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Acoustic emission monitoring of metal pressure vessels and storage tanks
N D T Abstracts 42788 Lenain, J-C. Acoustic emission m o n i t o r i n g of metal pressure vessels and storage t a n k s Proceedings of the International Conference on Monitoring, Surveillance and Predictive Maintenance of Plants and Structures, Taormina-Giardini Naxos, Sicily (Italy), 15-18 Oct. 1989, pp. 794-798. Italian Society for Nondestructive Testing After more than 10 years of experience in the field for both hydraulic proof test monitoring and in service inspections, AE becomes more and more a routine examination, in particular, in refineries and chemical plants. In several countries (USA and Europee), AE is now accepted by the regulation authorities. This paper shows several examples of applications pressure vessels, spheres, storage tanks, and so gives an idea about the database available. Also, and overview of the standards, codes and acceptance of AE in the different countries is presented. 42783 Svetlik, M.; Slama, K.; Kralovec, J. Steel s t r u c t u r e s diagnostic Skoda Review, No. 3, pp. 44-48 (1989) Elastic stress wave analysis is used by the SKODA manufacturers of nuclear reactor pressure vessels to provide diagnostic systems capable of monitoring performance and predicting failure in steel structures. The instrumentation, technical parameters and software of the sixteen- channel elastic stress wave analyzer are described in this article.
Tschelisnig, P. Acoustic emission testing (AET) - an integral non-destructive testing m e t h o d
42777
International Journal of Materials and Product Technology, Vol. 3, Nos. 3-4, pp. 267-275 (1988) After a short review of the history and development of acoustic emission testing (AET) as a non-destructive testing method, the theory of AET and its primary mechanism are discussed. The basis of the wave propagation and the principles of the hyperbolic triangulation are then presented. The state-of-the-art AE inspection system is explained with examples drawn from the TUV Vienna's 32-channel equipment and software. The applications and advantages of the technology are also reviewed. The AE tests performed at TUV Vienna and the results gained are discussed under the headings of integrity analysis and leakage tests. The paper concludes with a look ahead to the future, where AET as a non-destructive testing tool will make an important contribution to increased security for pressure vessels and better protection against environmental pollution.
Kalyanasundaram, P., Jayakumar, T.; Raj, B.; Murthy, C.R£.; Krishnan. A. Acoustic emission technique for leak detection in an end shield of a pressurised heavy water reactor
42529
Nuclear Engineering and Design, Vol. 116, No. 2, pp. 181-185 (1989) This paper discusses the successful application of the Acoustic Emission Technique (AET) for detection and location of leak paths present on the inaccessible side of an end shield of a Pressurised Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR). The methodology was based on the fact that air and water leak AE signals have different characteristic features. Baseline data was generated from a sound end-shield of a PHWR for characterizing the background noise. A mock up end-shield system with saw cut leak paths was used to verify the validity of the methodology. It was found that air leak signals under pressurisation (as low as 3 psi) could be detected by frequency domain analysis. Signals due to air leaks from various locations of a defective end-shield were acquired and analysed. It was possible to detect and locate leak paths. Presence of detected leak paths were further confirmed by alternatetest. 41925 Liu, S.; Gongtian, S.; Yaoguang, W.; Duan, Q. Application of acoustic emission technique during in-service p r e s s u r e vessel inspection Journal of Acoustic Emission, Vol. 8, Nos. 1-2, pp. 597-5100 (Jan. - Jun. 1989). Special Supplement - Extended Summaries of Papers to be presented at the World Meeting on Acoustic Emission, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA, 20-23 Mar. 1989 Acoustic emission (AE) techniques can be used as for defect inspection and assessment for periodic in-service metal pressure vessel inspection. It offers low test costs, short duration, high reliability and flexible application. The paper explains the Inspection and Assessment Aided by Acoustic Emission (IAAAE) method developed in China for predicting serious failure in metal vessels, and discusses possible applications.
318
N D T & E International Volume 26 Number 6 1993
41924 Sklarczyk, C.; Waschkies, E. Detectability of defects in r e a c t o r pressure c o m p o n e n t s by location a n d i n t e r p r e t a t i o n of AE-sources Journal of Acoustic Emission, Vol. 8, Nos. 1-2, pp. 593-595 (Jan. Jun. 1989). Special Supplement - Extended Summaries of Papers to be presented at the World Meeting on Acoustic Emission, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA, 20-23 Mar. 1989 This paper discusses the use of acoustic emission (AE) techniques as a means of detecting growing and non-growing crack-like defects in nuclear reactor pressure vessels. Signals from AE sources must be located and interpreted in order to differentiate between AE signals from crack growth and secondary signals from crack-face interference. The requirements of such a technique are discussed including AE source location, interpretation and classification of AE events and making allowances for transfer functions where the source and transducer are separated by more than five plate thicknesses. The study concludes that growing cracks can be detected over distances of a few meters between source and sensor while AE technique cannot guarantee to detect non-growing cracks. 41923 Chelladurai, T.; Krishnamurthy, R.; Acharya, A.R, An approach for the integrity assessment of M250 maraging steel pressurised systems Journal of Acoustic Emission, Vol. 8, Nos. 1-2, pp. 588-591 ( J a n . Jun. 1989). Special S u p p l e m e n t - Extended Summaries of Papers to be presented at the World Meeting on Acoustic Emission, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA, 20-23 Mar. 1989 The authors attempt to develop simple acceptance criteria for the integrity assessment of pressurised systems using commercially available acoustic emission (AE) equipment. A systematic study has been carried out of AE signatures in laboratory scale tensile specimens of M250 Maragiag Steel and experimental vessels with inserted surface cracks representing likely in service defects. The criteria makes use of basic parameters of AE signature such as peak amplitude, event duration, total counts and event rate. The acceptance criteria suggested fall into qualitative and quantitative categories and are explained in detail. 41922 Tirbonod, B.; Hanacek, L. A new acoustic emission m e a s u r e m e n t system a n d its application to the local monitoring of a c r a c k in a pressure vessel Journal of Acoustic Emission, Vol. 8, Nos. 1-2, pp. 584-586 (Jan. Jun. 1989). Special S u p p l e m e n t - Extended Summaries of Papers to be presented at the World Meeting on Acoustic Emission, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA, 20-23 Mar. 1989 A new system for measuring acoustic emission (AE) from a known crack in a pressure vessel is presented. AE signals from the crack are measured in a broad frequency band. By locating AE sources within the crack, source mechanism and crack growth can be determined. The new hardware is described and results of tests are presented. 41921 Horrigan, P.M.; Finn, J.F. Locating fatigue cracks by acoustic emission testing Journal of Acoustic Emission, Vol. 8, Nos. 1-2, pp. 579-583 (Jan. Jun. 1989). Special S u p p l e m e n t - Extended Summaries of Papers to be presented at the World Meeting on Acoustic Emission, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA, 20-23 Mar. 1989 This study shows that fatigue cracks found in seamless pressure vessels can be monitored with acoustic emission (AE) techniques in conjunction with shearwave ultrasonic testing (UT). Following internal visual inspection the tube was inspected first with the shearwave ultrasonic technique and afterwards with AE. Finally a fractographic analysis was undertaken using a scanning electron microscope. Results show that AE and UT provide an effective and sensitive combination of techniques and can be used to identify potentially dangerous in-service fatigue cracks in seamless pressure vessels.
Barthelemy, H. Periodic inspection of compressed gas cylinders and t r a n s p o r t vessels by using acoustic emission testing
41920
Journal of Acoustic Emission, Vol. 8, Nos. 1-2, pp. 575-578 (Jan. Jun. 1989). Special S u p p l e m e n t - E x t e n d e d Summaries of Papers to be presented at the World Meeting on Acoustic Emission, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA, 20-23 Mar. 1989 This paper examines the reliability of acoustic emission (AE) as a means of testing compressed gas containers, such as cylinders or transport vessels. It is proposed that this technique might, in future, replace the statutory hydrostatic tests used every 5 or l0 years in North America and Europe. Of the two most common types of flaw AE techniques detect internal oxidation
Tschelisnig, P. Acoustic emission testing (AET) - an integral non-destructive testing m e t h o d
42777
International Journal of Materials and Product Technology, Vol. 3, Nos. 3-4, pp. 267-275 (1988) After a short review of the history and development of acoustic emission testing (AET) as a non-destructive testing method, the theory of AET and its primary mechanism are discussed. The basis of the wave propagation and the principles of the hyperbolic triangulation are then presented. The state-of-the-art AE inspection system is explained with examples drawn from the TUV Vienna's 32-channel equipment and software. The applications and advantages of the technology are also reviewed. The AE tests performed at TUV Vienna and the results gained are discussed under the headings of integrity analysis and leakage tests. The paper concludes with a look ahead to the future, where AET as a non-destructive testing tool will make an important contribution to increased security for pressure vessels and better protection against environmental pollution.
Kalyanasundaram, P., Jayakumar, T.; Raj, B.; Murthy, C.R£.; Krishnan. A. Acoustic emission technique for leak detection in an end shield of a pressurised heavy water reactor
42529
Nuclear Engineering and Design, Vol. 116, No. 2, pp. 181-185 (1989) This paper discusses the successful application of the Acoustic Emission Technique (AET) for detection and location of leak paths present on the inaccessible side of an end shield of a Pressurised Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR). The methodology was based on the fact that air and water leak AE signals have different characteristic features. Baseline data was generated from a sound end-shield of a PHWR for characterizing the background noise. A mock up end-shield system with saw cut leak paths was used to verify the validity of the methodology. It was found that air leak signals under pressurisation (as low as 3 psi) could be detected by frequency domain analysis. Signals due to air leaks from various locations of a defective end-shield were acquired and analysed. It was possible to detect and locate leak paths. Presence of detected leak paths were further confirmed by alternatetest. 41925 Liu, S.; Gongtian, S.; Yaoguang, W.; Duan, Q. Application of acoustic emission technique during in-service p r e s s u r e vessel inspection Journal of Acoustic Emission, Vol. 8, Nos. 1-2, pp. 597-5100 (Jan. - Jun. 1989). Special Supplement - Extended Summaries of Papers to be presented at the World Meeting on Acoustic Emission, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA, 20-23 Mar. 1989 Acoustic emission (AE) techniques can be used as for defect inspection and assessment for periodic in-service metal pressure vessel inspection. It offers low test costs, short duration, high reliability and flexible application. The paper explains the Inspection and Assessment Aided by Acoustic Emission (IAAAE) method developed in China for predicting serious failure in metal vessels, and discusses possible applications.
318
N D T & E International Volume 26 Number 6 1993
41924 Sklarczyk, C.; Waschkies, E. Detectability of defects in r e a c t o r pressure c o m p o n e n t s by location a n d i n t e r p r e t a t i o n of AE-sources Journal of Acoustic Emission, Vol. 8, Nos. 1-2, pp. 593-595 (Jan. Jun. 1989). Special Supplement - Extended Summaries of Papers to be presented at the World Meeting on Acoustic Emission, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA, 20-23 Mar. 1989 This paper discusses the use of acoustic emission (AE) techniques as a means of detecting growing and non-growing crack-like defects in nuclear reactor pressure vessels. Signals from AE sources must be located and interpreted in order to differentiate between AE signals from crack growth and secondary signals from crack-face interference. The requirements of such a technique are discussed including AE source location, interpretation and classification of AE events and making allowances for transfer functions where the source and transducer are separated by more than five plate thicknesses. The study concludes that growing cracks can be detected over distances of a few meters between source and sensor while AE technique cannot guarantee to detect non-growing cracks. 41923 Chelladurai, T.; Krishnamurthy, R.; Acharya, A.R, An approach for the integrity assessment of M250 maraging steel pressurised systems Journal of Acoustic Emission, Vol. 8, Nos. 1-2, pp. 588-591 ( J a n . Jun. 1989). Special S u p p l e m e n t - Extended Summaries of Papers to be presented at the World Meeting on Acoustic Emission, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA, 20-23 Mar. 1989 The authors attempt to develop simple acceptance criteria for the integrity assessment of pressurised systems using commercially available acoustic emission (AE) equipment. A systematic study has been carried out of AE signatures in laboratory scale tensile specimens of M250 Maragiag Steel and experimental vessels with inserted surface cracks representing likely in service defects. The criteria makes use of basic parameters of AE signature such as peak amplitude, event duration, total counts and event rate. The acceptance criteria suggested fall into qualitative and quantitative categories and are explained in detail. 41922 Tirbonod, B.; Hanacek, L. A new acoustic emission m e a s u r e m e n t system a n d its application to the local monitoring of a c r a c k in a pressure vessel Journal of Acoustic Emission, Vol. 8, Nos. 1-2, pp. 584-586 (Jan. Jun. 1989). Special S u p p l e m e n t - Extended Summaries of Papers to be presented at the World Meeting on Acoustic Emission, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA, 20-23 Mar. 1989 A new system for measuring acoustic emission (AE) from a known crack in a pressure vessel is presented. AE signals from the crack are measured in a broad frequency band. By locating AE sources within the crack, source mechanism and crack growth can be determined. The new hardware is described and results of tests are presented. 41921 Horrigan, P.M.; Finn, J.F. Locating fatigue cracks by acoustic emission testing Journal of Acoustic Emission, Vol. 8, Nos. 1-2, pp. 579-583 (Jan. Jun. 1989). Special S u p p l e m e n t - Extended Summaries of Papers to be presented at the World Meeting on Acoustic Emission, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA, 20-23 Mar. 1989 This study shows that fatigue cracks found in seamless pressure vessels can be monitored with acoustic emission (AE) techniques in conjunction with shearwave ultrasonic testing (UT). Following internal visual inspection the tube was inspected first with the shearwave ultrasonic technique and afterwards with AE. Finally a fractographic analysis was undertaken using a scanning electron microscope. Results show that AE and UT provide an effective and sensitive combination of techniques and can be used to identify potentially dangerous in-service fatigue cracks in seamless pressure vessels.
Barthelemy, H. Periodic inspection of compressed gas cylinders and t r a n s p o r t vessels by using acoustic emission testing
41920
Journal of Acoustic Emission, Vol. 8, Nos. 1-2, pp. 575-578 (Jan. Jun. 1989). Special S u p p l e m e n t - E x t e n d e d Summaries of Papers to be presented at the World Meeting on Acoustic Emission, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA, 20-23 Mar. 1989 This paper examines the reliability of acoustic emission (AE) as a means of testing compressed gas containers, such as cylinders or transport vessels. It is proposed that this technique might, in future, replace the statutory hydrostatic tests used every 5 or l0 years in North America and Europe. Of the two most common types of flaw AE techniques detect internal oxidation