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Additional fish recordsfrom the Judith River Formation (Campanian) of Montana
ADDITIONAL FISH RECORDS FROM THE JUDITH RIVER FORMATION (CAMPANIAN) OF MONTANA by GERARD R. C A S E *
ABSTRACT
RI~SLIMt~
The recent recovery of additional fish remains from several fossil sites in Blaine County, Montana, allows us to add a new species of selachian and the occurrence of two genera of Chimaeriformes to the total vertebrate faunal assemblage of the Judith River Formation (Campanian). The new selachian genus is : Chiloscyllium mis, souriensis, a representative of the family: Orecto~
La r&ente d4couverte de restes de poissons additionnels dans plusieurs sites fossilif~res du Blaine County (Montana) nous permet d'ajouter une nouvelle esp&e de s41acien et la pr4sence de deux genres de Chimaeriformes /l la faune de vert4br4s de la Judith River Formation (Campanien). Le s41acien nouveau, Chiloscyllium missouHensis nov. sp., appartient aux Orectolobidae. En association avec la nouvelle esp&e de s4lacien, se rencontrent ,des repr4sentants des Chima& roides: Ischyodus bi[urcafus CAsE et Elasmodus cf. 9re,enoughi AGASSIZ. Ces nouvelles d~couvertes portent a vingt le nombre total d'esp&es de vert4br4s de la Judith River Formation.
lobidae. In association with the new orectolobid, there are representatives of the Chimaeroids : Ischyodus bi[urcatus CASE, and Elasmodus cf. 9reenoughi AGASSIZ. These new additions increase the total vertebrate faunal assemblage of the Judith River Formation to twenty species.
MOTS-CLI~S: CHONDRICHTHYES (ELASMODUS, ISCHYODUS), EUSELACHII (CHILOSCYLLIUM), CAMPANIEN (JUDITH RIVER FM), NOUVEAU, DENT, TI~GUMENT VERTI~BRI~(#..PINE), MONTANA (BLAINE COUNTY), U.S.A. KEY WORDS: CHONDRICHTHYES (ELASMODUS, ISCHYODUS), EU'SELACHII (CHILOSCYLLIUM), CA.MPANIAN (JUDITH RIVER FM), NEW DESCRIPTION, TOOTH, DERMAL FORMATIONS (EPINE), MONTANA (BLAINE COUNTYJ, U.S.A.
129 Carlton Avenue, Jersey City, New-Jersey 07306, USA.
G4obios, n ° 12, fasc. 2
p. 223-233, 1 fig., 2 pl.
Lyon, avril 1979
u
224 - -
INTRODUCTION This paper introduces additional species of fish from the Judith River Formation (Campanian) of Montana. 17 shark species have previously been described from the Judith Formation {Case, 1978b), and mention had also been made of Ischgodus and Elasmodus in the same citation (Case, 1978b, p.
177). All specimens were collected in the <> of southeastern Blaine County, in northcentral
Montana, at two major fossil sites. These site are : Site I : Suction Creek. situated: approximately at the mouth of Rattlesnake Creek, 1 mile above to 1 mile below the mouth of Rattlesnake Creek. Site 5: Timber Ridge, situated approximately southwest of Suction Creek. The estuarine nature of these sites has previously been discussed (Case, 1978b, p. 179-180).
GEOLOGY The specimens described in this report come from the uppermost member of the Judith River Formation (Campanian) of the Montana Group, Upper Cretaceous. The Judith River Formation has been correlated with the Mesaverde in Wyoming, and with parts .of the Oldman and Edmonton Formations in Alberta, Canada (McLean, 1971 ; Sahni, 1972). The two locali.ties below are in the same horizon. The two localities (Sites: 1 ~ 5) are situated between the Bearpa~v Mountains and the Missouri River (Perry, 1972 ; Sa,hni, 1972 ; Case, 1978b). A brief description of the area is as follows: the region is severely eroded and is of badlands topography, devoid of vegetation, .with the exception of a few scattered scrub pines, and is mostly eroded hillocks terminating in dry gullies or ravines. The bluffs located along rivers and catch basins
consist of the Judith River Formation overlain by the Bearpaw Shales. The Bearpaw shales have, thus far, ,produced only invertebrate material, primarily casts of the ammonites Placenticeras, Scaphttes, and Baculites. No shark's teeth or other vertebrate remains have been recovered in the Bearpaw shales while this author and his colleagues prospected the sites in June of 1977 (Case, 1978b, p. 201 ). The site descriptions have been presented (Case, 1978b, p. 179-180, and 201). The fossil-bearing horizon of the Judith River Formation at both sites is a slightly ferruginous sandy lens, approximately 4 inches in thickness. Each lens contains a rich assortment of all types and sizes of shark's teeth, teleost remains, reptile teeth, and occasional teeth or bone of mammals (multituberculates).
SYSTEMATICS Order : Orectolobiformes Suborder : Orectoloboidei Familly : H E M I S C Y L L I D A E GILL, 1862 Chiloscyllium
missouriensis sp. nov.
HOLOTYPE :
M T A 39. A lower lateral tooth. (Plate 1, figs: la-e, and texte-fig. 1) 1
HYPODIGM :
Type only. Locus TYPICI.IS : Site 1 : S u c t i o n C r e e k , B l a i n e C o u n t y , M o n t a n a . DERIVATIO NOMINIS :
Named after the Missouri River which is situated near the collection site. 1. Collector: Kenneth Olson, Chinook, Montana.
- - 225 - STRATUM TYPlCUM : Upper Judith River Formation (Campanian). DIAGNOSIS : Tooth minu,te in size, less than 1/2 of a mm in its greatest 'width, and approximately 0,25 mm in height, tooth is short, squat, and slightly worn with usage, with no sharp point to the apex of its crown. DESCRIPTION : The ,crown of the tooth is inclined posteriorly, approximately 45 degrees (pl. 1, fig. lc), and the oc,clusal carinae is indistinct and worn. There exists a <>ridge (text-fig. 1 ) midway of the labial face of the crown surface, and this author believes this to be useful as an aid in the gripping and crushing of food. The basal view (plate 1, fig. te), shows an almost completely opened medial grooveprobably non-existant in ,the related genera : Mesfteia, Brachaelurus, and Cantioseyllium (Cappetta, 1973 ; Cappetta ,~ Case, 1975). DISCUSSION : H. Cappetta (1973) described two members of the Orectolobidae from the Turonian of South Dakota (Carlile Shale). The genera: Cantioscyl~ lium and Brachaelurus (l~Iesiteia of Herman, 1977, p. 146 and pl. 6, fig. 2) represent, so far, the
Wl
earliest occurrence for ,the Orectolobidae in North America. The teeth of Cantioscyllium and Mesiteia (Brachaelurus of Cappetta) are quite distinctive 'with high pointed crowns and either fully developed (and equally as pointed) or vesti9ial lateral accessory cusps. The basal aspect shows a semi-circular medial 9roove, typical of the Orecto,lobidae. Both Cantioscyllium and Mesiteia are quite different from Chiloscyllium. Chitoscyltium havin 9 a squat, obliquely angled crown with or without lateral accessory cusplets, and a well~defined coronal~ occlusal carinae. The basal aspect of Chiloscyllium is essentially the same as that of Cantioscylliam and Mesiteia. The primary focus on ,the tooth desi9n of Chiloscyllittm places it closer to the Ginglymostomatidae, and even in general appearance, the teeth of Chiloscyllium, resemble those of Gingly-
rnostoma. H. Cappetta ,~ G. Case (1975b) described three species of the Orectobidae from the greensands of New Jersey (originally thoug,ht to be of Late Campanian age, and recently updated to the Early Maestrichtian) : two indeterminate species of Brachaelurru~ (Mesiteia), and one species of Gin-
glymostoma. R. Estes (196,4) unwittinflty described another orectolobid in his report on the Maestrichtian Lance Formation of Eastern Wyoming. He described several teeth of an unknown species of Chiloscyllium ~ as : 3 symp,hyseal teeth (Estes, 1964, p. 8, fig. 2a, b, and c) and a single parasymphyseal tooth (Estes, 1964, p. 10, fig. 3c) of his new genus and species : Lonchidion selachos. The other orectolobid in Estes' report was Sqmatirhina. J. Herman (1977) was the firs,t to notice this descriptive error, but, he assigned the generic name of Mesiteia to it, with provision, and consequently re-described the tooth as a new species : Mesiteia ?
estesL
O.50mm
Fig. 1 Chiloscylliummissouriensis nov. sp., labial view of tooth showing "wavy ridge" placed occlusally, and which probably aided in crushing shellfish.
Chiloscyllium missouriensis nov. sp., vue labiale des dents montrant la "ride sinusoidale" plac6e occlusalement, dont le r61e 6tait probablement de faciliter le broyage des carapaces.
Since J. Herman was in error on the generic re-description of Mesiteia estesi, this author proposes that the proper name for the taxon should be: Chiloscyllium estesi (HERMAN) e The present paper introduces an earlier occurrence for Chiloscytlium from the Campanian of Montana (Judith River Formation). The au,t,hor has a study underway at the present time, of a selachian fauna from the Mesaverde Formation (Late Campanian) of Wyoming. 2. As this paper goes to press, the author suggests that
Chiloscylliurn estesi (HERMAN) is in reality: Brachaelurus estesi (HERMAN).
- - 226 - Amongst the faunal assemblage, there is a distinctive new species of Chiloscyllium, differing from either C. missouriensis n. sp. or C. estesi ~(HERMAN). Along with this new ,species of Chilosc!tllium, there is a squatirhinid, as well as examples of Cretorec, tolobus olsoni CASE, and Ginglymostoma cf. globi~ dens CAPPETTA !~ CASE. Chiloseytlium m~ssouriensis n. sp. fits in well with .the previously described orectolobids : Eucrossorhinus microcuspidatus CASE, and Cretorectolobus olsoni CASE, in the Judith River Formation. As has been previously suggested (Case, 1978b, p. 188), the faunal assemblage indicates affinities with present day-Indo-Pacific selachian fauna.
Class : Chondrichthyes Subclass : Holocephali Order : Chimaeriformes Family : CHIMAERIDAE Genus : Ischyodus EGERTON, 1843 Ischyodus blfurcatus ,CASE, 1978 1978a lschyodus bi[urcatus Case, p. 21, pl. 1, fig. 1-5. REFERRED MATERIAL :
M T A 40 Left mandibular .(Plate 2, fig. 1). M T A 41 Left palatine (Plate 2, fig. 2). M T A 42 Dorsal fin spine fragments (Plate 2, fig. 3). L o c i TYPICI :
Sites 1: Suction ,Creek, and Si.te 5: Timber Ridge, Blaine County, Montana.
sing (the entire lower half of the palatine, aa,terior portion), and the symphyseal crest (abuttment) is broken away from the specimen (Plate 2, fig. 2). Mandibular element: an almost complete lefthand element {missing a small portion of the ros~ trum with its anterior tritoral element, alo.ng with 50 % of the symphyseal crest (abuttment). Spe~ cimen shows the typical fusion of the median and internal posterior tritoral, elements whiah is diagnostic for lsehyodus bi[urcatus CASE. The overall length of the specimen is approximately 31 mm, and the width is approximately 15 ram. Do~rsal [in spine element: a pre-anterior (mesial) section showing two parallel rows of ,hooak-1/~ke denticles (131.2, fig. 3) directed posteriorly towards the basal portion of the spine (Case ~ Herman, 1973). The outer surfaces show faint striations, and there is a trace of a single row of denticles along the dorsal .keel. These den.ticles are greatly worn, and cannot be discerned without magnification. DISCUSSION :
To briefly ,summarize the range of distribution for this species of Ischyodus: Santonian to Early Campanian (Merchantville Formation), St. Georges, Delaware (Chesapeake and Delaware Canal) ; Early Campanian (Chico local fauna), Chico, Butte County, California ; Campanian (Woodbury Clay), Belmawr, New Jersey; Late Campanian (Base of the Obourg Chark), Havre, Belgium (Dean, 1906; Herman, 1977); (Marlbroolk Marl), Arkadelp~hia, Arkansas (Hussa, kof, 1912) ; Early Maestricktian (Mr. Laurel Sands), Colts Neck, New Jersey; and finally : Early to Middle Maestriehtian (Navesink Formation), Manalapan, Marlboro, Holmdel, and Colts Neck, New Jersey. The origin of lschyodus (in North America) has been traced to the Late Santonian, and its range extended through the Companion and terminated in the Middle Maestrichtian. It was finally replaced in the Late Maestrichtian by the genus
Edaphodon.
STRATUM TYPICUM :
Upper Judith River Formation (Campanian). DESCRIPTION :
Palatine element : a fragmentary, left-hand, outer (oral) view, showing portions of the internal po,sterior tritor, partially covered by osseous material, the median and ex.ternal posterior tritors, as well as a partial internal anterior tritor. The specimen is the posterior half of a palatine. The approximate length of the specimen is 2 cm, and the width is appromately 12 ram. 40 % of the specimen is mis-
Family : RHINOCHIMAERIDAE Genus : Elasmodus EGERTON, 1843 Elasmodus cf. greenoughi AGASSIZ
184'3 Elasmodus 9reenovi, Egerton, p. 156 (name only).
- - 227 18"t3 Elasmodus greenoughi, L. Agassiz, p. 350, pl. XL, fig. 11-16. 1891 Elasmodus greenoughi, A . S . Woodward, p. 90. REFERRED MATERIAL :
MTA 2, fig. 5 MTA MTA
43 and M T A 46 Right palatines (Plate and 6a-b). 45 Left mandibular. 4-1 Right vomerine (Plate 2, fig. 4).
Locus TYPICUS : Site 1 : Suction .Creek. Blaine County, Montana. STRATUM TYPICUM :
Upper Judith River Formation (Campanian). DESCRIPTION:
Palatine elements: 2 fragmentary right-hand palatines, with much loss of the lateral buttresses, and on one specimen (pl. 2, fig. 5), t,here is also a loss of the symphyseal crest (abuttment). In specimen M T A 46 (pl. 2, fi 9. 6a-b), there is a partial symphyseal crest (abuttment). This latter specimen is almost complete, and displays 3 tritors. The specimen is broken along the -1th tritor (the external anterior tritor). The remainini] ,three tritors are: the internal posterior, the internal anterior, and the medial. There is almost a fusion between the internal posterior and the internal anterior tritoral elements (pl. 2, fig. 6b). In specimen M T A -13 (pl. 2, fi 9. 5), there is a fusion of the internal posterior and internal anterior tritors.
-
-
Mandibu,lar element: an imperfect left hand mandibular plate, showing only the posterior portion of the plate, 45 % of the anterior portion of the specimen is missing. T.he specimen ,does show some enameling is present towards the posterior portion of the tooth plate. No definite tritoral elements are evident in this specimen, although there does exist a few traces of laminae towards the anterior portion of the plate, and as the specimen is only half complete, it would be difficult to describe the exact tritora! positions for this plate. Vomerine element: an i~p,erfect anterior portion of a rig~ht-handed vomerine plate showin 9 5 (of a possible original 8) cylindrical tritoral elements which traverse the structure of the plate. The specimen is incomplete, and there should be at least 3 more tritors (if the plate were complete), as well as a symphyseal crest (abuttment). In actuality, the specimen M T A 44, is rather useless in this description, but, unfortunately, it is the only example of a vomerine found to date of Elasmodus in the Judith River Formation. DISCUSSION :
The type specimen for Elasmodus 9reenoughi AGASSIZ, an imperfect right.~hand mandibular tooth plate, is housed in the collections of the British Museum (Natural History), in London, England (Ward, 1973, 1977 ; 'Woad'ward, 1891). The specimen is Upper Senonian in age, and was collected in Belgium. This is the first reported occurrence for Elasmodus greenoughi AGASSIZ in North America.
SUMMARY The presently described material : 1 new species of an Orectolobid shark : Chiloscyllium missouriensis n. sp., and 2 occurrences of previously reported Chimaeroids : Ischyodus bi[urcatus CASE and Elasmodus ,cf. 9reenoughi AGASSIZ, are now added onto a larger vertebrate faunal assemblage from the Judith River Formation of Montana. This faunal assemblage includes: SELACHIANS :
Hybodus montanensis CASE Hybodus storeri CASE Synechodus andersoni CASE Synechodus stria,tus CASE
Squalicorax kaupi (AGASSIZ) Eucrossorhinus microcuspldatus CASE Cretorectolobus olsoni CASE Hypotodus grandis CASE Odontaspis sanguinei CASE Plicatolamna arcuata (WooDwARD) Archaeotrtakis rochelleae CASE Pro~oplatyrhina renae CASE Ischyrhiza avonicola ESTE'S Ischyrhiza mira LEIDY Ischyrhiza sp. Ptychotrygon blainensis CASE Myledaphus bipartitus COpE
--
TELEOSTEANS :
Aeipenser sp. Lepisosteus cf. occidentalis (LEmY) Lepidotus sp. Kindleia cf. [ragosa JORDAN Pa.ralbrtla case/ ESTES Enchodus cf. petrosus Copy. Stra~odus cf. apicalis COPE A separate paper .dealing with the teleost fishes is currently in preparation.
Acknowledgements The author appreciates the co-operation of Pastor Kenneth Olson, and LeRoy and Rena Anderson, all of Chinook, Montana. Rev. Olson and the Andersons were responsible for recovering these presently described specimens, as well
2'28 - as many other very importants fossils in the Badlands of Blaine County, Montana. The author appreeia<~es very much the kindness of Henri Cappetta of the Laboratory of Paleontology, at the University of Sciences and Techniques of Languedoc, Montpellier, France, and Earl Manning, Departmeat of Vertebrate Paleon~ tology, at the American Museum of Natural History, New York City, New York, for their assistance in reading the manuscript and offering suggestions. The author thanks Richard E. Grant of Dallas, Texas, for his excellent photographic assistance, and the author also thanks F. Rudolf Turner of the Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, foe his work with the Scanning Electron Microscope. The material as described herein (types and paratypes) are to be housed in the collections of the University of Sciences and Techniques of Languedoc, at Montpellier, France (acronym MTA). The work was supported, in part, by a (].rant from the Griffis fund of the American Littoral Society: GF-ALS1426.
REFERENCES CAPPETTA H. (1973). - - Selachians from the Carlilt Shale (Turonian) of South Dakota. ]our. Paleont., Tulsa, vol. 47, n ° 3, p. 504-5,14. CAPPETTA H. ~b 'CASE G . R . (1975). - - Contribution ~ l'6tude des s61aciens du groupe Monmouth (Campanien- Maestrichtien) du N e w - J e r s e y . Palaeontographica, Stuttgart, Abt. A, Bd. 151, p. 1-46. CASE G. R. ( 1 9 7 8 a ) . - Ischyodus bi[urcatus, a new species of Chimaeroid fish from the Upper Cretaceous of N e w Jersey. Gdobios, Lyon, n ° 11, f. 1, p. 21-29. CASE G . R . ( 1 9 7 8 b ) . A new selachian fauna from the Judith River Formation (Companion) of Montana. Palaeontographica, Stuttgart, Abt. A, Bd. 160, p. 17,6-205. CASE G. R. ,b HEnMAN ]. ( 1 9 7 3 ) . - Une (~pine dotsale du .Chim6roide Edaphodon cfr. bucklandi (AOAsslz) dans l'Ypresien du Maroc. Bull. Soc. belge Gdol., Pat6ont., Hydrol., Bruxelles, T. 82, f. 3, p. 445-449. DEAN B. ( 1 9 0 6 ) . Chimaeroid fishes and their ,development. Carnegie Inst., W a s h i n g t o n , Publ. n ° 32, p. 167-172. EST~S R. (1964). - - Fossil vertebrates from the Late Cretaceous Lance Formation, Eastern W y o m i n g . Univ. Cali[. Publ. Geol. Sci., 40, p. 1-180.
HEI~MAN J. (1977). - -
Les s61aciens des terrains n6oer6tac6s et pal6oc6nes de Belgique et des contr6es limitrophes. Mem. Serv. gdol. Belge, Bruxelles, Mere. n ° 15, p. 1-450. HUSSAKOF L. (1912). - - T h e Cretaceous Chimaeroids of N o r t h America. Bull. Amer. Mlus. Nat. Hist., N e w York, vol. X X X I , art. XIX, p. 195-2'28. MCLEAN ]. R. (1971). - - Stratigraphy of the Upper ,Cretaceous Judith River Formation in the Canadian Great Plains. Sask. Res. Co un., Sasikatchewan, Rept. 11, p. 1-96. P~-nRY E . S . (1962). - - M o n t a n a in the geologic past. Mont. Bur. Mines 6 Geol., Butte, Bull. n ° 26, p. 1-78. SAI-INI A. (1972'). - - T h e vertebrate fauna of the Judith River Formation~ Montana. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat, Hist., N e w York, vol. 147, art. 6, p. 323-412. WAnD D. ]. (1973). - - T h e English Palaeogene chimaeroid fishes. Proc. Geol. Ass., London, vol. 84, pt. 3, p. 315-330. WAnD D. J. (1977). - - Associated dentition of the chimaeroid fish Br~chgmylus altidens from the O x f o r d Clay. Palaeontolog9, London, vol. 2'0, pt. 3, p. 589-594. WOODWARD A . S . (1891). - - Catalogue of the fossil fishes in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.). Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), London, pt. 2, p. 52-93. Manuscrit re~u le 18-09-78 Manuscrit d~finitif regu le 28-12-78
-- 230
PLATE
Chiloscyllium missouriensis a. b. c. d. e.
1
nov. sp. L o w e r j a w , h t e r a l t o o t h .
Occlusal view. Labial view. Lateral view. Lingual view. Basal view.
Chiloscyllium missouriensis a. b. c. d. e.
--
vue rue vue vue rue
nov. sp. Une d e n t lat&ale de la m~ichoire inf6deure.
occlusale. labiale. lat6rale. linguale. basilaire
PI. 1
G6obios NO 12 - fasc. 2
G.R. Case
X 40
-
232
--
PLATE
2
Fig. 1 - 3 - Ischyodus bifurcatus CASE. 1. Left-hand mandibular plate - lingual view. 2. Left-hand palatine plate - lingual view. 3. Dorsal fin spine section - side view with denticles. Fig. 4 - 6 - Elasmodus cf. greenoughi AGASSIZ. 4. Fragment of a vomerine plate - labial view. 5. Incomplete left-hand mandibular plate - lingual view. 6. Right-hand palatine plate. a. Labial view. b. Lingual view.
Fig. 1 - 3 - Ischyodus bifurcatus CASE. 1. Plaque mandibulaire, c6t6 gauche, vue linguale. 2. Plaque palatine, c6t6 gauche, vue linguale. 3. Coupe d'une 6pine de la nageoire dorsale - vue lat6rale avec les denticules. Fig. 4 - 6 - Elasmodus cf. greenoughi AGASSIZ. 4. Coupe d'une plaque vom6rienne - vue labiale. 5. Plaque mandibulaire, c6t6 gauche - vue linguale, (non complete). 6. Palque palatine, c6t6 droit, a. vue labiale. b. vue linguale.
G6obios NO 12 - fasc. 2
PI. 2 G.R. Case
X 3.5
ABSTRACT
RI~SLIMt~
The recent recovery of additional fish remains from several fossil sites in Blaine County, Montana, allows us to add a new species of selachian and the occurrence of two genera of Chimaeriformes to the total vertebrate faunal assemblage of the Judith River Formation (Campanian). The new selachian genus is : Chiloscyllium mis, souriensis, a representative of the family: Orecto~
La r&ente d4couverte de restes de poissons additionnels dans plusieurs sites fossilif~res du Blaine County (Montana) nous permet d'ajouter une nouvelle esp&e de s41acien et la pr4sence de deux genres de Chimaeriformes /l la faune de vert4br4s de la Judith River Formation (Campanien). Le s41acien nouveau, Chiloscyllium missouHensis nov. sp., appartient aux Orectolobidae. En association avec la nouvelle esp&e de s4lacien, se rencontrent ,des repr4sentants des Chima& roides: Ischyodus bi[urcafus CAsE et Elasmodus cf. 9re,enoughi AGASSIZ. Ces nouvelles d~couvertes portent a vingt le nombre total d'esp&es de vert4br4s de la Judith River Formation.
lobidae. In association with the new orectolobid, there are representatives of the Chimaeroids : Ischyodus bi[urcatus CASE, and Elasmodus cf. 9reenoughi AGASSIZ. These new additions increase the total vertebrate faunal assemblage of the Judith River Formation to twenty species.
MOTS-CLI~S: CHONDRICHTHYES (ELASMODUS, ISCHYODUS), EUSELACHII (CHILOSCYLLIUM), CAMPANIEN (JUDITH RIVER FM), NOUVEAU, DENT, TI~GUMENT VERTI~BRI~(#..PINE), MONTANA (BLAINE COUNTY), U.S.A. KEY WORDS: CHONDRICHTHYES (ELASMODUS, ISCHYODUS), EU'SELACHII (CHILOSCYLLIUM), CA.MPANIAN (JUDITH RIVER FM), NEW DESCRIPTION, TOOTH, DERMAL FORMATIONS (EPINE), MONTANA (BLAINE COUNTYJ, U.S.A.
129 Carlton Avenue, Jersey City, New-Jersey 07306, USA.
G4obios, n ° 12, fasc. 2
p. 223-233, 1 fig., 2 pl.
Lyon, avril 1979
u
224 - -
INTRODUCTION This paper introduces additional species of fish from the Judith River Formation (Campanian) of Montana. 17 shark species have previously been described from the Judith Formation {Case, 1978b), and mention had also been made of Ischgodus and Elasmodus in the same citation (Case, 1978b, p.
177). All specimens were collected in the <
Montana, at two major fossil sites. These site are : Site I : Suction Creek. situated: approximately at the mouth of Rattlesnake Creek, 1 mile above to 1 mile below the mouth of Rattlesnake Creek. Site 5: Timber Ridge, situated approximately southwest of Suction Creek. The estuarine nature of these sites has previously been discussed (Case, 1978b, p. 179-180).
GEOLOGY The specimens described in this report come from the uppermost member of the Judith River Formation (Campanian) of the Montana Group, Upper Cretaceous. The Judith River Formation has been correlated with the Mesaverde in Wyoming, and with parts .of the Oldman and Edmonton Formations in Alberta, Canada (McLean, 1971 ; Sahni, 1972). The two locali.ties below are in the same horizon. The two localities (Sites: 1 ~ 5) are situated between the Bearpa~v Mountains and the Missouri River (Perry, 1972 ; Sa,hni, 1972 ; Case, 1978b). A brief description of the area is as follows: the region is severely eroded and is of badlands topography, devoid of vegetation, .with the exception of a few scattered scrub pines, and is mostly eroded hillocks terminating in dry gullies or ravines. The bluffs located along rivers and catch basins
consist of the Judith River Formation overlain by the Bearpaw Shales. The Bearpaw shales have, thus far, ,produced only invertebrate material, primarily casts of the ammonites Placenticeras, Scaphttes, and Baculites. No shark's teeth or other vertebrate remains have been recovered in the Bearpaw shales while this author and his colleagues prospected the sites in June of 1977 (Case, 1978b, p. 201 ). The site descriptions have been presented (Case, 1978b, p. 179-180, and 201). The fossil-bearing horizon of the Judith River Formation at both sites is a slightly ferruginous sandy lens, approximately 4 inches in thickness. Each lens contains a rich assortment of all types and sizes of shark's teeth, teleost remains, reptile teeth, and occasional teeth or bone of mammals (multituberculates).
SYSTEMATICS Order : Orectolobiformes Suborder : Orectoloboidei Familly : H E M I S C Y L L I D A E GILL, 1862 Chiloscyllium
missouriensis sp. nov.
HOLOTYPE :
M T A 39. A lower lateral tooth. (Plate 1, figs: la-e, and texte-fig. 1) 1
HYPODIGM :
Type only. Locus TYPICI.IS : Site 1 : S u c t i o n C r e e k , B l a i n e C o u n t y , M o n t a n a . DERIVATIO NOMINIS :
Named after the Missouri River which is situated near the collection site. 1. Collector: Kenneth Olson, Chinook, Montana.
- - 225 - STRATUM TYPlCUM : Upper Judith River Formation (Campanian). DIAGNOSIS : Tooth minu,te in size, less than 1/2 of a mm in its greatest 'width, and approximately 0,25 mm in height, tooth is short, squat, and slightly worn with usage, with no sharp point to the apex of its crown. DESCRIPTION : The ,crown of the tooth is inclined posteriorly, approximately 45 degrees (pl. 1, fig. lc), and the oc,clusal carinae is indistinct and worn. There exists a <
Wl
earliest occurrence for ,the Orectolobidae in North America. The teeth of Cantioscyllium and Mesiteia (Brachaelurus of Cappetta) are quite distinctive 'with high pointed crowns and either fully developed (and equally as pointed) or vesti9ial lateral accessory cusps. The basal aspect shows a semi-circular medial 9roove, typical of the Orecto,lobidae. Both Cantioscyllium and Mesiteia are quite different from Chiloscyllium. Chitoscyltium havin 9 a squat, obliquely angled crown with or without lateral accessory cusplets, and a well~defined coronal~ occlusal carinae. The basal aspect of Chiloscyllium is essentially the same as that of Cantioscylliam and Mesiteia. The primary focus on ,the tooth desi9n of Chiloscyllittm places it closer to the Ginglymostomatidae, and even in general appearance, the teeth of Chiloscyllium, resemble those of Gingly-
rnostoma. H. Cappetta ,~ G. Case (1975b) described three species of the Orectobidae from the greensands of New Jersey (originally thoug,ht to be of Late Campanian age, and recently updated to the Early Maestrichtian) : two indeterminate species of Brachaelurru~ (Mesiteia), and one species of Gin-
glymostoma. R. Estes (196,4) unwittinflty described another orectolobid in his report on the Maestrichtian Lance Formation of Eastern Wyoming. He described several teeth of an unknown species of Chiloscyllium ~ as : 3 symp,hyseal teeth (Estes, 1964, p. 8, fig. 2a, b, and c) and a single parasymphyseal tooth (Estes, 1964, p. 10, fig. 3c) of his new genus and species : Lonchidion selachos. The other orectolobid in Estes' report was Sqmatirhina. J. Herman (1977) was the firs,t to notice this descriptive error, but, he assigned the generic name of Mesiteia to it, with provision, and consequently re-described the tooth as a new species : Mesiteia ?
estesL
O.50mm
Fig. 1 Chiloscylliummissouriensis nov. sp., labial view of tooth showing "wavy ridge" placed occlusally, and which probably aided in crushing shellfish.
Chiloscyllium missouriensis nov. sp., vue labiale des dents montrant la "ride sinusoidale" plac6e occlusalement, dont le r61e 6tait probablement de faciliter le broyage des carapaces.
Since J. Herman was in error on the generic re-description of Mesiteia estesi, this author proposes that the proper name for the taxon should be: Chiloscyllium estesi (HERMAN) e The present paper introduces an earlier occurrence for Chiloscytlium from the Campanian of Montana (Judith River Formation). The au,t,hor has a study underway at the present time, of a selachian fauna from the Mesaverde Formation (Late Campanian) of Wyoming. 2. As this paper goes to press, the author suggests that
Chiloscylliurn estesi (HERMAN) is in reality: Brachaelurus estesi (HERMAN).
- - 226 - Amongst the faunal assemblage, there is a distinctive new species of Chiloscyllium, differing from either C. missouriensis n. sp. or C. estesi ~(HERMAN). Along with this new ,species of Chilosc!tllium, there is a squatirhinid, as well as examples of Cretorec, tolobus olsoni CASE, and Ginglymostoma cf. globi~ dens CAPPETTA !~ CASE. Chiloseytlium m~ssouriensis n. sp. fits in well with .the previously described orectolobids : Eucrossorhinus microcuspidatus CASE, and Cretorectolobus olsoni CASE, in the Judith River Formation. As has been previously suggested (Case, 1978b, p. 188), the faunal assemblage indicates affinities with present day-Indo-Pacific selachian fauna.
Class : Chondrichthyes Subclass : Holocephali Order : Chimaeriformes Family : CHIMAERIDAE Genus : Ischyodus EGERTON, 1843 Ischyodus blfurcatus ,CASE, 1978 1978a lschyodus bi[urcatus Case, p. 21, pl. 1, fig. 1-5. REFERRED MATERIAL :
M T A 40 Left mandibular .(Plate 2, fig. 1). M T A 41 Left palatine (Plate 2, fig. 2). M T A 42 Dorsal fin spine fragments (Plate 2, fig. 3). L o c i TYPICI :
Sites 1: Suction ,Creek, and Si.te 5: Timber Ridge, Blaine County, Montana.
sing (the entire lower half of the palatine, aa,terior portion), and the symphyseal crest (abuttment) is broken away from the specimen (Plate 2, fig. 2). Mandibular element: an almost complete lefthand element {missing a small portion of the ros~ trum with its anterior tritoral element, alo.ng with 50 % of the symphyseal crest (abuttment). Spe~ cimen shows the typical fusion of the median and internal posterior tritoral, elements whiah is diagnostic for lsehyodus bi[urcatus CASE. The overall length of the specimen is approximately 31 mm, and the width is approximately 15 ram. Do~rsal [in spine element: a pre-anterior (mesial) section showing two parallel rows of ,hooak-1/~ke denticles (131.2, fig. 3) directed posteriorly towards the basal portion of the spine (Case ~ Herman, 1973). The outer surfaces show faint striations, and there is a trace of a single row of denticles along the dorsal .keel. These den.ticles are greatly worn, and cannot be discerned without magnification. DISCUSSION :
To briefly ,summarize the range of distribution for this species of Ischyodus: Santonian to Early Campanian (Merchantville Formation), St. Georges, Delaware (Chesapeake and Delaware Canal) ; Early Campanian (Chico local fauna), Chico, Butte County, California ; Campanian (Woodbury Clay), Belmawr, New Jersey; Late Campanian (Base of the Obourg Chark), Havre, Belgium (Dean, 1906; Herman, 1977); (Marlbroolk Marl), Arkadelp~hia, Arkansas (Hussa, kof, 1912) ; Early Maestricktian (Mr. Laurel Sands), Colts Neck, New Jersey; and finally : Early to Middle Maestriehtian (Navesink Formation), Manalapan, Marlboro, Holmdel, and Colts Neck, New Jersey. The origin of lschyodus (in North America) has been traced to the Late Santonian, and its range extended through the Companion and terminated in the Middle Maestrichtian. It was finally replaced in the Late Maestrichtian by the genus
Edaphodon.
STRATUM TYPICUM :
Upper Judith River Formation (Campanian). DESCRIPTION :
Palatine element : a fragmentary, left-hand, outer (oral) view, showing portions of the internal po,sterior tritor, partially covered by osseous material, the median and ex.ternal posterior tritors, as well as a partial internal anterior tritor. The specimen is the posterior half of a palatine. The approximate length of the specimen is 2 cm, and the width is appromately 12 ram. 40 % of the specimen is mis-
Family : RHINOCHIMAERIDAE Genus : Elasmodus EGERTON, 1843 Elasmodus cf. greenoughi AGASSIZ
184'3 Elasmodus 9reenovi, Egerton, p. 156 (name only).
- - 227 18"t3 Elasmodus greenoughi, L. Agassiz, p. 350, pl. XL, fig. 11-16. 1891 Elasmodus greenoughi, A . S . Woodward, p. 90. REFERRED MATERIAL :
MTA 2, fig. 5 MTA MTA
43 and M T A 46 Right palatines (Plate and 6a-b). 45 Left mandibular. 4-1 Right vomerine (Plate 2, fig. 4).
Locus TYPICUS : Site 1 : Suction .Creek. Blaine County, Montana. STRATUM TYPICUM :
Upper Judith River Formation (Campanian). DESCRIPTION:
Palatine elements: 2 fragmentary right-hand palatines, with much loss of the lateral buttresses, and on one specimen (pl. 2, fig. 5), t,here is also a loss of the symphyseal crest (abuttment). In specimen M T A 46 (pl. 2, fi 9. 6a-b), there is a partial symphyseal crest (abuttment). This latter specimen is almost complete, and displays 3 tritors. The specimen is broken along the -1th tritor (the external anterior tritor). The remainini] ,three tritors are: the internal posterior, the internal anterior, and the medial. There is almost a fusion between the internal posterior and the internal anterior tritoral elements (pl. 2, fig. 6b). In specimen M T A -13 (pl. 2, fi 9. 5), there is a fusion of the internal posterior and internal anterior tritors.
-
-
Mandibu,lar element: an imperfect left hand mandibular plate, showing only the posterior portion of the plate, 45 % of the anterior portion of the specimen is missing. T.he specimen ,does show some enameling is present towards the posterior portion of the tooth plate. No definite tritoral elements are evident in this specimen, although there does exist a few traces of laminae towards the anterior portion of the plate, and as the specimen is only half complete, it would be difficult to describe the exact tritora! positions for this plate. Vomerine element: an i~p,erfect anterior portion of a rig~ht-handed vomerine plate showin 9 5 (of a possible original 8) cylindrical tritoral elements which traverse the structure of the plate. The specimen is incomplete, and there should be at least 3 more tritors (if the plate were complete), as well as a symphyseal crest (abuttment). In actuality, the specimen M T A 44, is rather useless in this description, but, unfortunately, it is the only example of a vomerine found to date of Elasmodus in the Judith River Formation. DISCUSSION :
The type specimen for Elasmodus 9reenoughi AGASSIZ, an imperfect right.~hand mandibular tooth plate, is housed in the collections of the British Museum (Natural History), in London, England (Ward, 1973, 1977 ; 'Woad'ward, 1891). The specimen is Upper Senonian in age, and was collected in Belgium. This is the first reported occurrence for Elasmodus greenoughi AGASSIZ in North America.
SUMMARY The presently described material : 1 new species of an Orectolobid shark : Chiloscyllium missouriensis n. sp., and 2 occurrences of previously reported Chimaeroids : Ischyodus bi[urcatus CASE and Elasmodus ,cf. 9reenoughi AGASSIZ, are now added onto a larger vertebrate faunal assemblage from the Judith River Formation of Montana. This faunal assemblage includes: SELACHIANS :
Hybodus montanensis CASE Hybodus storeri CASE Synechodus andersoni CASE Synechodus stria,tus CASE
Squalicorax kaupi (AGASSIZ) Eucrossorhinus microcuspldatus CASE Cretorectolobus olsoni CASE Hypotodus grandis CASE Odontaspis sanguinei CASE Plicatolamna arcuata (WooDwARD) Archaeotrtakis rochelleae CASE Pro~oplatyrhina renae CASE Ischyrhiza avonicola ESTE'S Ischyrhiza mira LEIDY Ischyrhiza sp. Ptychotrygon blainensis CASE Myledaphus bipartitus COpE
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TELEOSTEANS :
Aeipenser sp. Lepisosteus cf. occidentalis (LEmY) Lepidotus sp. Kindleia cf. [ragosa JORDAN Pa.ralbrtla case/ ESTES Enchodus cf. petrosus Copy. Stra~odus cf. apicalis COPE A separate paper .dealing with the teleost fishes is currently in preparation.
Acknowledgements The author appreciates the co-operation of Pastor Kenneth Olson, and LeRoy and Rena Anderson, all of Chinook, Montana. Rev. Olson and the Andersons were responsible for recovering these presently described specimens, as well
2'28 - as many other very importants fossils in the Badlands of Blaine County, Montana. The author appreeia<~es very much the kindness of Henri Cappetta of the Laboratory of Paleontology, at the University of Sciences and Techniques of Languedoc, Montpellier, France, and Earl Manning, Departmeat of Vertebrate Paleon~ tology, at the American Museum of Natural History, New York City, New York, for their assistance in reading the manuscript and offering suggestions. The author thanks Richard E. Grant of Dallas, Texas, for his excellent photographic assistance, and the author also thanks F. Rudolf Turner of the Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, foe his work with the Scanning Electron Microscope. The material as described herein (types and paratypes) are to be housed in the collections of the University of Sciences and Techniques of Languedoc, at Montpellier, France (acronym MTA). The work was supported, in part, by a (].rant from the Griffis fund of the American Littoral Society: GF-ALS1426.
REFERENCES CAPPETTA H. (1973). - - Selachians from the Carlilt Shale (Turonian) of South Dakota. ]our. Paleont., Tulsa, vol. 47, n ° 3, p. 504-5,14. CAPPETTA H. ~b 'CASE G . R . (1975). - - Contribution ~ l'6tude des s61aciens du groupe Monmouth (Campanien- Maestrichtien) du N e w - J e r s e y . Palaeontographica, Stuttgart, Abt. A, Bd. 151, p. 1-46. CASE G. R. ( 1 9 7 8 a ) . - Ischyodus bi[urcatus, a new species of Chimaeroid fish from the Upper Cretaceous of N e w Jersey. Gdobios, Lyon, n ° 11, f. 1, p. 21-29. CASE G . R . ( 1 9 7 8 b ) . A new selachian fauna from the Judith River Formation (Companion) of Montana. Palaeontographica, Stuttgart, Abt. A, Bd. 160, p. 17,6-205. CASE G. R. ,b HEnMAN ]. ( 1 9 7 3 ) . - Une (~pine dotsale du .Chim6roide Edaphodon cfr. bucklandi (AOAsslz) dans l'Ypresien du Maroc. Bull. Soc. belge Gdol., Pat6ont., Hydrol., Bruxelles, T. 82, f. 3, p. 445-449. DEAN B. ( 1 9 0 6 ) . Chimaeroid fishes and their ,development. Carnegie Inst., W a s h i n g t o n , Publ. n ° 32, p. 167-172. EST~S R. (1964). - - Fossil vertebrates from the Late Cretaceous Lance Formation, Eastern W y o m i n g . Univ. Cali[. Publ. Geol. Sci., 40, p. 1-180.
HEI~MAN J. (1977). - -
Les s61aciens des terrains n6oer6tac6s et pal6oc6nes de Belgique et des contr6es limitrophes. Mem. Serv. gdol. Belge, Bruxelles, Mere. n ° 15, p. 1-450. HUSSAKOF L. (1912). - - T h e Cretaceous Chimaeroids of N o r t h America. Bull. Amer. Mlus. Nat. Hist., N e w York, vol. X X X I , art. XIX, p. 195-2'28. MCLEAN ]. R. (1971). - - Stratigraphy of the Upper ,Cretaceous Judith River Formation in the Canadian Great Plains. Sask. Res. Co un., Sasikatchewan, Rept. 11, p. 1-96. P~-nRY E . S . (1962). - - M o n t a n a in the geologic past. Mont. Bur. Mines 6 Geol., Butte, Bull. n ° 26, p. 1-78. SAI-INI A. (1972'). - - T h e vertebrate fauna of the Judith River Formation~ Montana. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat, Hist., N e w York, vol. 147, art. 6, p. 323-412. WAnD D. ]. (1973). - - T h e English Palaeogene chimaeroid fishes. Proc. Geol. Ass., London, vol. 84, pt. 3, p. 315-330. WAnD D. J. (1977). - - Associated dentition of the chimaeroid fish Br~chgmylus altidens from the O x f o r d Clay. Palaeontolog9, London, vol. 2'0, pt. 3, p. 589-594. WOODWARD A . S . (1891). - - Catalogue of the fossil fishes in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.). Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), London, pt. 2, p. 52-93. Manuscrit re~u le 18-09-78 Manuscrit d~finitif regu le 28-12-78
-- 230
PLATE
Chiloscyllium missouriensis a. b. c. d. e.
1
nov. sp. L o w e r j a w , h t e r a l t o o t h .
Occlusal view. Labial view. Lateral view. Lingual view. Basal view.
Chiloscyllium missouriensis a. b. c. d. e.
--
vue rue vue vue rue
nov. sp. Une d e n t lat&ale de la m~ichoire inf6deure.
occlusale. labiale. lat6rale. linguale. basilaire
PI. 1
G6obios NO 12 - fasc. 2
G.R. Case
X 40
-
232
--
PLATE
2
Fig. 1 - 3 - Ischyodus bifurcatus CASE. 1. Left-hand mandibular plate - lingual view. 2. Left-hand palatine plate - lingual view. 3. Dorsal fin spine section - side view with denticles. Fig. 4 - 6 - Elasmodus cf. greenoughi AGASSIZ. 4. Fragment of a vomerine plate - labial view. 5. Incomplete left-hand mandibular plate - lingual view. 6. Right-hand palatine plate. a. Labial view. b. Lingual view.
Fig. 1 - 3 - Ischyodus bifurcatus CASE. 1. Plaque mandibulaire, c6t6 gauche, vue linguale. 2. Plaque palatine, c6t6 gauche, vue linguale. 3. Coupe d'une 6pine de la nageoire dorsale - vue lat6rale avec les denticules. Fig. 4 - 6 - Elasmodus cf. greenoughi AGASSIZ. 4. Coupe d'une plaque vom6rienne - vue labiale. 5. Plaque mandibulaire, c6t6 gauche - vue linguale, (non complete). 6. Palque palatine, c6t6 droit, a. vue labiale. b. vue linguale.
G6obios NO 12 - fasc. 2
PI. 2 G.R. Case
X 3.5