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Additions to Stenella from India
233
Mycol. Res. 99 ( 2 ) :233-236 (1995) Printed in Great Britain
Additions to Stenellm from India
KAVITA SRIVASTAVA, A. K. SRIVASTAVA* A N D KAMAL Department of Botany, University of Gorakhpur, Gorakhpur-273009, India
Four new species of Stenella, S. anamirtae on Anamirfa paniculafa, S. hippocrafiae on Hippocrafia arborea, S. meynae-laxij7orae on Meyna laxiflora and S. pentafropidis on Penfatropis spirale, collected from North-Eastem Uttar Pradesh, India are described, illustrated and compared with similar species.
The hyphomycete genus Stenella Syd. (Sydow, 1930) mainly consists of tropical, foliicolous fungi. The generic circumscription was discussed and refined b y Deighton (1971, 1979), Mulder (1975, 1982) and d e Hoog, Rahman & Berkhout
(1983) s o as t o distinguish Stenella from Cladosporiurn, Cercospora, Mycovellosielh and Veronaea. Consequently, the number of species of Sfenella has been expanded considerably in recent years to the extent that about 70 species are n o w known, 11 of which have been described from North-Eastem Uttar Pradesh, India (Kamal et al., 1980a, b; de H o o g ef a]., 1983; Verma & Kamal, 1987; Rai & Kamal, 1989, 1990; Chaudhary et al., 1991; Srivastava et al., 1993). In this communication, four new species of Stenella collected from the same area are described and illustrated.
Stenella anamirtae K. Srivastava, A. K. Srivastava & Kamal sp. nov.
Figs 1-4. Sfenella anamirtae. Fig. 1, external hyphae; Fig. 2 , conidiophores; Fig. 3, conidia, Fig. 4, infection spots. Scale bars, Figs 1-3 = 20 m, Fig. 4 = 20 mm. Corresponding author
(Figs 1-4)
Maculae hypogenae, fuscobrunneae, primo parvae et orbiculares, deinde coalescentes et partim maiorum laminae tegentes. Coloniae hypophyllae, subtiliter velutinae. Mycelium intemurn vel plerurnque externum; hyphae extemae septatae, rarnosae, verruculosae, subhyalinae vel olivaceae, ad 3 urn latae. Setae, hyphopodia et stromata absentia. Conidiophora superficialia, singularia, ex hyphis superficialibus lateriter oriunda, macronematosa, rnononematosa, erecta, recta vel flexuosa, non-rarnosa, laevia, septata, brunnea, versus apicem palliodora, usque 46-312 m longa, 3-5 um lata. Cellulae conidiogenae polyblasticae, in conidiophoris incorporatae, terminales vel intercalares, sympodiales, cylindericae, geniculatae, saepe regeneratione enteroblastica, cicatricati, cicatricibus Ieniter incrassati. Conidia holoblastica, sicca acropleurogena, simplicia vel catenata in catenis plenunque simplicibus formata, obclavato-cylindrica,recta vel leniter curvata, subhyalina vel pallide olivacea, verruculosa, 0-9septata, interdum conshicta, basi obconico truncata, hilo leniter incrassato, versus apicem rotundata et interdum omata cicatrice leniter incrassata, 10-75 NITI longa, 3-3.5 pm lata in partem valde crassam. In foliis vivis Anamirfa paniculafa (Menispermaceae), Chowk forest, Maharajganj, U.P., India, Apr. 1991, A. K. Srivastava, GPU AK-1780 holotypus, HCIO 40822 isotypus, IMI 360900 isotypus. Infection spots hypogenous, blackish-brown, primarily small and circular, coalescing and spreading t o cover most of the
Additions to Stenella
234 in having smooth superficial hyphae, branched and shorter conidiophores and larger conidia with more septa, S. celasfrae differs in having verruculose conidiophores and S. canfhii differs in having markedly shorter conidiophores.
Figs 5-8. Sfenella hippocrafiae. Fig. 5, extemal hyphae; Fig. 6, conidiophores; Fig. 7, conidia; Fig. 8 , infection spots. Scale bars, Figs 5-7 = 20 ym, Fig. 8 = 20 mm.
leaf surface. Colonies hypophyllous, fmely velvety. Mycelium internal to mostly external; external hyphae septate, branched, verruculose, subhyaline to olivaceous and up to 3 prn wide. Setae, hyphopodia and stromata absent. Conidiophores superficial, arising singly as lateral branches of superficial hyphae, macronematous, mononematous, erect, straight to flexuous, unbranched, smooth-walled, septate, brown below and paler towards the apex, 46-312 pm long, 3-5 prn wide. Conidiogenous cells polyblastic, integrated, terminal to intercalary, sympodial, cylindrical, geniculate, often showing enteroblastic proliferative growth, conidiogenous loci cicatrized with scars slightly thickened. Conidia holoblastic, dry, acropleurogenous, simple to catenate, formed in mostly simple chains; obclavato-cylindrical, straight to slightly curved, subhyaline to light olivaceous, verruculose, 0-9septate, sometimes constricted at the septa, conidial base obconicotruncate with slightly thickened hilum, apex rounded and sometimes cicatrized, 10-75 pm long, 3-3-5 pm wide. No species of Sfenella has been previously recorded on the host species or genus in question. However, two species, S. sfephaniae J. M. Yen, A. K. Kar & B. K. Das (1982 a) and S. filiacorae Sarbajna (1990), have been reported on the host family Menispermaceae. Both of these species are stromatic and are different, therefore, from our species. The latter is nonstromatic, producing superficial conidiophores singly and has subhyaline to olivaceous conidia and conidiophores. As such, it is also comparable with S. canfhii J. M. Yen, A. K. Kar & B. K. Das (1982a), S. celasfrae A. N. Rai & Kamal (1990) and S. elaeodendri Kamal, R. P. Singh & P. Kumar (1980 b). These species, however, are distinctly different from our collection due to their following characteristics. Sfenella elaeodendri differs
Stenella hippocratiae K. Srivastava, A. K. Srivastava & Kamal sp. nov. (Figs 5-8) Maculae hypogenae, atrobrunneae, parvae vel irregulariter magnae. Coloniae hypophyllae, effusae. Mycelium intemum vel plerurnque extemum; hyphae extemae septatae, rarnosae, tenuiter vermculosae, subhyalinae vel olivaceae, ad ca 1.5 pm latae. Setae, hyphopodia et stromata absentia. Conidiophora superficialia, singularia, ex hyphis superficialibus lateriter oriunda, macronematosa, mononematosa, erecta, plerumque recta, non-ramosa, laevia, septata, brunnea, versus apicem palliodora, usque 44-165 pm longa, 2.5-3 Nm lata. Cellulae conidiogenae polyblasticae, in conidiophoris incorporatae, plerumque terminales, sympodiales, cylindricae, geniculatae, cicatricati, cicatricibus leniter incrassati. Conidia holoblastica, sicca, acropleurogena, simplicia vel catenata, in catenis plemmque simplicibus formata, obclavato-cylindrica, recta, subhyalina, subtiliter verruculosa, 0-6septata, non constricta. basi attenuata in hilo leniter incrassato; versus apicem leniter attenuata, rotundata et interdum omata circatrice leniter incrassata; 9-41 ym longa, 2.5-3 ym lata. In foliis vivis Hippocrafia arborea (Celastraceae),Barhani, Siddhartha Nagar, U.P., India, Mar. 1991, A. K. Srivastava, GPU AK-1519 holotypus, HCIO 40824 isotypus, IMI 360899 isotypus. Infection spots hypogenous, dark brown, small to irregularly large. Colonies hypophyllous, effuse. Mycelium internal to mostly extemal; extemal hyphae septate, branched, finely verruculose, subhyaline to olivaceous, up to ca 1.5 pm wide. Setae, hyphopodia and stromata absent. Conidiophores superficial, arising singly as lateral branches of superficial hyphae, macronematous, mononematous, erect, mostly straight, unbranched, smooth-walled, septate, brown below and paler towards apex, 44-165 pm long and 2.5-3 pm wide. Conidiogenous cells polyblastic, integrated, mostly terminal, sympodial, cylindrical and geniculate; conidiogenous loci cicatrized with slightly thickened scars. Conidia holoblastic, dry, acropleurogenous, simple to catenate, formed in mostly unbranched chains, obclavato-cylindrical, straight, sub-hyaline, finely verruculose, 04-septate, not constricted at the septa, base attenuated and bearing slightly thickened hilum; apex slightly narrowing, rounded and sometimes cicatrized; 9-41 yrn long and 2.5-3 wide. Only two species of Stenella, S. elaeodendri Kamal, R. P. Singh & P. Kumar (1980 b) and S. celesfrae A. N . Rai & Kamal (1990), have been previously recorded on the host family Celastraceae. However, both differ from our species. In S. elaeodendri external hyphae and conidia are smooth and the conidiophores are branched, and in S. celasfrae fasciculate conidiophores arise from stromata. Some other species of Stenella are non-stromatic and have conidiophores and/or conidia almost similar in size and pigmentation to the present species, namely S. consfricfa Mulder (1982), S. ficina Kamal, P. Kumar & B. Rai (1981), S. laurina (Speg.) M . B. Ellis (1976) and S. scleriae McKenzie (1982). However, in S. constricta the external hyphae is constricted, in S. ficina the external hyphae and conidia are smooth, in S. laurina the conidiophores are branched and in
Kavita Srivastava, A. K. Srivastava and Kamal
235
S sclenae the conidlophores are longer and septation of the conidia is indistinct. Stenella meynae-laxiflorae K. Srivastava, A. K. Srivastava & Kamal sp. nov. (Figs 9-13) Maculae prlmo hypogenae, delnde amphigenae, parvae, brunneae Colonlae hypophyllae, drssemmatae, plus m~nusvepunctlformae, subelevatae, orblculares vel lrregulanter angulares, 1-5 mm latae Mycelium lntemum vel extemurn; hyphae extemae septatae, rarnosae, vermculosae, olivaceae vel brunneae, usque 1.5-4 w latae. Setae et hyphopodla absentla. Stromata superficialia, prosenchymatosa, usque 10-36 w alta, 14-35 w lata. Conidlophora superhcialia, singulana, ex hyphis superhc~allbusIatenter et terminallter vel in fasclculo ex stromate superhclallbus oriunda, semlmacronematosa, erecta vel procumbens, recta vel flexuosa, interdum ramosa, laevea vel verruculosa, brunnea vel atrobrunnea, 0-3 septata, usque 16-52 Dm longa, 3-5.5 w lata Cellulae conidiogenae polyblashcae, in conldrophoris mcorporatae, temnales, lnterdum ~ntercalares, sympo&ales, cyllndncae, clcatr~cat~,cicatnc~bus mcrassatl. Conldla holoblastlca, slcca, aaopleurogena, slmplicla vel catenata, in catenls slmpllclbus vel ramosls formata, cyllndnca vel obclavata, ollvaceo-brunnea, verruculosa, recta vel leniter curvata, 3-12-septata, lnterdum constncta, h~lolemter mcrassato, versus aplcem rotundata vel subacuta et lnterdum omata clcatrice lenlter incrassata; 12-92 pm longa, 2.5-4 w lata. In follls vlvls Meyna laxrflora (Rublaceae), Kusuml forest, Figs 9-13. Stenella meynae-laxlflorae Fig. 9, external hyphae, Fig. Gorakhpur, UP., India, NOV 1991, A K Snvastava, GPU AK-1416 10, stroma, Fig. 11, conldlophores; Fig. 12, conldla; Fig. 13, holotypus, HCIO 30862 ~sotypus,IMI 360898 isotypus lnfectlon spots Scale bars, Flgs 9-12 = 20 pm, Flg 13 = 20 mm Infection spots primarily hypogenous, later amphigenous, small, brown. Colonies hypophyllous, scattered, more or less punctiform, slightly raised, circular to irregularly angular, 1-5 mm wide. Mycelium internal and external; external hyphae septate, branched, venuculose, olivaceous to brown, 1.5-4 pm wide. Setae and hyphopodia absent. Stromata superficial, prosenchyrnatous, often formed against epidermal hairs, 10-36 w high, 14-35 pm wide. Conidiophores superficial, arising singly as lateral branches or apices of external hyphae, or in fascicles from superhcial stromata, semimacronematous, erect or procumbent, straight or flexuous, sometimes branched, smooth-walled or venuculose, brown to dark brown, 16--52 w long, 3-5.5 w wide. Conidiogenous cells polyblastic, integrated, terminal, sometimes becoming intercalary, sympodlal, cylindrical, cicatrized, scars thickened. Conidia holoblastic, dry, acropleurogenous, simple or catenate in unbranched or branched chains, cylindrical to obclavate, olivaceous-brown, venuculose, straight or sometimes slightly curved, 3-12-septate, sometimes constricted at the septa, hilum slightly thickened, apex rounded or subacute and sometimes cicatrized, 12-92 ~ l m long, 2.5-4 Dm wide. No species of Stenella has been previously recorded on the host species or genus in question and among species of Stenella reported on the host family Rubiaceae, only S. xeromph~gena J. M. Yen, A. K. Kar & B. K. Das (1982 6) has superficial stromata, as in our species. In addition, conidiophores arising from stromata together with superficial and solitary conidiophores, as present in our species, are also reported in S. araguata Syd. (Sydow, 1930) and S. celastrae in S. x e r o m ~ h 2 ~ e n a Figs 14-17. Sfenellapentafropldrs. Fig. 14,external hyphae; Fig. 15, A, N. Rai & Kana1 (1990). conidiophores are unbranched and conidia are longer, in conldlophores; Fig. 16,conld~a,Fig. 17,mfectlon spots. Scale bars, S. araguata conidia are significantly shorter and in S. celastrae Figs 14-16 = 20 pm, Flg 1 7 = 20 mrn
Additions to Sfenella
236
conidiophores are longer and unbranched and conidia are wider.
Stenella pentatropidis K. Srivastava, A. K. Srivastava & Kamal sp. nov.
(Figs 14-17)
Maculae amphigenae, supeme grisae, inferne fuscobrunneae, prirno parvae, deinde coalescentes, extensae et partirn rnaiorurn laminae tegentes. Coloniae hypophyllae, subtiliter velutinae, effusae. Mycelium intemurn vel plerumque extemum; hyphae extemae septatae, rarnosae, venuculosae, olivaceae, ad 3 prn latae. Setae, hyphopodia et stromata absentia. Conidiophora superficialia, singularia, ex hyphis superficialibus lateriter oriunda, rnacronernatosa, rnononernatosa, erecta, recta vel flexuosa, non-rarnosa, laevia, septata, brunnea, versus apicern palliodora, usque 70-342 urn longa, 3.5-5 prn lata. Cellulae conidiogenae polyblasticae, in conidiophoris incorporatae, terminales vel intercalares, sympodiales, cylindricae, geniculatae, saepe regeneratione enteroblastica, cicatricati, cicatricibus leniter incrassati. Conidia holoblastica, sicca, acropleurogena, simplicia vel catenata, in catenis plenunque simplicibus fermata, obclavato cylindrica, recta vel leniter curvata, pallide brunnea, venuculosa, 0-28-septata, hilo leniter incrassato, basi obconico truncata, versus apicern rotundata, leniter attenuata et interdurn omata cicatrice leniter incrassata, 26-295 prn longa, 4-5.5 lata. In foliis vivis Penfafropis spirale (Asclepiadaceae), Pakari forest, Maharajganj, U.P., India, Jan. 1990, A. K. Srivastava, GPU AK-1261 holotypus, HCIO 40823 isotypus, IMI 360897 isotypus. Infection spots amphigenous, grey on upper surface, blackishbrown on lower surface, primarily small, scattered, irregularly shaped, then coalescing and spreading to cover most of the leaf surface. Colonies hypophyllous, finely velvety. Mycelium internal to mostly extemal; extemal hyphae septate, branched, venuculose, olivaceous, up to 3 pm wide. Setae, hyphopodia and stromata absent. Conidiophores superficial, arising singly as lateral branches of superficial hyphae, macronematous, mononematous, erect, straight to flexuous, unbranched, smooth-walled, septate, brown below, paler towards apex, 70-342 pm long, 3.5-5 w wide. Conidiogenous cells polyblastic, integrated, terminal to intercalary, sympodial, cylindrical, geniculate, often showing enteroblastic proliferative growth, with 1-10 conidiogenous loci bering slightly thickened scars. Conidia holoblastic, dry, acropleurogenous, simple to catenate in mostly simple chains, obclavato-cylindric, straight to slightly curved, pale brown, venuculose, 0-28septate, mostly not constricted at the septa, base obconicotruncate bearing slightly thickened hilurn, apex rounded, slightly narrowing and sometimes cicatrized, 26-295 pm long, 4-5.5 pm wide. N o species of Sfenella has been previously recorded on the host species or genus in question although four species of (Accepted 5 ]uly 1994)
Sfenella have been recorded on the host family Asclepiadaceae. Sfenella ceropegiae M. S. Patil & Sawant (1991) and S. gongronemafidis (J. M. Yen & Gilles) Deighton (1979) differ in the presence of stromata, while S. cynanchi J. M. Yen, A. K. Kar & B. K. Das ( 1 9 8 2 ~ )and S. felosmae K. Srivastava, A. K. Srivast. & Kamal (1993) differs due to their shorter conidiophores are conidia.
REFERENCES Chaudhary, R., Gupta, C. & Kamal (1991).New species of Heteroconium, Pseudocercospora and Stenelia from India. Mycological Research 95, 107C-1073. Deighton, F. C. (1971).Brown leaf mould of Canavalia caused by Stenella canavaliae (H. & P. Syd.) comb. nov. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 56,411-418. Deighton, F. C. (1979).Studies on Cercospora and allied genera VII. New species and redispositions. Mycological Papers 144, 1-56. Ellis, M. B. (1976).More Dematiaceow Hyphomycetes. CAB International Mycological Institute, Kew, U.K. Hoog de, G. S., Rahman, M. A. & Berkhout, T. (1983).Ramichloridium, Veronaea and Stenella: generic delimitation, new combinations and two new species. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 81,485-490. Kamal, Kumar, P. & Rai, B. (1981).A new interesting hyphomycete from India. Indian lournal of Mycology and Plant Pathology 11, 144-145. Kamal, Rai, B. & Kumar, P. (1980~). A new species of Stenella from India. Current Science 49,234-235. Kamal, Singh, R. P. & Kumar, P. (1980b). Fungi of Gorakhpur XVIII. Stenella. Sydowia 33, 162-166. McKenzie, E. H.C. (1982).New hyphomycetes on monocotyledons. N m Zealand journal of Botany 20, 245-252. Mulder, J. L. (1975).Notes on Stenella. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 65,514-517. Mulder, J. L. (1982).New species and combinations in Stenella. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 79,469-478. Patil, M. S. & Sawant, R. S. (1991).Studies on Hyphomycetes I. Indian Phytopathology 44, 15-20. Rai, A. N. & Kamal (1989).A new Stenella species from India. Mycological Research 93,398-399. Rai, A. N. & Kamal (1990).A new species of Stenella from India. Indian Phytopathology 43,214-216. Sarbajna, K.K. (1990).New foliicolous hyphomyctes from India. journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 14,487-492. Srivastava, K., Srivastava, A. K. & Kamal(1993).New species of Stenella from India. Mycological Research (in press). Sydow, H. (1930).Fungi Venezuelani. Annales Mycologici 28, 29-224. Verrna, R. K. & Kamal (1987).New species of Pseudocercospora, Phaeoisariopsis, Sarcinella and Stenella from Uttar Pradesh, India. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 89,67-72. Yen, J. M., Kar, A. K. & Das, B. K. (1982~). Studies on Hyphomycetes from West Bengal, India I. Cercospora and allied genera of West Bengal, 1. Mycotaxon 16,35-57. Yen, J.M., Kar, A. K. & Das, B. K. (19826).Studies on Hyphornycetes from West Bengal, India 11. Cercospora and allied genera of West Bengal, 2. Mycotaxon 16,58-79. Yen, J.M., Kar, A. K. & Das, B. K. (1982~). Studies on Hyphornycetes from West Bengal, India 111. Cercospora and allied genera of West Bengal, 3. Mycotaxon 16,8C-95.
Mycol. Res. 99 ( 2 ) :233-236 (1995) Printed in Great Britain
Additions to Stenellm from India
KAVITA SRIVASTAVA, A. K. SRIVASTAVA* A N D KAMAL Department of Botany, University of Gorakhpur, Gorakhpur-273009, India
Four new species of Stenella, S. anamirtae on Anamirfa paniculafa, S. hippocrafiae on Hippocrafia arborea, S. meynae-laxij7orae on Meyna laxiflora and S. pentafropidis on Penfatropis spirale, collected from North-Eastem Uttar Pradesh, India are described, illustrated and compared with similar species.
The hyphomycete genus Stenella Syd. (Sydow, 1930) mainly consists of tropical, foliicolous fungi. The generic circumscription was discussed and refined b y Deighton (1971, 1979), Mulder (1975, 1982) and d e Hoog, Rahman & Berkhout
(1983) s o as t o distinguish Stenella from Cladosporiurn, Cercospora, Mycovellosielh and Veronaea. Consequently, the number of species of Sfenella has been expanded considerably in recent years to the extent that about 70 species are n o w known, 11 of which have been described from North-Eastem Uttar Pradesh, India (Kamal et al., 1980a, b; de H o o g ef a]., 1983; Verma & Kamal, 1987; Rai & Kamal, 1989, 1990; Chaudhary et al., 1991; Srivastava et al., 1993). In this communication, four new species of Stenella collected from the same area are described and illustrated.
Stenella anamirtae K. Srivastava, A. K. Srivastava & Kamal sp. nov.
Figs 1-4. Sfenella anamirtae. Fig. 1, external hyphae; Fig. 2 , conidiophores; Fig. 3, conidia, Fig. 4, infection spots. Scale bars, Figs 1-3 = 20 m, Fig. 4 = 20 mm. Corresponding author
(Figs 1-4)
Maculae hypogenae, fuscobrunneae, primo parvae et orbiculares, deinde coalescentes et partim maiorum laminae tegentes. Coloniae hypophyllae, subtiliter velutinae. Mycelium intemurn vel plerurnque externum; hyphae extemae septatae, rarnosae, verruculosae, subhyalinae vel olivaceae, ad 3 urn latae. Setae, hyphopodia et stromata absentia. Conidiophora superficialia, singularia, ex hyphis superficialibus lateriter oriunda, macronematosa, rnononematosa, erecta, recta vel flexuosa, non-rarnosa, laevia, septata, brunnea, versus apicem palliodora, usque 46-312 m longa, 3-5 um lata. Cellulae conidiogenae polyblasticae, in conidiophoris incorporatae, terminales vel intercalares, sympodiales, cylindericae, geniculatae, saepe regeneratione enteroblastica, cicatricati, cicatricibus Ieniter incrassati. Conidia holoblastica, sicca acropleurogena, simplicia vel catenata in catenis plenunque simplicibus formata, obclavato-cylindrica,recta vel leniter curvata, subhyalina vel pallide olivacea, verruculosa, 0-9septata, interdum conshicta, basi obconico truncata, hilo leniter incrassato, versus apicem rotundata et interdum omata cicatrice leniter incrassata, 10-75 NITI longa, 3-3.5 pm lata in partem valde crassam. In foliis vivis Anamirfa paniculafa (Menispermaceae), Chowk forest, Maharajganj, U.P., India, Apr. 1991, A. K. Srivastava, GPU AK-1780 holotypus, HCIO 40822 isotypus, IMI 360900 isotypus. Infection spots hypogenous, blackish-brown, primarily small and circular, coalescing and spreading t o cover most of the
Additions to Stenella
234 in having smooth superficial hyphae, branched and shorter conidiophores and larger conidia with more septa, S. celasfrae differs in having verruculose conidiophores and S. canfhii differs in having markedly shorter conidiophores.
Figs 5-8. Sfenella hippocrafiae. Fig. 5, extemal hyphae; Fig. 6, conidiophores; Fig. 7, conidia; Fig. 8 , infection spots. Scale bars, Figs 5-7 = 20 ym, Fig. 8 = 20 mm.
leaf surface. Colonies hypophyllous, fmely velvety. Mycelium internal to mostly external; external hyphae septate, branched, verruculose, subhyaline to olivaceous and up to 3 prn wide. Setae, hyphopodia and stromata absent. Conidiophores superficial, arising singly as lateral branches of superficial hyphae, macronematous, mononematous, erect, straight to flexuous, unbranched, smooth-walled, septate, brown below and paler towards the apex, 46-312 pm long, 3-5 prn wide. Conidiogenous cells polyblastic, integrated, terminal to intercalary, sympodial, cylindrical, geniculate, often showing enteroblastic proliferative growth, conidiogenous loci cicatrized with scars slightly thickened. Conidia holoblastic, dry, acropleurogenous, simple to catenate, formed in mostly simple chains; obclavato-cylindrical, straight to slightly curved, subhyaline to light olivaceous, verruculose, 0-9septate, sometimes constricted at the septa, conidial base obconicotruncate with slightly thickened hilum, apex rounded and sometimes cicatrized, 10-75 pm long, 3-3-5 pm wide. No species of Sfenella has been previously recorded on the host species or genus in question. However, two species, S. sfephaniae J. M. Yen, A. K. Kar & B. K. Das (1982 a) and S. filiacorae Sarbajna (1990), have been reported on the host family Menispermaceae. Both of these species are stromatic and are different, therefore, from our species. The latter is nonstromatic, producing superficial conidiophores singly and has subhyaline to olivaceous conidia and conidiophores. As such, it is also comparable with S. canfhii J. M. Yen, A. K. Kar & B. K. Das (1982a), S. celasfrae A. N. Rai & Kamal (1990) and S. elaeodendri Kamal, R. P. Singh & P. Kumar (1980 b). These species, however, are distinctly different from our collection due to their following characteristics. Sfenella elaeodendri differs
Stenella hippocratiae K. Srivastava, A. K. Srivastava & Kamal sp. nov. (Figs 5-8) Maculae hypogenae, atrobrunneae, parvae vel irregulariter magnae. Coloniae hypophyllae, effusae. Mycelium intemum vel plerurnque extemum; hyphae extemae septatae, rarnosae, tenuiter vermculosae, subhyalinae vel olivaceae, ad ca 1.5 pm latae. Setae, hyphopodia et stromata absentia. Conidiophora superficialia, singularia, ex hyphis superficialibus lateriter oriunda, macronematosa, mononematosa, erecta, plerumque recta, non-ramosa, laevia, septata, brunnea, versus apicem palliodora, usque 44-165 pm longa, 2.5-3 Nm lata. Cellulae conidiogenae polyblasticae, in conidiophoris incorporatae, plerumque terminales, sympodiales, cylindricae, geniculatae, cicatricati, cicatricibus leniter incrassati. Conidia holoblastica, sicca, acropleurogena, simplicia vel catenata, in catenis plemmque simplicibus formata, obclavato-cylindrica, recta, subhyalina, subtiliter verruculosa, 0-6septata, non constricta. basi attenuata in hilo leniter incrassato; versus apicem leniter attenuata, rotundata et interdum omata circatrice leniter incrassata; 9-41 ym longa, 2.5-3 ym lata. In foliis vivis Hippocrafia arborea (Celastraceae),Barhani, Siddhartha Nagar, U.P., India, Mar. 1991, A. K. Srivastava, GPU AK-1519 holotypus, HCIO 40824 isotypus, IMI 360899 isotypus. Infection spots hypogenous, dark brown, small to irregularly large. Colonies hypophyllous, effuse. Mycelium internal to mostly extemal; extemal hyphae septate, branched, finely verruculose, subhyaline to olivaceous, up to ca 1.5 pm wide. Setae, hyphopodia and stromata absent. Conidiophores superficial, arising singly as lateral branches of superficial hyphae, macronematous, mononematous, erect, mostly straight, unbranched, smooth-walled, septate, brown below and paler towards apex, 44-165 pm long and 2.5-3 pm wide. Conidiogenous cells polyblastic, integrated, mostly terminal, sympodial, cylindrical and geniculate; conidiogenous loci cicatrized with slightly thickened scars. Conidia holoblastic, dry, acropleurogenous, simple to catenate, formed in mostly unbranched chains, obclavato-cylindrical, straight, sub-hyaline, finely verruculose, 04-septate, not constricted at the septa, base attenuated and bearing slightly thickened hilum; apex slightly narrowing, rounded and sometimes cicatrized; 9-41 yrn long and 2.5-3 wide. Only two species of Stenella, S. elaeodendri Kamal, R. P. Singh & P. Kumar (1980 b) and S. celesfrae A. N . Rai & Kamal (1990), have been previously recorded on the host family Celastraceae. However, both differ from our species. In S. elaeodendri external hyphae and conidia are smooth and the conidiophores are branched, and in S. celasfrae fasciculate conidiophores arise from stromata. Some other species of Stenella are non-stromatic and have conidiophores and/or conidia almost similar in size and pigmentation to the present species, namely S. consfricfa Mulder (1982), S. ficina Kamal, P. Kumar & B. Rai (1981), S. laurina (Speg.) M . B. Ellis (1976) and S. scleriae McKenzie (1982). However, in S. constricta the external hyphae is constricted, in S. ficina the external hyphae and conidia are smooth, in S. laurina the conidiophores are branched and in
Kavita Srivastava, A. K. Srivastava and Kamal
235
S sclenae the conidlophores are longer and septation of the conidia is indistinct. Stenella meynae-laxiflorae K. Srivastava, A. K. Srivastava & Kamal sp. nov. (Figs 9-13) Maculae prlmo hypogenae, delnde amphigenae, parvae, brunneae Colonlae hypophyllae, drssemmatae, plus m~nusvepunctlformae, subelevatae, orblculares vel lrregulanter angulares, 1-5 mm latae Mycelium lntemum vel extemurn; hyphae extemae septatae, rarnosae, vermculosae, olivaceae vel brunneae, usque 1.5-4 w latae. Setae et hyphopodla absentla. Stromata superficialia, prosenchymatosa, usque 10-36 w alta, 14-35 w lata. Conidlophora superhcialia, singulana, ex hyphis superhc~allbusIatenter et terminallter vel in fasclculo ex stromate superhclallbus oriunda, semlmacronematosa, erecta vel procumbens, recta vel flexuosa, interdum ramosa, laevea vel verruculosa, brunnea vel atrobrunnea, 0-3 septata, usque 16-52 Dm longa, 3-5.5 w lata Cellulae conidiogenae polyblashcae, in conldrophoris mcorporatae, temnales, lnterdum ~ntercalares, sympo&ales, cyllndncae, clcatr~cat~,cicatnc~bus mcrassatl. Conldla holoblastlca, slcca, aaopleurogena, slmplicla vel catenata, in catenls slmpllclbus vel ramosls formata, cyllndnca vel obclavata, ollvaceo-brunnea, verruculosa, recta vel leniter curvata, 3-12-septata, lnterdum constncta, h~lolemter mcrassato, versus aplcem rotundata vel subacuta et lnterdum omata clcatrice lenlter incrassata; 12-92 pm longa, 2.5-4 w lata. In follls vlvls Meyna laxrflora (Rublaceae), Kusuml forest, Figs 9-13. Stenella meynae-laxlflorae Fig. 9, external hyphae, Fig. Gorakhpur, UP., India, NOV 1991, A K Snvastava, GPU AK-1416 10, stroma, Fig. 11, conldlophores; Fig. 12, conldla; Fig. 13, holotypus, HCIO 30862 ~sotypus,IMI 360898 isotypus lnfectlon spots Scale bars, Flgs 9-12 = 20 pm, Flg 13 = 20 mm Infection spots primarily hypogenous, later amphigenous, small, brown. Colonies hypophyllous, scattered, more or less punctiform, slightly raised, circular to irregularly angular, 1-5 mm wide. Mycelium internal and external; external hyphae septate, branched, venuculose, olivaceous to brown, 1.5-4 pm wide. Setae and hyphopodia absent. Stromata superficial, prosenchyrnatous, often formed against epidermal hairs, 10-36 w high, 14-35 pm wide. Conidiophores superficial, arising singly as lateral branches or apices of external hyphae, or in fascicles from superhcial stromata, semimacronematous, erect or procumbent, straight or flexuous, sometimes branched, smooth-walled or venuculose, brown to dark brown, 16--52 w long, 3-5.5 w wide. Conidiogenous cells polyblastic, integrated, terminal, sometimes becoming intercalary, sympodlal, cylindrical, cicatrized, scars thickened. Conidia holoblastic, dry, acropleurogenous, simple or catenate in unbranched or branched chains, cylindrical to obclavate, olivaceous-brown, venuculose, straight or sometimes slightly curved, 3-12-septate, sometimes constricted at the septa, hilum slightly thickened, apex rounded or subacute and sometimes cicatrized, 12-92 ~ l m long, 2.5-4 Dm wide. No species of Stenella has been previously recorded on the host species or genus in question and among species of Stenella reported on the host family Rubiaceae, only S. xeromph~gena J. M. Yen, A. K. Kar & B. K. Das (1982 6) has superficial stromata, as in our species. In addition, conidiophores arising from stromata together with superficial and solitary conidiophores, as present in our species, are also reported in S. araguata Syd. (Sydow, 1930) and S. celastrae in S. x e r o m ~ h 2 ~ e n a Figs 14-17. Sfenellapentafropldrs. Fig. 14,external hyphae; Fig. 15, A, N. Rai & Kana1 (1990). conidiophores are unbranched and conidia are longer, in conldlophores; Fig. 16,conld~a,Fig. 17,mfectlon spots. Scale bars, S. araguata conidia are significantly shorter and in S. celastrae Figs 14-16 = 20 pm, Flg 1 7 = 20 mrn
Additions to Sfenella
236
conidiophores are longer and unbranched and conidia are wider.
Stenella pentatropidis K. Srivastava, A. K. Srivastava & Kamal sp. nov.
(Figs 14-17)
Maculae amphigenae, supeme grisae, inferne fuscobrunneae, prirno parvae, deinde coalescentes, extensae et partirn rnaiorurn laminae tegentes. Coloniae hypophyllae, subtiliter velutinae, effusae. Mycelium intemurn vel plerumque extemum; hyphae extemae septatae, rarnosae, venuculosae, olivaceae, ad 3 prn latae. Setae, hyphopodia et stromata absentia. Conidiophora superficialia, singularia, ex hyphis superficialibus lateriter oriunda, rnacronernatosa, rnononernatosa, erecta, recta vel flexuosa, non-rarnosa, laevia, septata, brunnea, versus apicern palliodora, usque 70-342 urn longa, 3.5-5 prn lata. Cellulae conidiogenae polyblasticae, in conidiophoris incorporatae, terminales vel intercalares, sympodiales, cylindricae, geniculatae, saepe regeneratione enteroblastica, cicatricati, cicatricibus leniter incrassati. Conidia holoblastica, sicca, acropleurogena, simplicia vel catenata, in catenis plenunque simplicibus fermata, obclavato cylindrica, recta vel leniter curvata, pallide brunnea, venuculosa, 0-28-septata, hilo leniter incrassato, basi obconico truncata, versus apicern rotundata, leniter attenuata et interdurn omata cicatrice leniter incrassata, 26-295 prn longa, 4-5.5 lata. In foliis vivis Penfafropis spirale (Asclepiadaceae), Pakari forest, Maharajganj, U.P., India, Jan. 1990, A. K. Srivastava, GPU AK-1261 holotypus, HCIO 40823 isotypus, IMI 360897 isotypus. Infection spots amphigenous, grey on upper surface, blackishbrown on lower surface, primarily small, scattered, irregularly shaped, then coalescing and spreading to cover most of the leaf surface. Colonies hypophyllous, finely velvety. Mycelium internal to mostly extemal; extemal hyphae septate, branched, venuculose, olivaceous, up to 3 pm wide. Setae, hyphopodia and stromata absent. Conidiophores superficial, arising singly as lateral branches of superficial hyphae, macronematous, mononematous, erect, straight to flexuous, unbranched, smooth-walled, septate, brown below, paler towards apex, 70-342 pm long, 3.5-5 w wide. Conidiogenous cells polyblastic, integrated, terminal to intercalary, sympodial, cylindrical, geniculate, often showing enteroblastic proliferative growth, with 1-10 conidiogenous loci bering slightly thickened scars. Conidia holoblastic, dry, acropleurogenous, simple to catenate in mostly simple chains, obclavato-cylindric, straight to slightly curved, pale brown, venuculose, 0-28septate, mostly not constricted at the septa, base obconicotruncate bearing slightly thickened hilurn, apex rounded, slightly narrowing and sometimes cicatrized, 26-295 pm long, 4-5.5 pm wide. N o species of Sfenella has been previously recorded on the host species or genus in question although four species of (Accepted 5 ]uly 1994)
Sfenella have been recorded on the host family Asclepiadaceae. Sfenella ceropegiae M. S. Patil & Sawant (1991) and S. gongronemafidis (J. M. Yen & Gilles) Deighton (1979) differ in the presence of stromata, while S. cynanchi J. M. Yen, A. K. Kar & B. K. Das ( 1 9 8 2 ~ )and S. felosmae K. Srivastava, A. K. Srivast. & Kamal (1993) differs due to their shorter conidiophores are conidia.
REFERENCES Chaudhary, R., Gupta, C. & Kamal (1991).New species of Heteroconium, Pseudocercospora and Stenelia from India. Mycological Research 95, 107C-1073. Deighton, F. C. (1971).Brown leaf mould of Canavalia caused by Stenella canavaliae (H. & P. Syd.) comb. nov. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 56,411-418. Deighton, F. C. (1979).Studies on Cercospora and allied genera VII. New species and redispositions. Mycological Papers 144, 1-56. Ellis, M. B. (1976).More Dematiaceow Hyphomycetes. CAB International Mycological Institute, Kew, U.K. Hoog de, G. S., Rahman, M. A. & Berkhout, T. (1983).Ramichloridium, Veronaea and Stenella: generic delimitation, new combinations and two new species. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 81,485-490. Kamal, Kumar, P. & Rai, B. (1981).A new interesting hyphomycete from India. Indian lournal of Mycology and Plant Pathology 11, 144-145. Kamal, Rai, B. & Kumar, P. (1980~). A new species of Stenella from India. Current Science 49,234-235. Kamal, Singh, R. P. & Kumar, P. (1980b). Fungi of Gorakhpur XVIII. Stenella. Sydowia 33, 162-166. McKenzie, E. H.C. (1982).New hyphomycetes on monocotyledons. N m Zealand journal of Botany 20, 245-252. Mulder, J. L. (1975).Notes on Stenella. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 65,514-517. Mulder, J. L. (1982).New species and combinations in Stenella. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 79,469-478. Patil, M. S. & Sawant, R. S. (1991).Studies on Hyphomycetes I. Indian Phytopathology 44, 15-20. Rai, A. N. & Kamal (1989).A new Stenella species from India. Mycological Research 93,398-399. Rai, A. N. & Kamal (1990).A new species of Stenella from India. Indian Phytopathology 43,214-216. Sarbajna, K.K. (1990).New foliicolous hyphomyctes from India. journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 14,487-492. Srivastava, K., Srivastava, A. K. & Kamal(1993).New species of Stenella from India. Mycological Research (in press). Sydow, H. (1930).Fungi Venezuelani. Annales Mycologici 28, 29-224. Verrna, R. K. & Kamal (1987).New species of Pseudocercospora, Phaeoisariopsis, Sarcinella and Stenella from Uttar Pradesh, India. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 89,67-72. Yen, J. M., Kar, A. K. & Das, B. K. (1982~). Studies on Hyphomycetes from West Bengal, India I. Cercospora and allied genera of West Bengal, 1. Mycotaxon 16,35-57. Yen, J.M., Kar, A. K. & Das, B. K. (19826).Studies on Hyphornycetes from West Bengal, India 11. Cercospora and allied genera of West Bengal, 2. Mycotaxon 16,58-79. Yen, J.M., Kar, A. K. & Das, B. K. (1982~). Studies on Hyphornycetes from West Bengal, India 111. Cercospora and allied genera of West Bengal, 3. Mycotaxon 16,8C-95.