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An introduction to crystal chemistry
BOOK
REVIEWS.
[J.
I?. I.
from cow’s milk, differentiating it from the substance from the milk of other mammals. Further, in this book, casein is a general term that includes paracasein; when it is desired to exclude paracasein the term acid casein is used. The treatment starts with a discussion of casein in milk and the different methods of its isolation, followed by the organic chemistry of casein. The present evidence that casein is a mixture rather than a chemical individual is reviewed in a chapter on the physical chemistry of it. Here, a feature is found which points to the limitations of knowledge of the subject as it now exists. Various possibilities are suggested as to its exact nature and the need for reinterpretation of the literature is mentioned. A portion of the book is devoted to the changes in manufacture which resulted in improvement of the product since 1927. This includes the equipment required as well as the processes. Testing and analysis for various properties of commercial value is next described which is followed by consideration as to the place and conditions of storage for an extended period of time, from six months to two and one half years. The development of casein plastic material is covered to some detailed extent although aside from the button industry, progress has been slow in the United States. Citations from literature of Europe and America are made with reference to manufacture and formation, but recent European development is not considered, with the exception of mention as to where such information may be obtained. Casein in glues, paper making, paints, and in the leather industry are all separately taken up before alimentary and medical uses, and miscellaneous uses. At the end of the book a few pages are devoted to statistics on production, imports, and consumption but only in-so-far as to give a rough idea as to the condition of the industry up to and including 1937, and not as to detailed specific information. This is made obvious, since such data is usually supplied from the proper sources periodically. This American Chemical Society Monograph follows the pattern of other works in the series-a compilation and abstraction of the literature of the world including patent literature, and the molding of this into an account of the present status of the subject. Each chapter is presented by authors who have close association with its coverage. The comprehensive subject index adds greatly to its value. R. H. OPPERMANN. AN INTRODUCTIONTO CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY, by R. C. Evans. tions, 15 X 22 ems. New York, Cambridge University
388 pages, illustraPress, 1939.
The study of crystal chemistry as a science is rapidly becoming more popular for several reasons. Speculations on the internal structure of crystals, based on chemical valency theories, were made long ago and discussed time and again. With the advent of new discoveries in other fields and the resulting means for investigation of crystals, an impetus was given to the study. The most important of these was the use of the X-ray in crystal analysis which threw valuable light on the question of the nature of inter-atomic forces and the atomic configuration of molecules. Today the situation is that crystal structures have been experimentally investigated which range over the whore field of inorganic, organic and even biological chemistry and the study now aims at interpreting the properties of any substance in terms of its crystal structure.
July,
1939.1
BOOK
REVIEWS.
121
This book is a text of an introductory nature, suitable for chemists with no specialized crystallographic training. It opens with an elementary and purely qualitative account of the nature and properties of the several types of interatomic binding force. The picture brought out of the treatment of the ionic bond as arising from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions is further considered in a quantitative treatment of the coverage, since the development of the method of X-ray analysis. A more systematic account of the same field is taken up in Part II which covers the rest of the book, some 276 pages compared with 89 pages in Part I. This section has for its aim the investigation of the relationships which exist between the structure and the chemical constitution of crystalline substances and it begins by illustrating some of the general features of metal structures by reference to those of the metallic elements. Then these features are exemplified in The logic of this order of presentagreater detail by a study of the alloy systems. tion is shown as offering the practical advantage of enabling the structural characteristics of the metallic bond to be discussed in the first instance in terms of relatively simple systems. Subsequently the topic of the structure of homopolar compounds is discussed, followed by ionic compounds using the conception of the electrostatic valency of a bond as the basis of classification of ionic crystals first before proceeding to the more complex structures where several different cations occur combined with anions of the same or similar types. Ionic compounds of many structures and those containing hydrogen are coverages showing how wide a part of the whole field of inorganic chemistry is included in their study. The topic of molecular compounds completes the book. The book is an excellent text for those qualified to follow it. It is a review of the field in quite some detail and it reveals the large part of the whole realm of chemical science that falls within the scope of crystal chemistry. References are made to the results obtained by many investigators, throughout the work. At the end there is a bibliography and a subject index. R. H. OPPERMANN. P~vsrc.4~ CONSTANTSOF HYDROCARBONS,by Gustav Egloff. Volume I, Paraffins, Olefins, Acetylenes, and other Aliphatic Hydrocarbons. 430 pages, 16 X 24 ems. Kew York, Reinhold Publishing Corporation, 1939. Price $9.00. .A tremendous amount of research and development work has been performed in the field of hydrocarbon chemistry in recent years, from which there are products both finished and for use in processing. The indications are at the present time that much more can be derived from a knowledge of hydrocarbons. It is now the program to plan a more concerted and orderly attack on the problem and one of the tools in doing this is to have at hand a ready source of physical constants of high order of accuracy and completeness. Of late, efforts have been made in investigation as well as library research to bring together new and existing data on this subject but the work has been widely scattered and incomplete when considering all classes of hydrocarbons. This book is Volume 1 of a set of four volumes all belonging to the American Chemical Society Monograph Series. It covers the paraffin, olefins, acetylenes and other aliphatic hydrocarbons, giving a critical review and the most reliable \o,.. 228, NO. 1363-g
REVIEWS.
[J.
I?. I.
from cow’s milk, differentiating it from the substance from the milk of other mammals. Further, in this book, casein is a general term that includes paracasein; when it is desired to exclude paracasein the term acid casein is used. The treatment starts with a discussion of casein in milk and the different methods of its isolation, followed by the organic chemistry of casein. The present evidence that casein is a mixture rather than a chemical individual is reviewed in a chapter on the physical chemistry of it. Here, a feature is found which points to the limitations of knowledge of the subject as it now exists. Various possibilities are suggested as to its exact nature and the need for reinterpretation of the literature is mentioned. A portion of the book is devoted to the changes in manufacture which resulted in improvement of the product since 1927. This includes the equipment required as well as the processes. Testing and analysis for various properties of commercial value is next described which is followed by consideration as to the place and conditions of storage for an extended period of time, from six months to two and one half years. The development of casein plastic material is covered to some detailed extent although aside from the button industry, progress has been slow in the United States. Citations from literature of Europe and America are made with reference to manufacture and formation, but recent European development is not considered, with the exception of mention as to where such information may be obtained. Casein in glues, paper making, paints, and in the leather industry are all separately taken up before alimentary and medical uses, and miscellaneous uses. At the end of the book a few pages are devoted to statistics on production, imports, and consumption but only in-so-far as to give a rough idea as to the condition of the industry up to and including 1937, and not as to detailed specific information. This is made obvious, since such data is usually supplied from the proper sources periodically. This American Chemical Society Monograph follows the pattern of other works in the series-a compilation and abstraction of the literature of the world including patent literature, and the molding of this into an account of the present status of the subject. Each chapter is presented by authors who have close association with its coverage. The comprehensive subject index adds greatly to its value. R. H. OPPERMANN. AN INTRODUCTIONTO CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY, by R. C. Evans. tions, 15 X 22 ems. New York, Cambridge University
388 pages, illustraPress, 1939.
The study of crystal chemistry as a science is rapidly becoming more popular for several reasons. Speculations on the internal structure of crystals, based on chemical valency theories, were made long ago and discussed time and again. With the advent of new discoveries in other fields and the resulting means for investigation of crystals, an impetus was given to the study. The most important of these was the use of the X-ray in crystal analysis which threw valuable light on the question of the nature of inter-atomic forces and the atomic configuration of molecules. Today the situation is that crystal structures have been experimentally investigated which range over the whore field of inorganic, organic and even biological chemistry and the study now aims at interpreting the properties of any substance in terms of its crystal structure.
July,
1939.1
BOOK
REVIEWS.
121
This book is a text of an introductory nature, suitable for chemists with no specialized crystallographic training. It opens with an elementary and purely qualitative account of the nature and properties of the several types of interatomic binding force. The picture brought out of the treatment of the ionic bond as arising from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions is further considered in a quantitative treatment of the coverage, since the development of the method of X-ray analysis. A more systematic account of the same field is taken up in Part II which covers the rest of the book, some 276 pages compared with 89 pages in Part I. This section has for its aim the investigation of the relationships which exist between the structure and the chemical constitution of crystalline substances and it begins by illustrating some of the general features of metal structures by reference to those of the metallic elements. Then these features are exemplified in The logic of this order of presentagreater detail by a study of the alloy systems. tion is shown as offering the practical advantage of enabling the structural characteristics of the metallic bond to be discussed in the first instance in terms of relatively simple systems. Subsequently the topic of the structure of homopolar compounds is discussed, followed by ionic compounds using the conception of the electrostatic valency of a bond as the basis of classification of ionic crystals first before proceeding to the more complex structures where several different cations occur combined with anions of the same or similar types. Ionic compounds of many structures and those containing hydrogen are coverages showing how wide a part of the whole field of inorganic chemistry is included in their study. The topic of molecular compounds completes the book. The book is an excellent text for those qualified to follow it. It is a review of the field in quite some detail and it reveals the large part of the whole realm of chemical science that falls within the scope of crystal chemistry. References are made to the results obtained by many investigators, throughout the work. At the end there is a bibliography and a subject index. R. H. OPPERMANN. P~vsrc.4~ CONSTANTSOF HYDROCARBONS,by Gustav Egloff. Volume I, Paraffins, Olefins, Acetylenes, and other Aliphatic Hydrocarbons. 430 pages, 16 X 24 ems. Kew York, Reinhold Publishing Corporation, 1939. Price $9.00. .A tremendous amount of research and development work has been performed in the field of hydrocarbon chemistry in recent years, from which there are products both finished and for use in processing. The indications are at the present time that much more can be derived from a knowledge of hydrocarbons. It is now the program to plan a more concerted and orderly attack on the problem and one of the tools in doing this is to have at hand a ready source of physical constants of high order of accuracy and completeness. Of late, efforts have been made in investigation as well as library research to bring together new and existing data on this subject but the work has been widely scattered and incomplete when considering all classes of hydrocarbons. This book is Volume 1 of a set of four volumes all belonging to the American Chemical Society Monograph Series. It covers the paraffin, olefins, acetylenes and other aliphatic hydrocarbons, giving a critical review and the most reliable \o,.. 228, NO. 1363-g