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Answers linked to Kingston L, O'Connell NH, Dunne CP. Hand hygiene-related clinical trials reported since 2010: a systematic review. J Hosp Infect 2016;92:309–320
Journal of Hospital Infection 94 (2016) 191e192 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
Journal of Hospital Infection journal homepage: www.elsevierhealth.com/journals/jhin
Continuing Professional Development and the Journal of Hospital Infection
Answers linked to Kingston L, O’Connell NH, Dunne CP. Hand hygiene-related clinical trials reported since 2010: a systematic review. J Hosp Infect 2016;92:309e320 Available online 28 June 2016
1. Hand hygiene compliance studies have been conducted across various clinical settings. What is the most frequent clinical setting within which such studies were completed? (a) (b) (c) (d)
Care of the elderly setting. Intensive care unit. Primary healthcare centre. Medical ward. Answer: (b). Our study identified the intensive care unit (ICU) as the type of clinical setting in which the most hand hygiene compliance studies were performed. ICU settings accounted for 135 of the 299 clinical settings identified in published studies, comprising 113 adult ICUs, 11 neonatal ICUs, nine paediatric ICUs, and two step-down ICUs.
2. Multi-modal hand hygiene compliance intervention strategies are advocated. A number of such interventions were identified in this review, including education, reminder materials, alcohol-based hand-rub (supply and consumption monitoring), performance feedback, leadership and management support, and a team approach. How many reported studies engaged all six interventions? (a) (b) (c) (d)
Fourteen. Three. One. Seven.
Answer: (c). Our review identified only one study that adopted all six hand hygiene compliance interventions: Huis A, Schoonhoven L, Grol R, Donders R, Hulscher M, van Achterberg T. Impact of a team and leaders-directed strategy to improve nurses’ adherence to hand hygiene guidelines: a cluster randomised trial. Int J Nurs Stud 2013;50:464‒474. 3. Which category of healthcare worker accounted for the largest sample size participating in hand hygiene compliance studies? (a) (b) (c) (d)
Doctor. Nurse. Healthcare assistant. Physiotherapist. Answer: (b). Our review identified two studies in which more than 2000 nurses participated in hand hygiene compliance studies: Huis A, Schoonhoven L, Grol R, Donders R, Hulscher M, van Achterberg T. Impact of a team and leaders-directed strategy to improve nurses’ adherence to hand hygiene guidelines: a cluster randomised trial. Int J Nurs Stud 2013;50:464‒474. Linam WM, Margolis PA, Atherton H, Connelly BL. Quality improvement initiative sustains improvement in pediatric healthcare worker hand hygiene. Pediatrics 2011;128:689‒698.
Summarizing the instructions from the Royal College of Pathologists: (1) One CPD point is allowed for each question and answer set (up to five questions and answers). (2) Answers must be recorded referenced back to the questions and recorded in the CPD portfolio. (3) It is essential that participants include the completed response form showing both questions and answers in their portfolio as these may be subject to audit by RCPath. For further information about the Royal College of Pathologists’ CPD scheme and credit allocation, please contact: Professional Standards Unit, CPD Section, Royal College of Pathologists, 2 Carlton House Terrace, London, SW1Y 5AF, UK. E-mail: [email protected] or visit http://www.rcpath.org
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2016.06.013 0195-6701/ª 2016 The Healthcare Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
192
CPD / Journal of Hospital Infection 94 (2016) 191e192
4. Hand hygiene compliance outcomes improved following intervention in studies where before-and-after intervention hand hygiene compliance rates were reported. The net improvement calculated was which of the following? (a) 78.23%. (b) 53.60%.
(c) 35.13%. (d) 22.88%. Answer: (d). Our review calculated a mean hand hygiene compliance rate of 34.1% before interventions rising to 56.98% following interventions, yielding a mean net improvement of 22.88%.
Journal of Hospital Infection journal homepage: www.elsevierhealth.com/journals/jhin
Continuing Professional Development and the Journal of Hospital Infection
Answers linked to Kingston L, O’Connell NH, Dunne CP. Hand hygiene-related clinical trials reported since 2010: a systematic review. J Hosp Infect 2016;92:309e320 Available online 28 June 2016
1. Hand hygiene compliance studies have been conducted across various clinical settings. What is the most frequent clinical setting within which such studies were completed? (a) (b) (c) (d)
Care of the elderly setting. Intensive care unit. Primary healthcare centre. Medical ward. Answer: (b). Our study identified the intensive care unit (ICU) as the type of clinical setting in which the most hand hygiene compliance studies were performed. ICU settings accounted for 135 of the 299 clinical settings identified in published studies, comprising 113 adult ICUs, 11 neonatal ICUs, nine paediatric ICUs, and two step-down ICUs.
2. Multi-modal hand hygiene compliance intervention strategies are advocated. A number of such interventions were identified in this review, including education, reminder materials, alcohol-based hand-rub (supply and consumption monitoring), performance feedback, leadership and management support, and a team approach. How many reported studies engaged all six interventions? (a) (b) (c) (d)
Fourteen. Three. One. Seven.
Answer: (c). Our review identified only one study that adopted all six hand hygiene compliance interventions: Huis A, Schoonhoven L, Grol R, Donders R, Hulscher M, van Achterberg T. Impact of a team and leaders-directed strategy to improve nurses’ adherence to hand hygiene guidelines: a cluster randomised trial. Int J Nurs Stud 2013;50:464‒474. 3. Which category of healthcare worker accounted for the largest sample size participating in hand hygiene compliance studies? (a) (b) (c) (d)
Doctor. Nurse. Healthcare assistant. Physiotherapist. Answer: (b). Our review identified two studies in which more than 2000 nurses participated in hand hygiene compliance studies: Huis A, Schoonhoven L, Grol R, Donders R, Hulscher M, van Achterberg T. Impact of a team and leaders-directed strategy to improve nurses’ adherence to hand hygiene guidelines: a cluster randomised trial. Int J Nurs Stud 2013;50:464‒474. Linam WM, Margolis PA, Atherton H, Connelly BL. Quality improvement initiative sustains improvement in pediatric healthcare worker hand hygiene. Pediatrics 2011;128:689‒698.
Summarizing the instructions from the Royal College of Pathologists: (1) One CPD point is allowed for each question and answer set (up to five questions and answers). (2) Answers must be recorded referenced back to the questions and recorded in the CPD portfolio. (3) It is essential that participants include the completed response form showing both questions and answers in their portfolio as these may be subject to audit by RCPath. For further information about the Royal College of Pathologists’ CPD scheme and credit allocation, please contact: Professional Standards Unit, CPD Section, Royal College of Pathologists, 2 Carlton House Terrace, London, SW1Y 5AF, UK. E-mail: [email protected] or visit http://www.rcpath.org
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2016.06.013 0195-6701/ª 2016 The Healthcare Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
192
CPD / Journal of Hospital Infection 94 (2016) 191e192
4. Hand hygiene compliance outcomes improved following intervention in studies where before-and-after intervention hand hygiene compliance rates were reported. The net improvement calculated was which of the following? (a) 78.23%. (b) 53.60%.
(c) 35.13%. (d) 22.88%. Answer: (d). Our review calculated a mean hand hygiene compliance rate of 34.1% before interventions rising to 56.98% following interventions, yielding a mean net improvement of 22.88%.