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Anthropometric study of Iranian steel workers
the men are in good health they are examined annually. Assessment includes a full clinical examination, respiratory function test, chest x-ray and an electrocardiogram done before and after a modified Master's Test. Latterly it has been suspected that while this examination would demonstrate any obvious physical disability or disease it would not indicate the subject's degree of physical fitness. Accordingly, a more precise test (the Harvard Pack Test) was added to the medical examination at one station in 1975. The evaluation of the physical fitness of 91 men as assessed using the new regime is reported.
age after the age of 50. The work strain of mail carriers of over 50 years of age, especially of older women carriers in suburban areas, was concluded to be high enough to lead to possible excessive strain on the workers. 9.3.14 (73934)
Bolton, C.B. e t al An anthropometric survey of 2000 Royal Air Force aircrew, 1970/1971. 1975, 132 pp. Abstr in: Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports (Report No ARC-R/M-3772; RAE-TR-73083; ARC-35030; ISBN-O11-470917-3).
The survey was undertaken to provide up-to-date information on the body measurements of Royal Air 9.3.12 (73925) Force aircrew. This information is Rogowsky, M. et al required for cockpit workspace and Ergonomic study of static and functional-clothing-sizing studies. A combined work in men and women. team of two trained measurers, using (Etude Ergonomique du Travail a specially designed anthropometric Statique et Combine chez l'Homme et rig, took 62 body measurements of chez la Femme). (In French.) Cahiers each of 2000 Royal Air Force aircrew de Medecine du Travail - Cahiers voor between the ages of 18 and 45 at Arbeidsgeneeskunde, Mar 1977, 14.1, RAF stations in England. The 3 3 - 4 4 . Abstr in: CIS Abstracts measurements are summarized in the (CIS 77-1772). form of a percentile table, mean standard deviation, range and coefficient Studies in 10 men and 10 women working at an assembly line and subjected of variation for each measurement. The statistical summary for each to dynamic work with low energy measurement is accompanied by a expenditure combined with brief photograph illustrating the technique repeated static efforts (30% then 50% of measurement together with a written of the maximum voluntary contraction description of the measuring procedure. (MVC), then 30 kg). Cardiovascular The apparatus used is fully described adaption to a static effort requiring the and the organization of the survey is same proportion of MVC showed less briefly discussed. acceleration of the heart rate in men than in women, but the rise in systolic blood pressure was much greater in 9.3.15 (73937) men. The hypothesis of a different Shahnawaz, H., and Davies, B.T. mode of catecholamine activity Anthropometric study of Iranian according to sex is proposed to explain steel workers. Ergonomics, 1977, these differences in cardiovascular 20.6, 6 5 1 - 6 5 8 . response to a given static muscular load. The permissible static load for women The anthropometry of 400 Iranian is 15-30%; "this latter figure should not steel workers in standing and sitting be exceeded in repetitive work. positions was studied. The sample 9.3.13 (73928) Oja, P., Louhevaara, V., and Korhonen, O. Age and sex as determinants of the relative aerobic strain of nonmotorized mail delivery. Scandinavian Journal o f Work, E n v i r o n m e n t and Health,
Dec 1977, 3.4, 2 2 5 - 2 3 3 . The relative aerobic strain (RAS) of nonmotorized mail delivery was assessed in 54 Finnish mail carriers who represented both sexes, the entire work range and both downtown and suburban delivery districts. The mean RAS of the entire delivery time was 55% of the maximal oxygen uptake (ml/kg rain). It was higher for women than for men, and higher for suburban than for downtown delivery. The RAS tended to increase systematically with
was randomly selected from a total population of 8000 manual workers in the age range from 20 to 60 years. Thirty-eight measurements were taken on each subject, chosen for their importance in equipment design and workplace layout. Results are presented and compared with some anthropometric studies carried out in Iran and other countries. 9.3.16 (73940) Konz, S. Maximal pedal forces exertable by weak females. Gateways to the Future; Proceedings of the 21st Annual Meeting of the Human Factors Society, San Fransisco, California, October 1 7 - 2 0 , 1977, pp 2 1 6 - 2 2 0 . The maximum capability of weak females to actuate manual brake
systems and power brake systems with power failure depends upon a number of variables. The following variables are discussed and preliminary conclusions made on the quantitative effect: percentile of population to be covered, sex, age, force within a trial, repeated trials, left vs right foot, static vs moving vehicle, location of pedal to driver and seat, and preferred seat location. Using many assumptions and skimpy data, a 5% USA female seated in a properly adjusted seat will for a panic stop exert about 215 N in a moving full size USA vehicle with power brake failure. 9.3.17 (73953)
Rodahl, K., and Vokac, Z. Work stress in Norwegian trawler fishermen. Ergonomics, Nov 1977, 20.6, 6 3 3 - 6 4 2 . Work stress associated with modern trawler fishing was investigated on board two medium-size (298 GRT) Norwegian stern trawlers. The circulatory strain and, indirectly, the work load were assessed by computerised analysis of the continuously recorded (portable tape recorders) heart rate in six subjects working in regular 6 h shifts. The duration of actual work in four deckhands and a trawl foreman amounted to 3 3 - 4 1 % of the 24 h schedule and taxed, on the average, 3 0 - 3 8 % of their heart rate reserve (equivalent of an oxygen uptake 0"9-1.1 1/min), with peaks up to 80%. The mean work load of a skipper, whose work was sedentary, corresponded to 20% of his heart rate reserve. The regular patterns of activity as well as the average energy expenditure were quite similar in the two trawlers examined and there was a high degree of reproducibility in the circulatory strain in the same subject in different on-duty shifts. The average energy expenditure for a 24 h period, as well as the urinary catecholamine excretion rates were lower than in coastal fishermen. It is evident that apart from the long absences from home the work on bo::rd a modern trawler can be in many respects quite similar to work places ashore.
Visual displays 9.3.18 (?396?)
Barker, E., and Krebs, M.J. Colour coding effects on human performance: An annotated bibliography. Final Report. Apr 1977, 96 pp. Abstr in: Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports (Report No AD-A039318; HONEYWELL-77SRC39; ONR-CR-213136-1F).
Applied Ergonomics September 1978
181
age after the age of 50. The work strain of mail carriers of over 50 years of age, especially of older women carriers in suburban areas, was concluded to be high enough to lead to possible excessive strain on the workers. 9.3.14 (73934)
Bolton, C.B. e t al An anthropometric survey of 2000 Royal Air Force aircrew, 1970/1971. 1975, 132 pp. Abstr in: Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports (Report No ARC-R/M-3772; RAE-TR-73083; ARC-35030; ISBN-O11-470917-3).
The survey was undertaken to provide up-to-date information on the body measurements of Royal Air 9.3.12 (73925) Force aircrew. This information is Rogowsky, M. et al required for cockpit workspace and Ergonomic study of static and functional-clothing-sizing studies. A combined work in men and women. team of two trained measurers, using (Etude Ergonomique du Travail a specially designed anthropometric Statique et Combine chez l'Homme et rig, took 62 body measurements of chez la Femme). (In French.) Cahiers each of 2000 Royal Air Force aircrew de Medecine du Travail - Cahiers voor between the ages of 18 and 45 at Arbeidsgeneeskunde, Mar 1977, 14.1, RAF stations in England. The 3 3 - 4 4 . Abstr in: CIS Abstracts measurements are summarized in the (CIS 77-1772). form of a percentile table, mean standard deviation, range and coefficient Studies in 10 men and 10 women working at an assembly line and subjected of variation for each measurement. The statistical summary for each to dynamic work with low energy measurement is accompanied by a expenditure combined with brief photograph illustrating the technique repeated static efforts (30% then 50% of measurement together with a written of the maximum voluntary contraction description of the measuring procedure. (MVC), then 30 kg). Cardiovascular The apparatus used is fully described adaption to a static effort requiring the and the organization of the survey is same proportion of MVC showed less briefly discussed. acceleration of the heart rate in men than in women, but the rise in systolic blood pressure was much greater in 9.3.15 (73937) men. The hypothesis of a different Shahnawaz, H., and Davies, B.T. mode of catecholamine activity Anthropometric study of Iranian according to sex is proposed to explain steel workers. Ergonomics, 1977, these differences in cardiovascular 20.6, 6 5 1 - 6 5 8 . response to a given static muscular load. The permissible static load for women The anthropometry of 400 Iranian is 15-30%; "this latter figure should not steel workers in standing and sitting be exceeded in repetitive work. positions was studied. The sample 9.3.13 (73928) Oja, P., Louhevaara, V., and Korhonen, O. Age and sex as determinants of the relative aerobic strain of nonmotorized mail delivery. Scandinavian Journal o f Work, E n v i r o n m e n t and Health,
Dec 1977, 3.4, 2 2 5 - 2 3 3 . The relative aerobic strain (RAS) of nonmotorized mail delivery was assessed in 54 Finnish mail carriers who represented both sexes, the entire work range and both downtown and suburban delivery districts. The mean RAS of the entire delivery time was 55% of the maximal oxygen uptake (ml/kg rain). It was higher for women than for men, and higher for suburban than for downtown delivery. The RAS tended to increase systematically with
was randomly selected from a total population of 8000 manual workers in the age range from 20 to 60 years. Thirty-eight measurements were taken on each subject, chosen for their importance in equipment design and workplace layout. Results are presented and compared with some anthropometric studies carried out in Iran and other countries. 9.3.16 (73940) Konz, S. Maximal pedal forces exertable by weak females. Gateways to the Future; Proceedings of the 21st Annual Meeting of the Human Factors Society, San Fransisco, California, October 1 7 - 2 0 , 1977, pp 2 1 6 - 2 2 0 . The maximum capability of weak females to actuate manual brake
systems and power brake systems with power failure depends upon a number of variables. The following variables are discussed and preliminary conclusions made on the quantitative effect: percentile of population to be covered, sex, age, force within a trial, repeated trials, left vs right foot, static vs moving vehicle, location of pedal to driver and seat, and preferred seat location. Using many assumptions and skimpy data, a 5% USA female seated in a properly adjusted seat will for a panic stop exert about 215 N in a moving full size USA vehicle with power brake failure. 9.3.17 (73953)
Rodahl, K., and Vokac, Z. Work stress in Norwegian trawler fishermen. Ergonomics, Nov 1977, 20.6, 6 3 3 - 6 4 2 . Work stress associated with modern trawler fishing was investigated on board two medium-size (298 GRT) Norwegian stern trawlers. The circulatory strain and, indirectly, the work load were assessed by computerised analysis of the continuously recorded (portable tape recorders) heart rate in six subjects working in regular 6 h shifts. The duration of actual work in four deckhands and a trawl foreman amounted to 3 3 - 4 1 % of the 24 h schedule and taxed, on the average, 3 0 - 3 8 % of their heart rate reserve (equivalent of an oxygen uptake 0"9-1.1 1/min), with peaks up to 80%. The mean work load of a skipper, whose work was sedentary, corresponded to 20% of his heart rate reserve. The regular patterns of activity as well as the average energy expenditure were quite similar in the two trawlers examined and there was a high degree of reproducibility in the circulatory strain in the same subject in different on-duty shifts. The average energy expenditure for a 24 h period, as well as the urinary catecholamine excretion rates were lower than in coastal fishermen. It is evident that apart from the long absences from home the work on bo::rd a modern trawler can be in many respects quite similar to work places ashore.
Visual displays 9.3.18 (?396?)
Barker, E., and Krebs, M.J. Colour coding effects on human performance: An annotated bibliography. Final Report. Apr 1977, 96 pp. Abstr in: Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports (Report No AD-A039318; HONEYWELL-77SRC39; ONR-CR-213136-1F).
Applied Ergonomics September 1978
181