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Antibacterial activity of Syzygium cumini and Syzygium travancoricum leaf essential oils
Fitoterapia 73 Ž2002. 414᎐416
Short report
Antibacterial activity of Syzygium cumini and Syzygium tra¨ancoricum leaf essential oils P.M. Shafi a,U , M.K. Rosammaa , Kaiser Jamil b, P.S. Reddy b a
b
Department of Chemistry, Calicut Uni¨ ersity, Kerala, 673 635, India Biology and Biotechnology Di¨ ision, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 007, India Received 16 July 2001; accepted in revised form 18 May 2002
Abstract The leaf essential oils of Syzygium cumini and Syzygium tra¨ ancoricum were tested for their antibacterial property. The activity of S. cumini essential oil was found to be good, while that of S. tra¨ ancoricum was moderate. 䊚 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Syzygium cumini; Syzygium tra¨ ancoricum; Essential oil; Antibacterial activity
Plant. Syzygium cumini ŽL.. Skeels and Syzygium tra¨ ancoricum Gamble ŽMyrtaceae., leaves were collected in June from Kerala, South India and authenticated by Dr A.K. Pradeep, Department of Botany, Calicut University. Voucher specimens are deposited at the herbarium, Department of Chemistry, Calicut University. Uses in traditional medicine. S. cumini has been used against dysentry w1x, to treat inflammation w2x and diabetes mellitus w3x. No traditional use is reported for S. tra¨ ancoricum. U
Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] ŽP.M. Shafi..
0367-326Xr02r$ - see front matter 䊚 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PII: S 0 3 6 7 - 3 2 6 X Ž 0 2 . 0 0 1 3 1 - 4
P.M. Shafi et al. r Fitoterapia 73 (2002) 414᎐416
415
Previously isolated classes of constituents. Essential oil w4x, alkanes w5x and organic acids w5x. Tested material. Essential oils Žyield: 0.04% from S. cumini and 0.1% from S. tra¨ ancoricum). S. cumini major components: pinocarveol Ž15.1., ␣-terpeneol Ž8.9., myrtenol Ž8.3., eucarvone Ž6.6., muurolol Ž6.4., myrtenal Ž5.8., geranylacetone Ž5.6., ␣-cadinol Ž4.6., pinocarvone Ž4.4. w4x; S. tra¨ ancoricum: trans--ocemene Ž44.7., trans--caryophyllene Ž32.9., ␣-humulene Ž6.7., ␣-farnesene Ž4.9. w4x. Studied activity. Antibacterial activity by disk diffusion method w6x. Micro-organisms used. Listed in Table 1 Žfrom IICT Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500 007, India.. Results. Reported in Table 1.
Table 1 Antibacterial activity of essential oils from Syzygium cumini and Syzygium tra¨ ancoricum leavesU Bacteria
Basillus sphaericus Basillus subtilis Staphylococcus aureus Escherichia coli Pseudomonas aeruginosa Samonella typhimurium
Zone of inhibition Žmm. S. cumini
S. tra¨ ancoricum
PEN-G
16 13 14 12 17 20
11 10 12 11 11 12
20 19 18 9 8 10
U
Used concentration: 5 l each of the essential oil or 5 l of 30 mgrml solution of benzylpenicillin sodium ŽPEN-G..
Conclusions. Plant extracts of Syzygium species are known antibacterials w7x. Essential oils of plants belonging to the family Myrtaceae are known for their biological activities which is suggested to be due to the presence of 1,8-cineole w8x. Even if the two essential oils tested in this work do not contain 1,8-cineole, these oils showed considerable antibacterial activity especially against Salmonella typhimurium.
Acknowledgements Plant identification by Dr A.K. Pradeep, Department of Botany, Calicut University is gratefully acknowledged.
416
P.M. Shafi et al. r Fitoterapia 73 (2002) 414᎐416
References w1x Rastogi RP, editor. Compendium of Indian medicinal plants. Publication and Information Directorate, New Delhi: CSIR, Vol. 3, 1993 w2x Chaudhuri AKN, Pal S, Gomes A, Bhattacharya S. Phytotherapy Res 1990;4:5. w3x Bhattari NK. Fitoterapia 1992;63:497. w4x Jirovetz I, Buchbauer G, Puschmann C, Fleischhacker W, Shafi PM, Rosamma MK. J Essent Oil Bearing Plants 1999;2:68. w5x Ross IA. Medicinal plants of the world. Totowa, New Jersey: Humana Press, 1999. w6x Bauer AW, Kirby WMM, Sherris JC, Truck M. Am J Clin Pathol 1966;45:493. w7x Chattopadhyay D, Sinha BK, Vaid LK. Fitoterapia 1998;69:365. w8x Lis-Balchin M, Deans SG, Eaglesham E. Flavour Fragrance J 1998;13:98.
Short report
Antibacterial activity of Syzygium cumini and Syzygium tra¨ancoricum leaf essential oils P.M. Shafi a,U , M.K. Rosammaa , Kaiser Jamil b, P.S. Reddy b a
b
Department of Chemistry, Calicut Uni¨ ersity, Kerala, 673 635, India Biology and Biotechnology Di¨ ision, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 007, India Received 16 July 2001; accepted in revised form 18 May 2002
Abstract The leaf essential oils of Syzygium cumini and Syzygium tra¨ ancoricum were tested for their antibacterial property. The activity of S. cumini essential oil was found to be good, while that of S. tra¨ ancoricum was moderate. 䊚 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Syzygium cumini; Syzygium tra¨ ancoricum; Essential oil; Antibacterial activity
Plant. Syzygium cumini ŽL.. Skeels and Syzygium tra¨ ancoricum Gamble ŽMyrtaceae., leaves were collected in June from Kerala, South India and authenticated by Dr A.K. Pradeep, Department of Botany, Calicut University. Voucher specimens are deposited at the herbarium, Department of Chemistry, Calicut University. Uses in traditional medicine. S. cumini has been used against dysentry w1x, to treat inflammation w2x and diabetes mellitus w3x. No traditional use is reported for S. tra¨ ancoricum. U
Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] ŽP.M. Shafi..
0367-326Xr02r$ - see front matter 䊚 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PII: S 0 3 6 7 - 3 2 6 X Ž 0 2 . 0 0 1 3 1 - 4
P.M. Shafi et al. r Fitoterapia 73 (2002) 414᎐416
415
Previously isolated classes of constituents. Essential oil w4x, alkanes w5x and organic acids w5x. Tested material. Essential oils Žyield: 0.04% from S. cumini and 0.1% from S. tra¨ ancoricum). S. cumini major components: pinocarveol Ž15.1., ␣-terpeneol Ž8.9., myrtenol Ž8.3., eucarvone Ž6.6., muurolol Ž6.4., myrtenal Ž5.8., geranylacetone Ž5.6., ␣-cadinol Ž4.6., pinocarvone Ž4.4. w4x; S. tra¨ ancoricum: trans--ocemene Ž44.7., trans--caryophyllene Ž32.9., ␣-humulene Ž6.7., ␣-farnesene Ž4.9. w4x. Studied activity. Antibacterial activity by disk diffusion method w6x. Micro-organisms used. Listed in Table 1 Žfrom IICT Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500 007, India.. Results. Reported in Table 1.
Table 1 Antibacterial activity of essential oils from Syzygium cumini and Syzygium tra¨ ancoricum leavesU Bacteria
Basillus sphaericus Basillus subtilis Staphylococcus aureus Escherichia coli Pseudomonas aeruginosa Samonella typhimurium
Zone of inhibition Žmm. S. cumini
S. tra¨ ancoricum
PEN-G
16 13 14 12 17 20
11 10 12 11 11 12
20 19 18 9 8 10
U
Used concentration: 5 l each of the essential oil or 5 l of 30 mgrml solution of benzylpenicillin sodium ŽPEN-G..
Conclusions. Plant extracts of Syzygium species are known antibacterials w7x. Essential oils of plants belonging to the family Myrtaceae are known for their biological activities which is suggested to be due to the presence of 1,8-cineole w8x. Even if the two essential oils tested in this work do not contain 1,8-cineole, these oils showed considerable antibacterial activity especially against Salmonella typhimurium.
Acknowledgements Plant identification by Dr A.K. Pradeep, Department of Botany, Calicut University is gratefully acknowledged.
416
P.M. Shafi et al. r Fitoterapia 73 (2002) 414᎐416
References w1x Rastogi RP, editor. Compendium of Indian medicinal plants. Publication and Information Directorate, New Delhi: CSIR, Vol. 3, 1993 w2x Chaudhuri AKN, Pal S, Gomes A, Bhattacharya S. Phytotherapy Res 1990;4:5. w3x Bhattari NK. Fitoterapia 1992;63:497. w4x Jirovetz I, Buchbauer G, Puschmann C, Fleischhacker W, Shafi PM, Rosamma MK. J Essent Oil Bearing Plants 1999;2:68. w5x Ross IA. Medicinal plants of the world. Totowa, New Jersey: Humana Press, 1999. w6x Bauer AW, Kirby WMM, Sherris JC, Truck M. Am J Clin Pathol 1966;45:493. w7x Chattopadhyay D, Sinha BK, Vaid LK. Fitoterapia 1998;69:365. w8x Lis-Balchin M, Deans SG, Eaglesham E. Flavour Fragrance J 1998;13:98.