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Antimicrobial activity of Bridelia ferruginea fruit
Fitoterapia 71 Ž2000. 75]76
Short report
Antimicrobial activity of Bridelia ferruginea fruit David A. Akinpelua,U , Felix O. Olorunmolab a
b
Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo Uni¨ ersity, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria Drug Research and Production Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi, Awolowo Uni¨ ersity, Ile-Ife Osun State, Nigeria
Received 24 April 1999; accepted in revised form 23 July 1999
Abstract Bridelia ferruginea fruit 60% methanolic extract exhibited antimicrobial activity against seven out of eight bacterial isolates at a concentration of 20 mgrml. Q 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Bridelia ferruginea; Antimicrobial activity
Plant. Bridelia ferruginea Benth. ŽEuphorbiaceae., fruits collected in a farm at Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria, in June 1998. The plant was identified by Dr H.C. Illoh of the Department of Botany, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Uses in traditional medicine. The leaves, bark and fruits are used for the treatment of dysentery, diabetes and as a remedy for thrush Žmycotic stomatitis. in children w1x. The root decoction is also used for the treatment of gonorrhoea w2x. Previously isolated constituents. Triterpenes, steroids and tannins w1,3x. Tested material. 60% MeOH extract Žyield: 15.2 g from 105 g of dried fruits.. Phytochemical analysis w4x gave positive tests for saponins, tannins and flavonoids. U
Corresponding author.
0367-326Xr00r$ - see front matter Q 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PII: S 0 3 6 7 - 3 2 6 X Ž 9 9 . 0 0 1 1 3 - 6
D.A. Akinpelu, F.O. Olorunmola r Fitoterapia 71 (2000) 75]76
76
Studied activity. Antimicrobial activity by agar-well diffusion method w5x and determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations w6x. Used microorganisms. Listed in Table 1. Table 1 Antimicrobial activity of Bridelia ferruginea fruit extract Microorganisms
Bacteria Bacillus subtilis ŽNCIB 3610. Corynebacterium pyogenes ŽLIO. Escherichia coli ŽNCIB 86. Klebsiella pneumoniae ŽNCIB 418. Proteus ¨ ulgaris ŽNCIB 67. Pseudomonas aeruginosa ŽNCIB 950. Shigella dysenteriae ŽLIO. Staphylococcus aureus ŽNCIB 8588. Fungus Candida albicans ŽLIO.
Zone of inhibition Žmm. a B. ferruginea Ž20 mgrml.
Streptomycin Ž1 mgrml.
MIC Žmgrml.
12 14 20 0 13 12 18 18
20 20 0 0 28 21 22 21
5.0 5.0 2.5 ] 2.5 10.0 0.63 1.25
0
0
]
a
Values are means of three readings. MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration; LIO, locally isolated organism; NCIB, national collection of industrial bacteria; and 0, resistant.
Results. Reported in Table 1. Conclusions. Seven of the tested bacterial isolates were found to be sensitive to B. ferruginea fruit extract at the concentration of 20 mgrml. Klebsiella pneumoniae and the only fungus tested Ž Candida albicans. were not sensitive to the extract as well as to streptomycin, used as reference antibiotic. The obtained results may provide a support to some uses of the plant in traditional medicine.
References w1x Dalziel JM. The useful plants of west tropical Africa. London: Crown Agents for the Colonies, 1937:137. w2x Irobi ON, Moo-Young M, Anderson WA, Daramola SO. J Ethnopharmacol 1994;43:185. w3x Addae-Mensah I, Acheubach H. Phytochemistry 1985;24:1817. w4x Harborne JB. Phytochemical methods. London: Chapman and Hall, 1973:278. w5x Kavanagh F. Analytical microbiology. New York: Academic Press, 1963:290. w6x Russell AD, Furr JR. J Appl Bacteriol 1977;43:253.
Short report
Antimicrobial activity of Bridelia ferruginea fruit David A. Akinpelua,U , Felix O. Olorunmolab a
b
Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo Uni¨ ersity, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria Drug Research and Production Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi, Awolowo Uni¨ ersity, Ile-Ife Osun State, Nigeria
Received 24 April 1999; accepted in revised form 23 July 1999
Abstract Bridelia ferruginea fruit 60% methanolic extract exhibited antimicrobial activity against seven out of eight bacterial isolates at a concentration of 20 mgrml. Q 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Bridelia ferruginea; Antimicrobial activity
Plant. Bridelia ferruginea Benth. ŽEuphorbiaceae., fruits collected in a farm at Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria, in June 1998. The plant was identified by Dr H.C. Illoh of the Department of Botany, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Uses in traditional medicine. The leaves, bark and fruits are used for the treatment of dysentery, diabetes and as a remedy for thrush Žmycotic stomatitis. in children w1x. The root decoction is also used for the treatment of gonorrhoea w2x. Previously isolated constituents. Triterpenes, steroids and tannins w1,3x. Tested material. 60% MeOH extract Žyield: 15.2 g from 105 g of dried fruits.. Phytochemical analysis w4x gave positive tests for saponins, tannins and flavonoids. U
Corresponding author.
0367-326Xr00r$ - see front matter Q 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PII: S 0 3 6 7 - 3 2 6 X Ž 9 9 . 0 0 1 1 3 - 6
D.A. Akinpelu, F.O. Olorunmola r Fitoterapia 71 (2000) 75]76
76
Studied activity. Antimicrobial activity by agar-well diffusion method w5x and determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations w6x. Used microorganisms. Listed in Table 1. Table 1 Antimicrobial activity of Bridelia ferruginea fruit extract Microorganisms
Bacteria Bacillus subtilis ŽNCIB 3610. Corynebacterium pyogenes ŽLIO. Escherichia coli ŽNCIB 86. Klebsiella pneumoniae ŽNCIB 418. Proteus ¨ ulgaris ŽNCIB 67. Pseudomonas aeruginosa ŽNCIB 950. Shigella dysenteriae ŽLIO. Staphylococcus aureus ŽNCIB 8588. Fungus Candida albicans ŽLIO.
Zone of inhibition Žmm. a B. ferruginea Ž20 mgrml.
Streptomycin Ž1 mgrml.
MIC Žmgrml.
12 14 20 0 13 12 18 18
20 20 0 0 28 21 22 21
5.0 5.0 2.5 ] 2.5 10.0 0.63 1.25
0
0
]
a
Values are means of three readings. MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration; LIO, locally isolated organism; NCIB, national collection of industrial bacteria; and 0, resistant.
Results. Reported in Table 1. Conclusions. Seven of the tested bacterial isolates were found to be sensitive to B. ferruginea fruit extract at the concentration of 20 mgrml. Klebsiella pneumoniae and the only fungus tested Ž Candida albicans. were not sensitive to the extract as well as to streptomycin, used as reference antibiotic. The obtained results may provide a support to some uses of the plant in traditional medicine.
References w1x Dalziel JM. The useful plants of west tropical Africa. London: Crown Agents for the Colonies, 1937:137. w2x Irobi ON, Moo-Young M, Anderson WA, Daramola SO. J Ethnopharmacol 1994;43:185. w3x Addae-Mensah I, Acheubach H. Phytochemistry 1985;24:1817. w4x Harborne JB. Phytochemical methods. London: Chapman and Hall, 1973:278. w5x Kavanagh F. Analytical microbiology. New York: Academic Press, 1963:290. w6x Russell AD, Furr JR. J Appl Bacteriol 1977;43:253.