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Antimicrobial activity of Bridelia ferruginea leaves extracts
Fitoterapia 73 Ž2002. 343᎐345
Short report
Antimicrobial activity of Bridelia ferruginea leaves extracts E. Tallaa,U , D. Djamend, D.R. Djoulde ´b, L. Tatsadjeub, c c D. Tantoh , J.T. Mbafor , Z.T. Fomumc a
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Uni¨ ersity of Ngaoundere ´ ´ B.P.454, Ngaoundere, ´´ Cameroun b Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Ad¨ anced School of Agro-Process Industries, Uni¨ ersity of Ngaoundere ´ ´ B.P. 455, Ngaoundere, ´ ´ Cameroun c Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Uni¨ ersity of Yaounde´ I BP. 812 Yaounde, ´ Cameroun d Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Uni¨ ersity of Yaounde´ I BP. 812 Yaounde, ´ Cameroun Received 20 December 2001; accepted in revised form 3 April 2002
Abstract Methanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane extracts of Bridelia ferruginea leaves exhibited significant activity against Pseudomonas frutescens, Bacillus subtilis, Echerichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus faecalis. 䊚 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Bridelia ferruginea; Antimicrobial activity
Plant. Bridelia ferruginea, leaves collected at Yaounde ´ ŽCameroun. in November 1999. The plant was identified and authenticated by a botanist in the National Herbarium of Cameroun ŽHerbier national.. Uses in traditional medicine. The leaves, barks and fruits are used for the treatment of dysentery, diabetes and as a remedy for thrush Žmycotic stomatitis. in children w1x, and as an antidote for snakes bitterness w2x. The root decoction is also used for the treatment of gonorrhoea w3x and as an antidote for poisons w2x. U
Corresponding author. Fax: q237-225-27-73.
0367-326Xr02r$ - see front matter 䊚 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PII: S 0 3 6 7 - 3 2 6 X Ž 0 2 . 0 0 0 8 4 - 9
E. Talla et al. r Fitoterapia 73 (2002) 343᎐345
344
Previously isolated constituents. Triterpenes, steroids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids w1,4,5x. Tested material. Methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane extracts. The extracts were diluted in sterile solution of 50% Tween 80 Ž1 mg of extract for 10 ml of Tween 80. at 50 ⬚C. Studied activity. Antimicrobial activity by agar disc diffusion method w6x and determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations using the methods of Russel et al. w7x. Used micro-organisms. Obtained from the Microbiological Laboratory of National Advanced School of Agro-Process Industries, University of Ngaoundere. ´´ Reference Antibiotics. Streptomycin Ž10 g., erhytromycin Ž5 g., tetracycline Ž10 g., penicillin Ž1 i.u.., chloramphenicol Ž10 g., discs where habdiscs purchased at ABTECH Biologicals Ltd Liverpool ŽLot Nr:9106rP.. Results. Reported in Tables 1 and 2. Table 1 Antimicrobial of Bridelia ferruginea leaves extracts Micro-organisms
Pseudomonas frutescens Bacillus subtilis Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus faecalis Echerichia coli
Zone of inhibition Žmm.a EA
ME
HE
Strep
Tetr
Ery
Pen
Chl
0 5 " 1.3 6 " 0.8 7"1 0
5"2 0 0 6 " 0.7 0
2 " 0.5 6 " 0.8 3 " 1.2 7 " 0.6 5 " 0.9
2"1 4"1 0 3 " 0.5 0 7 " 0.9 10 " 1 8"1 2 " 0.5 10 " 1 7 " 1.2 10 " 1 4 " 1.2 0 0 8"1 6.5 " 1 5.5 " 1 0 0 0 7 " 0.7 4 " 1 6.5 " 1 5 " 0.8
EA: ethyl acetate; ME: methanol; HE: hexane; Strep: streptomycin; Ery: erhytromycin; Tetr: tetracycline; Pen: penicillin; Chl: chloramphenicol. a Values are mean of four experiments. 0: resistant Žno area of inhibition.. Table 2 MIC of Bridelia ferruginea extracts Micro-organisms
Pseudomonas frutescens Bacillus subtilis Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus faecalis Escherichia coli
MIC Žmgrml.a Ethyl acetate
Methanol
Hexane
nd 9.5 " 2 8 " 1.5 5 " 0.9 nd
10 " 2 nd nd 9 " 0.7 nd
13 " 1 8 " 0.5 12 " 0.9 4"1 8 " 0.7
MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration. a Values are mean of three experiments. nd: not determined.
E. Talla et al. r Fitoterapia 73 (2002) 343᎐345
345
Conclusion. Hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were found to inhibit the growth of five, three and two of five strains of micro-organisms, respectively. On the basis of the determined MICs, the effect of ethyl acetate extract against Streptococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus, of methanol extract against Streptococcus faecalis and of hexane extract against Bacillus subtilis, S. faecalis, were the most interesting. The obtained results may also provide a support to the uses of the plant in traditional medicine.
References w1x Dalziel JM. The useful plant of west tropical Africa. London: Crown Agents for the Colonies, 1937:137. w2x Hentchoya HJ. Contribution a l’etude de plantes medecinales du Cameroun; Raport sur la prospection et la selection de quelques plantes devant faire l’objet d’une etude chimique, 1991. w3x Irobi ON, Moo-Young M, Anderson WA, Daramola SO. J Ethnopharmacol 1994;43:185. w4x Addae-Mensah I, Acheubach H. Phytochemystry 1985;24:1817. w5x Akinpelu DA, Olorunmola FO. Fitoterapia 2000;71:75. w6x Kavanagh F. Analytical microbiology. New York: Academic Press, 1972. w7x Russel AD, Furr JR. J Appl Bacteriol 1977;43:253.
Short report
Antimicrobial activity of Bridelia ferruginea leaves extracts E. Tallaa,U , D. Djamend, D.R. Djoulde ´b, L. Tatsadjeub, c c D. Tantoh , J.T. Mbafor , Z.T. Fomumc a
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Uni¨ ersity of Ngaoundere ´ ´ B.P.454, Ngaoundere, ´´ Cameroun b Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Ad¨ anced School of Agro-Process Industries, Uni¨ ersity of Ngaoundere ´ ´ B.P. 455, Ngaoundere, ´ ´ Cameroun c Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Uni¨ ersity of Yaounde´ I BP. 812 Yaounde, ´ Cameroun d Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Uni¨ ersity of Yaounde´ I BP. 812 Yaounde, ´ Cameroun Received 20 December 2001; accepted in revised form 3 April 2002
Abstract Methanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane extracts of Bridelia ferruginea leaves exhibited significant activity against Pseudomonas frutescens, Bacillus subtilis, Echerichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus faecalis. 䊚 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Bridelia ferruginea; Antimicrobial activity
Plant. Bridelia ferruginea, leaves collected at Yaounde ´ ŽCameroun. in November 1999. The plant was identified and authenticated by a botanist in the National Herbarium of Cameroun ŽHerbier national.. Uses in traditional medicine. The leaves, barks and fruits are used for the treatment of dysentery, diabetes and as a remedy for thrush Žmycotic stomatitis. in children w1x, and as an antidote for snakes bitterness w2x. The root decoction is also used for the treatment of gonorrhoea w3x and as an antidote for poisons w2x. U
Corresponding author. Fax: q237-225-27-73.
0367-326Xr02r$ - see front matter 䊚 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PII: S 0 3 6 7 - 3 2 6 X Ž 0 2 . 0 0 0 8 4 - 9
E. Talla et al. r Fitoterapia 73 (2002) 343᎐345
344
Previously isolated constituents. Triterpenes, steroids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids w1,4,5x. Tested material. Methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane extracts. The extracts were diluted in sterile solution of 50% Tween 80 Ž1 mg of extract for 10 ml of Tween 80. at 50 ⬚C. Studied activity. Antimicrobial activity by agar disc diffusion method w6x and determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations using the methods of Russel et al. w7x. Used micro-organisms. Obtained from the Microbiological Laboratory of National Advanced School of Agro-Process Industries, University of Ngaoundere. ´´ Reference Antibiotics. Streptomycin Ž10 g., erhytromycin Ž5 g., tetracycline Ž10 g., penicillin Ž1 i.u.., chloramphenicol Ž10 g., discs where habdiscs purchased at ABTECH Biologicals Ltd Liverpool ŽLot Nr:9106rP.. Results. Reported in Tables 1 and 2. Table 1 Antimicrobial of Bridelia ferruginea leaves extracts Micro-organisms
Pseudomonas frutescens Bacillus subtilis Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus faecalis Echerichia coli
Zone of inhibition Žmm.a EA
ME
HE
Strep
Tetr
Ery
Pen
Chl
0 5 " 1.3 6 " 0.8 7"1 0
5"2 0 0 6 " 0.7 0
2 " 0.5 6 " 0.8 3 " 1.2 7 " 0.6 5 " 0.9
2"1 4"1 0 3 " 0.5 0 7 " 0.9 10 " 1 8"1 2 " 0.5 10 " 1 7 " 1.2 10 " 1 4 " 1.2 0 0 8"1 6.5 " 1 5.5 " 1 0 0 0 7 " 0.7 4 " 1 6.5 " 1 5 " 0.8
EA: ethyl acetate; ME: methanol; HE: hexane; Strep: streptomycin; Ery: erhytromycin; Tetr: tetracycline; Pen: penicillin; Chl: chloramphenicol. a Values are mean of four experiments. 0: resistant Žno area of inhibition.. Table 2 MIC of Bridelia ferruginea extracts Micro-organisms
Pseudomonas frutescens Bacillus subtilis Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus faecalis Escherichia coli
MIC Žmgrml.a Ethyl acetate
Methanol
Hexane
nd 9.5 " 2 8 " 1.5 5 " 0.9 nd
10 " 2 nd nd 9 " 0.7 nd
13 " 1 8 " 0.5 12 " 0.9 4"1 8 " 0.7
MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration. a Values are mean of three experiments. nd: not determined.
E. Talla et al. r Fitoterapia 73 (2002) 343᎐345
345
Conclusion. Hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were found to inhibit the growth of five, three and two of five strains of micro-organisms, respectively. On the basis of the determined MICs, the effect of ethyl acetate extract against Streptococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus, of methanol extract against Streptococcus faecalis and of hexane extract against Bacillus subtilis, S. faecalis, were the most interesting. The obtained results may also provide a support to the uses of the plant in traditional medicine.
References w1x Dalziel JM. The useful plant of west tropical Africa. London: Crown Agents for the Colonies, 1937:137. w2x Hentchoya HJ. Contribution a l’etude de plantes medecinales du Cameroun; Raport sur la prospection et la selection de quelques plantes devant faire l’objet d’une etude chimique, 1991. w3x Irobi ON, Moo-Young M, Anderson WA, Daramola SO. J Ethnopharmacol 1994;43:185. w4x Addae-Mensah I, Acheubach H. Phytochemystry 1985;24:1817. w5x Akinpelu DA, Olorunmola FO. Fitoterapia 2000;71:75. w6x Kavanagh F. Analytical microbiology. New York: Academic Press, 1972. w7x Russel AD, Furr JR. J Appl Bacteriol 1977;43:253.