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Antimicrobial activity of Saraca asoca leaves
Fitoterapia 70 Ž1999. 80]82
Short Report
Antimicrobial activity of Saraca asoca leaves J. AnnapurnaU , U.T. Bhalerao, D.S. Iyengar Organic Di¨ ision II, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India Received 8 October 1997; accepted 19 May 1998
Keywords: Saraca asoca; Antibacterial activity; Antifungal activity
Plant. Saraca asoca ŽRoxb.. de Wilde, syn. S. indica auct non L. w1x ŽCaesalpiniaceae ., fresh leaves collected from IICT campus, Hyderabad in March, 1996 and authenticated by a taxonomist at Osmania University, Hyderabad, India. Uses in traditional medicine. Extensively used in the Ayurvedic system of medicine for a variety of ailments w2,3x; as a blood purifier, in stomach ache w4x, and as a hypothermic and diuretic w5x. Previously isolated constituents. Flavonoids and sterols w6,7x. Tested materials. Petrol Ž2.93%., CHCl 3 Ž33.3., EtOAc Ž4.05., MeOH Ž7.09. and water Ž20.12. extracts. Phytochemical screening w8x showed the presence of steroids in petrol, alkaloids and flavonoids in CHCl 3 , flavonoids, terpenoids and sterols in EtOAc, glycosides, tannins and phenolics in MeOH, glycosides, tannins, phenolics and saponins in water extract. Used microorganisms. Listed in Table 1 Žbacterial cultures obtained from the National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India and fungal cultures from the Plant Pathology Laboratory, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India.. U
Corresponding author. Tel.: q91 673874.
0367-326Xr99r$ - see front matter Q 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PII: S 0 3 6 7 - 3 2 6 X Ž 9 8 . 0 0 0 0 7 - 0
J. Annapurna et al. r Fitoterapia 70 (1999) 80]82
81
Table 1 Antimicrobial activity of Saraca asoca leaf extracts Microorganism
Bacillus subtilis Staphylococcus aureus Escherichia coli Pseudomonas aeruginosa Salmonella typhymurium Klebsiella aerogenes Sarcina lutea Arthrobacter citreus Saccharomyces cere¨ isiae Candida albicans Alternania alternata Colletotrichum gloesporioides Drechlera specifera
Strain no.
Inhibition zone Žmm. 1
2
3
4
NCIMr2063 NCIM 2079
] ]
0.5 ]
1.0 1.0
6.0 5.0
NCIM 2060 NCIM 2036
] ]
0.5 ]
] 0.5
NCIM 1535
]
]
NCIM 2098 NCIM 2103 NCIM 2320 NCIM 3213
] ] ] 1.5
NCIM 3102
5
Gent.
Nyst
8.0 5.5
11.5 8.0
ND ND
6.5 6.5
5.5 6.0
9.0 7.5
ND ND
]
8.5
8.0
10.5
ND
] ] ] 0.5
0.5 ] 0.5 0.5
4.5 3.0 3.0 3.0
4.5 3.0 3.0 3.0
6.0 5.0 3.0 ND
ND ND ND 2.5
0.5 ] ]
0.5 ] ]
0.5 0.5 1.5
4.0 7.0 8.5
4.0 7.5 10.0
ND ND ND
3.0 ] 6.0
]
]
]
5.5
6.5
ND
4.0
1, petrol extract; 2, CHCl 3 extract; 3, EtOAc extract; 4, MeOH extract; 5, water extract. The values Žaverage of triplicates . are zone of inhibition Žin mm. at 100 m grdisc. -, no inhibition; ND, not done; Gent., gentamycin Ž10 m grdisc.; Nyst., nystatin Ž100 m grdisc..
Studied activity. Antimicrobial activity by disc diffusion method w9x. Results. Reported in Table 1. Conclusions. MeOH and water extracts of S. asoca leaves exhibited good activity against B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa and S. typhimurium. Both extracts showed marked activity against A. alternata, C. gloesporioides and D. specifera and moderate activity against S. cere¨ isiae and C. albicans when compared with reference compound nystatin. Petrol, CHCl 3 and EtOAc extracts did not show any significant activity. Acknowledgements We express our gratitude to Dr G Lalitha, Botanist, for her help during the preparation of the manuscript.
References w1x Sivarajan VV, Balachandran I. Ayurvedic drugs and their plant sources. New Delhi: Oxford and IBH publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd, 1994:57.
82
J. Annapurna et al. r Fitoterapia 70 (1999) 80]82
w2x Kirtikar KR, Basu BD. Indian medicinal plants, 2nd ed., vol. II, Allahabad: Lalit Mohan Basu, 1918:883. w3x Adhya PC, Roy BB. J Indian Med Assoc 1940;9:299. w4x Satyavathi GV, Prasad DN, Sen SP, Das PK. J Res Indian Med 1969;4:37. w5x Dhawan BN, Patnaik GK, Rastogi RP, Singh KK, Tandon JS. Indian J Exp Biol 1977;15:208. w6x Vijai L, Chauhan JS. J Indian Chem Soc 1976;53:632. w7x Behari M, Andhiwal CK, Ballantine JA. Indian J Chem 1977;15B:765. w8x Fiegl F. Spot tests in organic analysis. London: Elsevier Publ. Co., 1960;566:143]186. w9x Bauer AW, Kirby WMM. Am J Clin Pathol 1966;45:493.
Short Report
Antimicrobial activity of Saraca asoca leaves J. AnnapurnaU , U.T. Bhalerao, D.S. Iyengar Organic Di¨ ision II, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India Received 8 October 1997; accepted 19 May 1998
Keywords: Saraca asoca; Antibacterial activity; Antifungal activity
Plant. Saraca asoca ŽRoxb.. de Wilde, syn. S. indica auct non L. w1x ŽCaesalpiniaceae ., fresh leaves collected from IICT campus, Hyderabad in March, 1996 and authenticated by a taxonomist at Osmania University, Hyderabad, India. Uses in traditional medicine. Extensively used in the Ayurvedic system of medicine for a variety of ailments w2,3x; as a blood purifier, in stomach ache w4x, and as a hypothermic and diuretic w5x. Previously isolated constituents. Flavonoids and sterols w6,7x. Tested materials. Petrol Ž2.93%., CHCl 3 Ž33.3., EtOAc Ž4.05., MeOH Ž7.09. and water Ž20.12. extracts. Phytochemical screening w8x showed the presence of steroids in petrol, alkaloids and flavonoids in CHCl 3 , flavonoids, terpenoids and sterols in EtOAc, glycosides, tannins and phenolics in MeOH, glycosides, tannins, phenolics and saponins in water extract. Used microorganisms. Listed in Table 1 Žbacterial cultures obtained from the National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India and fungal cultures from the Plant Pathology Laboratory, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India.. U
Corresponding author. Tel.: q91 673874.
0367-326Xr99r$ - see front matter Q 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PII: S 0 3 6 7 - 3 2 6 X Ž 9 8 . 0 0 0 0 7 - 0
J. Annapurna et al. r Fitoterapia 70 (1999) 80]82
81
Table 1 Antimicrobial activity of Saraca asoca leaf extracts Microorganism
Bacillus subtilis Staphylococcus aureus Escherichia coli Pseudomonas aeruginosa Salmonella typhymurium Klebsiella aerogenes Sarcina lutea Arthrobacter citreus Saccharomyces cere¨ isiae Candida albicans Alternania alternata Colletotrichum gloesporioides Drechlera specifera
Strain no.
Inhibition zone Žmm. 1
2
3
4
NCIMr2063 NCIM 2079
] ]
0.5 ]
1.0 1.0
6.0 5.0
NCIM 2060 NCIM 2036
] ]
0.5 ]
] 0.5
NCIM 1535
]
]
NCIM 2098 NCIM 2103 NCIM 2320 NCIM 3213
] ] ] 1.5
NCIM 3102
5
Gent.
Nyst
8.0 5.5
11.5 8.0
ND ND
6.5 6.5
5.5 6.0
9.0 7.5
ND ND
]
8.5
8.0
10.5
ND
] ] ] 0.5
0.5 ] 0.5 0.5
4.5 3.0 3.0 3.0
4.5 3.0 3.0 3.0
6.0 5.0 3.0 ND
ND ND ND 2.5
0.5 ] ]
0.5 ] ]
0.5 0.5 1.5
4.0 7.0 8.5
4.0 7.5 10.0
ND ND ND
3.0 ] 6.0
]
]
]
5.5
6.5
ND
4.0
1, petrol extract; 2, CHCl 3 extract; 3, EtOAc extract; 4, MeOH extract; 5, water extract. The values Žaverage of triplicates . are zone of inhibition Žin mm. at 100 m grdisc. -, no inhibition; ND, not done; Gent., gentamycin Ž10 m grdisc.; Nyst., nystatin Ž100 m grdisc..
Studied activity. Antimicrobial activity by disc diffusion method w9x. Results. Reported in Table 1. Conclusions. MeOH and water extracts of S. asoca leaves exhibited good activity against B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa and S. typhimurium. Both extracts showed marked activity against A. alternata, C. gloesporioides and D. specifera and moderate activity against S. cere¨ isiae and C. albicans when compared with reference compound nystatin. Petrol, CHCl 3 and EtOAc extracts did not show any significant activity. Acknowledgements We express our gratitude to Dr G Lalitha, Botanist, for her help during the preparation of the manuscript.
References w1x Sivarajan VV, Balachandran I. Ayurvedic drugs and their plant sources. New Delhi: Oxford and IBH publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd, 1994:57.
82
J. Annapurna et al. r Fitoterapia 70 (1999) 80]82
w2x Kirtikar KR, Basu BD. Indian medicinal plants, 2nd ed., vol. II, Allahabad: Lalit Mohan Basu, 1918:883. w3x Adhya PC, Roy BB. J Indian Med Assoc 1940;9:299. w4x Satyavathi GV, Prasad DN, Sen SP, Das PK. J Res Indian Med 1969;4:37. w5x Dhawan BN, Patnaik GK, Rastogi RP, Singh KK, Tandon JS. Indian J Exp Biol 1977;15:208. w6x Vijai L, Chauhan JS. J Indian Chem Soc 1976;53:632. w7x Behari M, Andhiwal CK, Ballantine JA. Indian J Chem 1977;15B:765. w8x Fiegl F. Spot tests in organic analysis. London: Elsevier Publ. Co., 1960;566:143]186. w9x Bauer AW, Kirby WMM. Am J Clin Pathol 1966;45:493.