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Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of aqueous extract of Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) seeds
Fitoterapia 78 (2007) 590 – 592 www.elsevier.com/locate/fitote
Short report
Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of aqueous extract of Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) seeds Attar Singh Chauhan a,⁎, Pradeep Singh Negi b , Ramesh Shyam Ramteke a a b
Fruit and Vegetable Technology Department, Central Food Technological Research Institute Mysore-570 020, India Human Resource Development Department, Central Food Technological Research Institute Mysore-570 020, India Received 24 May 2006; accepted 12 June 2007 Available online 3 July 2007
Abstract Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) seeds aqueous extract was screened for antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The antioxidant activities (reducing power, DPPH and liposome model system) showed a good antioxidant activity. The extract was also found to posses antibacterial activity with a MIC values with respect to Listeria monocytogenes and Yersinia enterocolitica found to be 750 and 1000 ppm, respectively. The antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of the extract implicate its potential for natural preservation. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Hippophae rhamnoides; Seabuckthorn; Antioxidant activity; Antibacterial activity
1. Plant Hippophae rhamnoides L., (Elaeagnaceae), berries collected from the Kaza town of Lahaul Spiti region (Himachal Pradesh, India) were identified by Forest Department of Himachal Pradesh, and a voucher specimen is deposited at the Department of Fruit and Vegetable Technology Herbarium (FVTDH No.KT-LSVHP-SBT-4A and 4B/1997), Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India. 2. Uses in traditional medicine Several medicinal preparations of Seabuckthorn (SBT) have been clinically used to treat radiation damage, burns, oral inflammation and gastric ulcers in China and the former Soviet Republic, and also more than 300 preparations have been reported in literature [1]. 3. Previously isolated classes of constituents Chemical composition and health benefits of SBT fruit and its oil are well characterized [2,3]. No report is available for seeds. ⁎ Corresponding author. Tel.: +91 821 2515653; fax: +91 0821 2517233. E-mail address: [email protected] (A.S. Chauhan). 0367-326X/$ - see front matter © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2007.06.004
A.S. Chauhan et al. / Fitoterapia 78 (2007) 590–592
591
Table 1 Antioxidant activity of the H. rhamnoides seed aqueous extract in different assay systems Reducing power assay
Liposome model system
DPPH assay
Concentration (μg/ml)
Radical scavenging activity (%)
Concentration (μg/ml)
Antioxidant activity (nmoles/MDA a)
Concentration (μg/ml)
Antioxidant activity (%)
0.48 1.2 2.4 3.6 4.8
0.68 ± 0.01 1.53 ± 0.13 2.02 ± 0.004 2.95 ± 0.03 3.35 ± 0.13
25 50 75 100 –
1.32 ± 0.04 1.17 ± 0.04 0.99 ± 0.08 0.64 ± 0.02 –
10 20 30 40 50
7.83 ± 2.47 15.51 ± 3.80 26.13 ± 3.75 34.97 ± 1.00 37.53 ± 2.87
Values are mean ± SD. (N = 3). a MDA = malonodialdehyde.
4. Tested material Seeds were obtained after deseeding the berries by passing through stainless steel sievers (Mesh pore size 0.042 in.). Its aqueous extract according to Chauhan et al. [4] was dissolved in 60% MeOH for evaluation of the antioxidant capacity by liposome model system; dimethyl sulphoxide for scavenging activity by DPPH method; used as such for determination of reducing power and screening for antibacterial activity. 5. Studied activity The concentration of phenolics in the extracts was determined according to Singh et al. [5] and results were expressed as (+) tannic acid equivalents. Antioxidant activity in liposome model systems was measured [6] and the results were expressed as nmoles/malonodialdehyde (MDA). Reducing power was determined by the method reported in Ref. [7]. Free radical-scavenging activity was assayed using DPPH [8]. Antibacterial activity was determined by agar dilution method [9]. Bacteria (Listeria monocytogenes and Yersinia enterocolitica) were obtained from the Food Microbiology Department of this Institute. 6. Results The antioxidant and antibacterial activities are reported in Tables 1 and 2, respectively. 7. Conclusions Aqueous extract of SBT seeds showed good antioxidant activity in all the in-vitro model systems. Similar trend for antioxidant activity was observed in SBT leaf and fruit methanolic extracts [10] and three herbal water extracts [11]. The Minimum inhibitory concentrations with respect to L. monocytogenes and Y. enterocolitica were found to be 750 and 1000 ppm, respectively, which is in agreement with earlier study on SBT berry extracts [12]. The antioxidant and antimicrobial effects implicate its potential for natural preservation.
Table 2 Effect of the H. rhamnoides seed aqueous extract on the inhibition of L. monocytogens and Y. enterocolitica growth Seed aqueous extract
% Growth inhibition
Concentration (ppm) 500 750 1000
L. monocytogens 86.25 ± 0.48 100 ± 0.0 100 ± 0.0
⁎Values are mean ± SD (N = 3).
Y. enterocolitica 65.5 ± 4.75 81.18 ± 1.12 100 ± 0.0
592
A.S. Chauhan et al. / Fitoterapia 78 (2007) 590–592
Acknowledgement The authors wish to thank Dr. V. Prakash, Director; Dr. S. Rajrathnam, Head, Fruit and Vegetable Technology; and Dr. M. C. Varadaraj, Head, Human Resource Development, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, for constant encouragement. References [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12]
Lu R. Seabuckthorn. A multipurpose plant species for fragile mountains. Katmandu, Nepal: ICIMOD Publication unit; 1992. Chen Y, Jiang Z, Qin W, Ni M, Li X, He Y. Chem Ind Food Prod 1990;10:163. Yang B, Kallio H, Tahvonen R, Kalimo K, Mattila L, Kallio S, et al. J Nutr Biochem 2000;11:338. Chauhan AS, Negi PS, Ramteke RS. Process for the preparing antibacterial and antioxidant fraction from Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.). US Patent No 6946154. Singh RP, Murthy KMC, Jayaprakasha GK. J Agric Food Chem 2002;50:81. Buege JA, Aust SD. In: Fleischer S, Packer L, editors. Microsomal lipid peroxidation. Meth Enzyimol, New York: Academic Press; 1978. p. 302. 52. Yen GC, Duh PDJ. Am Oil Chem Soc 1993;70:383. Blois MS. Nature 1958;181:1199. Negi PS, Jayaprakasha GK, Rao LJM, Sakariah KK. J Agric Food Chem 1999;47:4297. Geetha S, Sai Ram M, Singh V, Ilavazhagan G, Sawhney RC. J Ethnopharmocol 2002;79:373. Duh PD, Yen GC. Food Chem 1997;60:639. Puupponen-Pimla R, Nohynek L, Meier C, Kahkonen M, Heinonen M, Hopia A, et al. J Appl Microbiol 2001;90:494.
Short report
Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of aqueous extract of Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) seeds Attar Singh Chauhan a,⁎, Pradeep Singh Negi b , Ramesh Shyam Ramteke a a b
Fruit and Vegetable Technology Department, Central Food Technological Research Institute Mysore-570 020, India Human Resource Development Department, Central Food Technological Research Institute Mysore-570 020, India Received 24 May 2006; accepted 12 June 2007 Available online 3 July 2007
Abstract Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) seeds aqueous extract was screened for antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The antioxidant activities (reducing power, DPPH and liposome model system) showed a good antioxidant activity. The extract was also found to posses antibacterial activity with a MIC values with respect to Listeria monocytogenes and Yersinia enterocolitica found to be 750 and 1000 ppm, respectively. The antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of the extract implicate its potential for natural preservation. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Hippophae rhamnoides; Seabuckthorn; Antioxidant activity; Antibacterial activity
1. Plant Hippophae rhamnoides L., (Elaeagnaceae), berries collected from the Kaza town of Lahaul Spiti region (Himachal Pradesh, India) were identified by Forest Department of Himachal Pradesh, and a voucher specimen is deposited at the Department of Fruit and Vegetable Technology Herbarium (FVTDH No.KT-LSVHP-SBT-4A and 4B/1997), Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India. 2. Uses in traditional medicine Several medicinal preparations of Seabuckthorn (SBT) have been clinically used to treat radiation damage, burns, oral inflammation and gastric ulcers in China and the former Soviet Republic, and also more than 300 preparations have been reported in literature [1]. 3. Previously isolated classes of constituents Chemical composition and health benefits of SBT fruit and its oil are well characterized [2,3]. No report is available for seeds. ⁎ Corresponding author. Tel.: +91 821 2515653; fax: +91 0821 2517233. E-mail address: [email protected] (A.S. Chauhan). 0367-326X/$ - see front matter © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2007.06.004
A.S. Chauhan et al. / Fitoterapia 78 (2007) 590–592
591
Table 1 Antioxidant activity of the H. rhamnoides seed aqueous extract in different assay systems Reducing power assay
Liposome model system
DPPH assay
Concentration (μg/ml)
Radical scavenging activity (%)
Concentration (μg/ml)
Antioxidant activity (nmoles/MDA a)
Concentration (μg/ml)
Antioxidant activity (%)
0.48 1.2 2.4 3.6 4.8
0.68 ± 0.01 1.53 ± 0.13 2.02 ± 0.004 2.95 ± 0.03 3.35 ± 0.13
25 50 75 100 –
1.32 ± 0.04 1.17 ± 0.04 0.99 ± 0.08 0.64 ± 0.02 –
10 20 30 40 50
7.83 ± 2.47 15.51 ± 3.80 26.13 ± 3.75 34.97 ± 1.00 37.53 ± 2.87
Values are mean ± SD. (N = 3). a MDA = malonodialdehyde.
4. Tested material Seeds were obtained after deseeding the berries by passing through stainless steel sievers (Mesh pore size 0.042 in.). Its aqueous extract according to Chauhan et al. [4] was dissolved in 60% MeOH for evaluation of the antioxidant capacity by liposome model system; dimethyl sulphoxide for scavenging activity by DPPH method; used as such for determination of reducing power and screening for antibacterial activity. 5. Studied activity The concentration of phenolics in the extracts was determined according to Singh et al. [5] and results were expressed as (+) tannic acid equivalents. Antioxidant activity in liposome model systems was measured [6] and the results were expressed as nmoles/malonodialdehyde (MDA). Reducing power was determined by the method reported in Ref. [7]. Free radical-scavenging activity was assayed using DPPH [8]. Antibacterial activity was determined by agar dilution method [9]. Bacteria (Listeria monocytogenes and Yersinia enterocolitica) were obtained from the Food Microbiology Department of this Institute. 6. Results The antioxidant and antibacterial activities are reported in Tables 1 and 2, respectively. 7. Conclusions Aqueous extract of SBT seeds showed good antioxidant activity in all the in-vitro model systems. Similar trend for antioxidant activity was observed in SBT leaf and fruit methanolic extracts [10] and three herbal water extracts [11]. The Minimum inhibitory concentrations with respect to L. monocytogenes and Y. enterocolitica were found to be 750 and 1000 ppm, respectively, which is in agreement with earlier study on SBT berry extracts [12]. The antioxidant and antimicrobial effects implicate its potential for natural preservation.
Table 2 Effect of the H. rhamnoides seed aqueous extract on the inhibition of L. monocytogens and Y. enterocolitica growth Seed aqueous extract
% Growth inhibition
Concentration (ppm) 500 750 1000
L. monocytogens 86.25 ± 0.48 100 ± 0.0 100 ± 0.0
⁎Values are mean ± SD (N = 3).
Y. enterocolitica 65.5 ± 4.75 81.18 ± 1.12 100 ± 0.0
592
A.S. Chauhan et al. / Fitoterapia 78 (2007) 590–592
Acknowledgement The authors wish to thank Dr. V. Prakash, Director; Dr. S. Rajrathnam, Head, Fruit and Vegetable Technology; and Dr. M. C. Varadaraj, Head, Human Resource Development, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, for constant encouragement. References [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12]
Lu R. Seabuckthorn. A multipurpose plant species for fragile mountains. Katmandu, Nepal: ICIMOD Publication unit; 1992. Chen Y, Jiang Z, Qin W, Ni M, Li X, He Y. Chem Ind Food Prod 1990;10:163. Yang B, Kallio H, Tahvonen R, Kalimo K, Mattila L, Kallio S, et al. J Nutr Biochem 2000;11:338. Chauhan AS, Negi PS, Ramteke RS. Process for the preparing antibacterial and antioxidant fraction from Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.). US Patent No 6946154. Singh RP, Murthy KMC, Jayaprakasha GK. J Agric Food Chem 2002;50:81. Buege JA, Aust SD. In: Fleischer S, Packer L, editors. Microsomal lipid peroxidation. Meth Enzyimol, New York: Academic Press; 1978. p. 302. 52. Yen GC, Duh PDJ. Am Oil Chem Soc 1993;70:383. Blois MS. Nature 1958;181:1199. Negi PS, Jayaprakasha GK, Rao LJM, Sakariah KK. J Agric Food Chem 1999;47:4297. Geetha S, Sai Ram M, Singh V, Ilavazhagan G, Sawhney RC. J Ethnopharmocol 2002;79:373. Duh PD, Yen GC. Food Chem 1997;60:639. Puupponen-Pimla R, Nohynek L, Meier C, Kahkonen M, Heinonen M, Hopia A, et al. J Appl Microbiol 2001;90:494.