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Application of Retrospective Environmental Carrying Capacity Assessment for Marine Reclamation
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
ScienceDirect IERI Procedia 8 (2014) 149 – 153
2014 Internationa I al Conferencce on Agriccultural and Biosystem Engineerinng
A Applicatio on of Reetrospecttive Envvironmen ntal Carrrying Caapacity Asseessment for Marrine Reclamationn M Mingchang Lia,b,c,* a
Labboratory of Envirronmental Protecction in Water Traansport Engineerring, Tianjin Reseearch Institute of Water Transportt Engineering, T Tianjin, 300456, P. P R. China b State Key Labooratory of Coastaal and Offshore Engineering, E Daliian University off Technology, Dallian, 116024, P. R R. China c Schhool of Environm mental Science and Engineering, Tianjin T Universityy, Tianjin, 3000722, P. R. China
Absttract The retrospective assessment a of environmental e c carrying capaciity aims to obtaain the historiccal developmennt situation of d guiding the ennvironmental m management of reclaamation domainn, it’s an essentiial tool for impproving the mannaged level and reclaamation. In this paper, a syntheetic assessment method based on cloud theory y is applied to evaluate e the singgle factor and multiiple factors envvironmental carrrying capacity in Caofeidian marine district,, Tangshan Bayy, China. With the field data of fivve assessment indexes i in recennt six years, thee assessment results are obtain ned which show w that the marinne reclamation has a certain impactt for the marinee environment. © ThePublished Authors.dPublished by Elsevier © 2014 20014. by Elsevier B.V. B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Seleection and peer review undeer responsibilitty of Informattion Engineering Research Institute Selection and peer review under responsibility of Information Engineering Research Institute Keyw words: Retrospectiive; environmenttal carrying capaccity; assessment; reclamation; r marrine
* Corresponding author. a Tel.: +86-222-59812345; faxx: +86-22-598123389. E E-mail address: lm [email protected].
2212-6678 © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Selection and peer review under responsibility of Information Engineering Research Institute doi:10.1016/j.ieri.2014.09.025
150
Mingchang Li / IERI Procedia 8 (2014) 149 – 153
1. Introduction The environmental and ecological problem is the important restricting factor for regional sustainable development. So the historical environment situation assessment must be studied to obtain the basic condition of research marine district. So many assessment methods have been proposed and applied to many fields including ocean water quality and carrying capacity[1-3], but several defects exist in these methods[3]. In this paper, a synthetic assessment method, namely cloud theory[4] is applied to evaluate the historical environmental carrying capacity in Caofeidian marine district, Tangshan Bay, China. The structure of this paper follows. In Section 2, the assessment method and research marine district are introduced firstly. The assessment method is used to evaluate the single factor and multiple factors environmental carrying capacity. Finally, the conclusions are presented in Section 3. 2. Retrospective environmental carrying capacity assessment The single factor and multiple factors environmental carrying capacity of five assessment indexes in recent six years are evaluated by a cloud theory model in this paper. 2.1. Assessment method Cloud theory[4] is developed based on probability and fuzzy mathematic. Its basic algorithm is to build an uncertainty transformation model for the exchange between concept and quantity. The randomness and ambiguity can reacted in this model, which has been applied to system evaluation, algorithm improvement, decision support, intelligent control, data mining, knowledge discovery and network security[5]. A synthetic assessment method and systematic procedure[5] are utilized to evaluate the environmental carrying capacity in this paper. 2.2. Research marine district The Caofeidian marine district locates in the northwest of Bohai Sea, which is the center of Tangshan Bay. The length of coastline is 17 km. The total area is about 16 km2. The tide hydrodynamic is controlled by the tidal waves of the Bohai Sea, so the tidal current is complicated[6]. The Caofeidian port has been constructed by reclamation in recent years.
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Mingchang Li / IERI Procedia 8 (2014) 149 – 153
Fig. 1. The position of research marine district and three stations
Fig 1 shows the position of research marine district and the three gauge stations for trend analysis. The Caofeidian port has been constructed by reclamation from the Fig 1. The blue line is a new planning waterway. 2.3. Assessment Indexes and levels of Environment Carrying Capacity Five assessment indexes (DIN, Phosphate (Ph), Petroleum (Pe), Pb and Zn) in marine waters are selected for evaluating the environmental carrying capacity. In this paper, single factor carrying capacity and multiple factors comprehensive carrying capacity are studied for evaluating the historical situation of reclamation domain. The assessment levels[7] of the whole indexes are used to evaluate retrospective environment carrying capacity listed in table 1. Table 1 Level standard of assessment index
Assessment indexes DIN
Environmental quality standard Good (I)
General (II)
Poor (III)
Very poor (IV)
0-0.2
0.2-0.3
0.3-0.4
0.4-Max1
152
Mingchang Li / IERI Procedia 8 (2014) 149 – 153 Ph
0-0.015
0.015~0.03
0.03~0.045
0.045-Max2
Pe
0-0.05
0.05~0.3
0.3~0.5
0.5-Max3
Pb
0-1
1~5
5~10
10-Max4
Zn
0-20
20-50
50-100
100-Max5
Note: Max1 and Max5 is the max value of water quality measurement data owing to not be obtained by the water quality standard.
2.4. Assessment results and analysis of Environment Carrying Capacity The six years’ field data of five assessment indexes are used for evaluate the environmental carrying capacity. Following the systematic procedure[5], the single factor and multiple factors environmental carrying capacity results are shown in the table 2. Table 2 Assessment results Year
2005
2007
2009
2010
2011
2012
Assessment indexes
Single factor
DIN
Good (I)
Ph
General (II)
Pe
General (II)
Pb
General (II)
Zn
General (II)
DIN
Very poor (IV)
Ph
Very poor (IV)
Pe
General (II)
Pb
Very poor (IV)
Zn
Very poor (IV)
DIN
General (II)
Ph
Good (I)
Pe
General (II)
Pb
General (II)
Zn
None
DIN
General (II)
Ph
Good (I)
Pe
Good (I)
Pb
General (II)
Zn
General (II)
DIN
Good (I)
Ph
Good (I)
Pe
Very poor (IV)
Pb
General (II)
Zn
General (II)
DIN
Poor (III)
Multiple factors
General (II)
Very poor (IV)
General (II)
General (II)
General (II)
General (II)
Mingchang Li / IERI Procedia 8 (2014) 149 – 153 Ph
Very poor (IV)
Pe
Good (I)
Pb
General (II)
Zn
Good (I)
Note: The field data of Zn is absent, so it is “None”.
Table 2 shows the assessment results of environmental carrying capacity of the recent six years in Caofeidian marine district. The comprehensive environmental carrying capacity level is general, especially in 2007, the environmental carrying capacity level is very poor. The marine reclamation in Caofeidian marine district started from 2005, the largest scale’s reclamation occurred in 2007, that is the main cause of environmental pollution. So the marine environmental management need be strengthened to decline the environmental pollution. 3. Conclusion A synthetic assessment method based on cloud theory is applied to evaluate the marine reclamation carrying capacity in the Caofeidian marine district, Tangshan Bay, China. The retrospective assessment shows the historical development situation in reclamation domain by single factor and multiple factors assessment. The assessment results show that the marine reclamation has a certain impact for the marine environment.
Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51209110), the project of Science and Technology for Development of Ocean in Tianjin (KJXH2011-17), the Research Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering Dalian University of Technology (LP1108) and the National Nonprofit Institute Research Grants of TIWTE (TKS130215 and KJFZJJ2011-01).
References [1] Si, Q., Li M.C., Zhang G.Y., et al. Set pair analysis method for water quality evaluation based on nonlinear power function[J]. Appl. Mech. Mater., 2012;573-574:497-500. [2] Feng L.H., Wang J.Y., Zhang M.Z. Grey clustering evaluation of environmental quality[J]. Environ. Protect. Sci., 2000;26:37-39. [3] Li M.C., Zhang G.Y., You X.Y. Set pair analysis method with nonlinear membership function for sea water quality assessment[J]. J. Hebei Univ. Technol., 2010;39:81-86. [4] Li D.Y., Du Y. Artificial intelligence with uncertainty[M]. Beijing: National Defence Industry Press, 2005. [5] Li M.C., Zhang G.Y., Si Q., et al. Synthetic assessment method with cloud theory for marine water quality[J]. Appl. Mech. Mater., 2013;295-298:821-826. [6] Li M.C., Liang S.X., Sun Z.C., et al. Optimal estimation for key parameters of the marine quality model using data-driven neural network[J]. J. Mar. Sci. Technol., 2010;18:771-779. [7] State Bureau of Environmental Protection, State Bureau of Technical Supervision. Sea water quality standard (GB 3097-1997) [S]. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press, 1997:2.
153
ScienceDirect IERI Procedia 8 (2014) 149 – 153
2014 Internationa I al Conferencce on Agriccultural and Biosystem Engineerinng
A Applicatio on of Reetrospecttive Envvironmen ntal Carrrying Caapacity Asseessment for Marrine Reclamationn M Mingchang Lia,b,c,* a
Labboratory of Envirronmental Protecction in Water Traansport Engineerring, Tianjin Reseearch Institute of Water Transportt Engineering, T Tianjin, 300456, P. P R. China b State Key Labooratory of Coastaal and Offshore Engineering, E Daliian University off Technology, Dallian, 116024, P. R R. China c Schhool of Environm mental Science and Engineering, Tianjin T Universityy, Tianjin, 3000722, P. R. China
Absttract The retrospective assessment a of environmental e c carrying capaciity aims to obtaain the historiccal developmennt situation of d guiding the ennvironmental m management of reclaamation domainn, it’s an essentiial tool for impproving the mannaged level and reclaamation. In this paper, a syntheetic assessment method based on cloud theory y is applied to evaluate e the singgle factor and multiiple factors envvironmental carrrying capacity in Caofeidian marine district,, Tangshan Bayy, China. With the field data of fivve assessment indexes i in recennt six years, thee assessment results are obtain ned which show w that the marinne reclamation has a certain impactt for the marinee environment. © ThePublished Authors.dPublished by Elsevier © 2014 20014. by Elsevier B.V. B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Seleection and peer review undeer responsibilitty of Informattion Engineering Research Institute Selection and peer review under responsibility of Information Engineering Research Institute Keyw words: Retrospectiive; environmenttal carrying capaccity; assessment; reclamation; r marrine
* Corresponding author. a Tel.: +86-222-59812345; faxx: +86-22-598123389. E E-mail address: lm [email protected].
2212-6678 © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Selection and peer review under responsibility of Information Engineering Research Institute doi:10.1016/j.ieri.2014.09.025
150
Mingchang Li / IERI Procedia 8 (2014) 149 – 153
1. Introduction The environmental and ecological problem is the important restricting factor for regional sustainable development. So the historical environment situation assessment must be studied to obtain the basic condition of research marine district. So many assessment methods have been proposed and applied to many fields including ocean water quality and carrying capacity[1-3], but several defects exist in these methods[3]. In this paper, a synthetic assessment method, namely cloud theory[4] is applied to evaluate the historical environmental carrying capacity in Caofeidian marine district, Tangshan Bay, China. The structure of this paper follows. In Section 2, the assessment method and research marine district are introduced firstly. The assessment method is used to evaluate the single factor and multiple factors environmental carrying capacity. Finally, the conclusions are presented in Section 3. 2. Retrospective environmental carrying capacity assessment The single factor and multiple factors environmental carrying capacity of five assessment indexes in recent six years are evaluated by a cloud theory model in this paper. 2.1. Assessment method Cloud theory[4] is developed based on probability and fuzzy mathematic. Its basic algorithm is to build an uncertainty transformation model for the exchange between concept and quantity. The randomness and ambiguity can reacted in this model, which has been applied to system evaluation, algorithm improvement, decision support, intelligent control, data mining, knowledge discovery and network security[5]. A synthetic assessment method and systematic procedure[5] are utilized to evaluate the environmental carrying capacity in this paper. 2.2. Research marine district The Caofeidian marine district locates in the northwest of Bohai Sea, which is the center of Tangshan Bay. The length of coastline is 17 km. The total area is about 16 km2. The tide hydrodynamic is controlled by the tidal waves of the Bohai Sea, so the tidal current is complicated[6]. The Caofeidian port has been constructed by reclamation in recent years.
151
Mingchang Li / IERI Procedia 8 (2014) 149 – 153
Fig. 1. The position of research marine district and three stations
Fig 1 shows the position of research marine district and the three gauge stations for trend analysis. The Caofeidian port has been constructed by reclamation from the Fig 1. The blue line is a new planning waterway. 2.3. Assessment Indexes and levels of Environment Carrying Capacity Five assessment indexes (DIN, Phosphate (Ph), Petroleum (Pe), Pb and Zn) in marine waters are selected for evaluating the environmental carrying capacity. In this paper, single factor carrying capacity and multiple factors comprehensive carrying capacity are studied for evaluating the historical situation of reclamation domain. The assessment levels[7] of the whole indexes are used to evaluate retrospective environment carrying capacity listed in table 1. Table 1 Level standard of assessment index
Assessment indexes DIN
Environmental quality standard Good (I)
General (II)
Poor (III)
Very poor (IV)
0-0.2
0.2-0.3
0.3-0.4
0.4-Max1
152
Mingchang Li / IERI Procedia 8 (2014) 149 – 153 Ph
0-0.015
0.015~0.03
0.03~0.045
0.045-Max2
Pe
0-0.05
0.05~0.3
0.3~0.5
0.5-Max3
Pb
0-1
1~5
5~10
10-Max4
Zn
0-20
20-50
50-100
100-Max5
Note: Max1 and Max5 is the max value of water quality measurement data owing to not be obtained by the water quality standard.
2.4. Assessment results and analysis of Environment Carrying Capacity The six years’ field data of five assessment indexes are used for evaluate the environmental carrying capacity. Following the systematic procedure[5], the single factor and multiple factors environmental carrying capacity results are shown in the table 2. Table 2 Assessment results Year
2005
2007
2009
2010
2011
2012
Assessment indexes
Single factor
DIN
Good (I)
Ph
General (II)
Pe
General (II)
Pb
General (II)
Zn
General (II)
DIN
Very poor (IV)
Ph
Very poor (IV)
Pe
General (II)
Pb
Very poor (IV)
Zn
Very poor (IV)
DIN
General (II)
Ph
Good (I)
Pe
General (II)
Pb
General (II)
Zn
None
DIN
General (II)
Ph
Good (I)
Pe
Good (I)
Pb
General (II)
Zn
General (II)
DIN
Good (I)
Ph
Good (I)
Pe
Very poor (IV)
Pb
General (II)
Zn
General (II)
DIN
Poor (III)
Multiple factors
General (II)
Very poor (IV)
General (II)
General (II)
General (II)
General (II)
Mingchang Li / IERI Procedia 8 (2014) 149 – 153 Ph
Very poor (IV)
Pe
Good (I)
Pb
General (II)
Zn
Good (I)
Note: The field data of Zn is absent, so it is “None”.
Table 2 shows the assessment results of environmental carrying capacity of the recent six years in Caofeidian marine district. The comprehensive environmental carrying capacity level is general, especially in 2007, the environmental carrying capacity level is very poor. The marine reclamation in Caofeidian marine district started from 2005, the largest scale’s reclamation occurred in 2007, that is the main cause of environmental pollution. So the marine environmental management need be strengthened to decline the environmental pollution. 3. Conclusion A synthetic assessment method based on cloud theory is applied to evaluate the marine reclamation carrying capacity in the Caofeidian marine district, Tangshan Bay, China. The retrospective assessment shows the historical development situation in reclamation domain by single factor and multiple factors assessment. The assessment results show that the marine reclamation has a certain impact for the marine environment.
Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51209110), the project of Science and Technology for Development of Ocean in Tianjin (KJXH2011-17), the Research Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering Dalian University of Technology (LP1108) and the National Nonprofit Institute Research Grants of TIWTE (TKS130215 and KJFZJJ2011-01).
References [1] Si, Q., Li M.C., Zhang G.Y., et al. Set pair analysis method for water quality evaluation based on nonlinear power function[J]. Appl. Mech. Mater., 2012;573-574:497-500. [2] Feng L.H., Wang J.Y., Zhang M.Z. Grey clustering evaluation of environmental quality[J]. Environ. Protect. Sci., 2000;26:37-39. [3] Li M.C., Zhang G.Y., You X.Y. Set pair analysis method with nonlinear membership function for sea water quality assessment[J]. J. Hebei Univ. Technol., 2010;39:81-86. [4] Li D.Y., Du Y. Artificial intelligence with uncertainty[M]. Beijing: National Defence Industry Press, 2005. [5] Li M.C., Zhang G.Y., Si Q., et al. Synthetic assessment method with cloud theory for marine water quality[J]. Appl. Mech. Mater., 2013;295-298:821-826. [6] Li M.C., Liang S.X., Sun Z.C., et al. Optimal estimation for key parameters of the marine quality model using data-driven neural network[J]. J. Mar. Sci. Technol., 2010;18:771-779. [7] State Bureau of Environmental Protection, State Bureau of Technical Supervision. Sea water quality standard (GB 3097-1997) [S]. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press, 1997:2.
153