AROMATHERAPY
Michael
Alexander
Products
of America,
Mobley
Road,
Y3556
IMMUNITY: HOW THE USE OF ESSENTIAL OIL AIDS IMMUNE POTENTIALITY IN FOUR PARTS
Essential HO72
Odessa
&
North
Florida
USA
PART I
- How ESSENTIAL OIL ODOURANTS AFFECT IMMUNE POTENTIALITY
MICHAEL
ALEXANDER
Optimal health and recovery from sickness - that is what the immune system evolved to do and works to achieve. Optimizing immune potentiality is essential to staying healthy or, should we become ill, recovery from illness. Is that not also one of the goals of the aromatherapist and at-home user of pure essential oils? Really, is it not the goal of everyone? It happens to be the most fortunate consequence of judicious aromatherapy use. The mechanisms by which aromatherapy treatments aid the immune system in staying well or recovery from illness are reviewed in a 4-part series starting here. 0 2001 Harcourt Publishers Ltd logical an
I
tion
t has become last
Studies
have on
show
activity,
functions
There tial oils
and
oils,
applica-
oils
applied
to tissue
logical
effects
other
biological
mood,
to good
health
01
modulate
the
immune
essensystem.
the
essential to exert directly
on
This
ines
each
of these
mechanisms
how
various
can
beneficially
examto show
treatments
influence
that be
immune
of pathophysio-
is
an
and
systems immune
are
state-of-mind affecting
functionality.
accomplished
relationships lating
series
variable
system
aro-
parts. how
important
by between systems
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immunity
this
four
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immune is
in
into
it. to
of how affect
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Part
stimulate basic
mechanisms treatments
are
broken
it is to suppress or
concepts
fundamental matherapy
cellular
series
aromatherapy
can
whether response
important
pharmaco-
functions.
in a variety
oil
immune oils
immune
functions
The
as conditioning
modulate
to
affects
essential
be used
modu-
improving
that
agents
which
Second, can
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by
ways
immunity.
mood,
response.
and
three
or
system.
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states,
odourants
ben-
immune
essential
important
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in the
essential
a pronounced, the
that
immunity
brain
evident
that
olfaction
to tissue, effect
more
years
through
eficial
late
few
tive
states,
immune
This
the the
nervous,
neuro-
three
regu-
endocrine
- in conjunction
with
olfactory
induction into
processing. of
the
alone
essential
brain
oil
via olfactory
is able
immune
Thus,
to reach
called
themselves
into
the
understanding
contextual everyday
between health
tiality.
and
Oltidctory
to optimize
and
effects
on the Part
the
or otherwise
subsequent
takes
a key
every
disease.
nisms
and
inhibit
their
mind
tem
humans
of the
and
immune
how how
but
that
and
of the
or these
IV
how
modulation
the actual
cellular
to see some eflects
how
immunity
evidence
Moreover,
are
perceived
body
well or recovery
or to
response
that
the
body. into
of immune
sup-
clinical
and
outside
various
2000a), affecting known
health on
of
from
the immune that
positive well-being
if
i.e.
or
health
and
component
especially
approached point,
over
is a pivotal
conscious
pharmacooils and to
illness.
self-determination
control
the
direct
responds
scientific
ness
of essential
to theory
aromatherapy.
cellular
down
susceptibility
the
everyday
ill-
of staying
illness
helps
with
symptoms
symptoms
immune
system. good
the
the
It
can
the
also relieve
ten-
of
insomnia. not
also
only
that
a
a disordered
Aromatherapy things
help mood,
strengthen
and
but
and
does enable
a
us to
stay well.
tenet
efficacy
It is now toward
odour
better
afrected
are
affect
‘2 basic assumption accentuating o~~act~~ aroma y is that it ~~~~lit~tes ~~t~rna~ ealth or healing through its bene~ci~l efects on the immune system.”
system.
problems
are
lot more
attitudes affects
and
that
enhance
It can
depression
A basic
specifically
essentially issues
and
system.
sufferorigin.
life
adversely.
pain,
the is
people
of
calmer,
in distress
(Alexander,
illnesses
life
reel better
with
aromatherapy quality
brain
of essen-
connection
for
with
sion,
use
that
of unknown
deals
‘l‘hese
health
or raising
overwhelming
to suppress
processes
dynamic
by
Olfactory
connection
the
especially
us
feelings
this
symptoms
immune
by accelerat-
a well-founded
oils
to reach
functions
of is
improving
affect keep
as stimuli
cognition,
immune
the
and
likely
that
and
odourants
improve
of
good
in turn
Thus, thoughts
essen-
overall
illness
decisions which
that
stress,
(e.g.
feeling
we also are more
feel
quality
letdown
By
better
of
1989).
system
of
motivators
the
protector
the
quality
the
individual
greatest
is
people
general
advance
optimizes
mood
reduce
and
from
threshold
ported
show
a
It is
good
or
state,
strengthen
ing recovery
‘Ihis
effecting
Ferley,
behaviour
at
issues
(e.g. feeling
behaviours,
idea
accelerate the
ourselves,
oil
can
by enhancing
1995).
ing from
the
over
as psychological
and
factors
protecting
able
thus,
profile
where
harms
immune
promising,
user
through
odourants
system
Along
an appropriate
against
by
while
the
control
mood,
odourants
Part
aggravating
oil
they
occurring
response,
and
make
or
illness
health
systhis
factors
having
alone,
adverse
and
that
affect
its
immune
giving
health,
improve life;
‘condition-
is involved
in
time
of
tial
the
stress-related
same
to change
or stimulate
we are
notion
cells
mechanism
deficient
are
are also
to suppress
is
the
Studies
oil
system
tial
through
accomplishes
1994).
A similar
‘ihus,
reducing
the
on
(Betts,
we want
that
effects
It putatively
sys-
memory
in
by essential
beneficial
or healing
psychic
from
modulated
health
overall
mitigate
to
optimal
olfac-
illness
thoughl
you. that
off
immune
about
it facilitates
overwhelm behaviours
of aromatherapy
from
Wilkinson,
life-threatening
is that
better
work.
stimufate
with
accentuating
affecting
essential
mediators
assumption
aromatherapy
is that
conditioning
overactivity
and
modu-
examine
immune
of life factors associated
interesting
when an
quality
morbidity
of immune
respectively. we
are able to both
stave
healthier.
tory
relief
systems
or
continuing,
most
they
not wait-
use
recovery
to
A basic
to
function
only
reactions
lines,
nearly
between
‘leaming
to
everyday
the
feel better,
until
the
help
beneficial
you
proactive
embrace
as anti-
in
around
between
mecha-
effect
be modulated
prevent
phar-
or
the oils
disease
tem.
command,
or respond
immune
in
and
the
to
act
agents diseases:
reduce
ing
illness.
oils are able
regulating
can
and
to make
Thus,
at the
these
the mind
is not
susceptible
that
chronic
to exert
/ them
our
process
is most
three
and
by life
look
concept
What
the
and
inflammatory
immune
to the
lation.
improve
oils are
chemopreventive
of essential
is able
to
associations
affects
are able
effects
of
benefit
symptoms.
affect
mind
effects
a close
processes
odourants
poten-
essential
it is
of biochemical
chemotherapeutic
deletorious
essential
of inflammatory The
they
where
system.
We discuss
how
Since
comprised
inflammatory,
serious
affected
response
mediators,
to action.
molecules,
factors
immune
immune
III
immune
relationlife
adversely
factors
of
aromatherapy
mood
state-of-mind
states
macological the importance
ships
i&
odourants
down
II discusses
affecting
/ pathophysiological
processing
system.
Part
basic
the
and
hea1l.h
of health
of olfactory
demonstrated is the
in two
from
a proactive
stand-
ways:
(1) through
doing
something
about
more
directly,
to
experimentally
studies and
germane aromatherapy
that
the
mind
affects
(2)
different
behaviour
through
is
physical
fundamentally our
in mind
our
and, body
:hemistry.
Beneath
I 1’psychic
state
,af chemical 1health
signals
and
and
play
odour
affective
affects
states,
cognitive with
mance,
and
sick-mindedness;
shows
that
odourants
Iasev
et al.,
1969;
1990;
Takeuchi
et al., 1991; Other oil
odourants
activity dently
of
(personal
the
associations tional
that
to
al.,
1991;
Klemm
et al.,
macodynamic and
immune
‘The
fact
chemistry
affected
perceptivity
mission
and
through I (Alexander, / shown that I present to (Kirk-Smith
&
Kikuchi
It is through
of mind
any
discipline.
system
thoughts,
emotions,
the
For 1995;
1999).
1983),
be
effect indeed,
ceils
which
such
as from
toxins,
other
disease-
of scientific
research
series
on the
for
strengthenthrough
a
its
its ultimately
immune
oils
sense
varied,
may
functions
do even
(see
et al., 1999a;
perception
may
of
complex rnethods
from
ple Shinde
play
context
the
other
standpoint
underlying
total
upon
where
aromodality
oils are enormous. in
depend
of
advancing self-care
essential PNI
presupports
implications
for
essential
via
Evidence
codynamic
role
hypothea key role
of articles ‘l’he
as
mechanisms, using
aller-
parasites,
of more
a pharmafor
exam-
199913)
odour
an immeasurable
the feel-good
dynamics
agents. field
medical
diagnosis
concerns
itself
and
with
has
evolved
the
complex
between
emotional
physioiogi-
factors,
the
brain,
immunity,
and
new
is
psychoneuroim-
field
munology, call
for
and
hormones,
mines
smell
is to
external
and
body
a multielements
of
fungi,
A new
cai
it has been
or
cancerous
the
against
invasion,
the
not
ail
augmentations
Though does
of
as applied
functionality
pure
is health
theory
by
findings
using
positive
oils can play
supposition.
our
to
health
disease
rests
in this
apt
physiological
The
is a
ultimate
how
biosynthesis.
sented
also
defends
the
against
positive
behavior on
is of
good
aegis
metabolic
issues. health
emotional
immune
controls
of inter-related
body
ing
designed
be more
not
PNI
essential
matherapy
of disease:
inter-relationships
mechanisms
not
and
that
bacteria,
which
response)
need
internal
and
neurotrans-
a conditioned
could
to
the
that
by sys-
good
theory
an
these
connec-
pathways
us
decisions
as immunomodulants
this
Alexander,
these
purpose
the
gens,
body
psychological
perceptivity
array
(see
of these
forms
primary
causing
by odour
though
that
and
various
in con-
influence
system most
defend
et al., 1997;
both
aphorism
sis that
reg-
processing 1991;
pervasive
immune
and
ambi-
please
health-related
to aromatherapy
the
systems
an overview
biological
layered
and
inter-related
et al.,
for
phar-
al.,
et al.,
odourant
elicit
2000b
essen-
chemicals
physiological
ZOOOb),
state
are coextensive
these
tions).
exerts
1991;
(see
(the
(the
neuro-
al.,
is behaviour
are
response)
are
Lorig
Santos
with
1990;
against
vale
defense
There
et al.,
on brain
1998;
et al.,
numerous
that
mechanism
our
The
connecting
the body’s
systems.
Shibata
et
et al., 1996;
with
emo-
alter
et
pathways
connections
aromas,
of
The
profitdbie
a biological monitor
1961;
developments
discovery
physiological
ulatory
recent
the
and
potentiality
Tly.ydirl et al.,
important been
brain
inputs
into
dynamics
principle.
psychoneuroimmunological
tem, to
pleasuris a chief
odours
embodiments.
olfactory
the
of
translate
and
with
Miyake
I Yamada
Badia
effects
obverse
junction
1989;
Kiisabetsky
1987;
other
Sugano,
example
al.,
the
et al., 1994).
or
example
effect
al.,
oifac-
factor
The
healthy
to this
biofeedback
Among
perceptive
studies show that s have a direct
odourants
et
in reinforcing
the
by
health.
of aromatherapy
mental
1992).
Still other oil
et
Nasel
has
or
to pharmacologically
1988;
1990;
and
of the
affected
factor
precipitating
good
effect
ent
stimulation,
aspects
is a major overall
important
stimulation occurred
(Sprague
Gustavson
1992).
indepen-
olfactory
for
that
were
odourant
neuropsychic
toward
(see
other
system
Nagai
work
memory
that
was
that
tory
essential
like/dislike
content)
Schwartz,
tial
show
like
chemistry
et
1991;
hedonic
suggest
able
& Dember;
al.,
seem
values
which
Warm
stimulate
and
suggest
even
it. ‘Ibese
directly
&Williams,
studies
sense
for able
people
by odour
not
and/or
For example
et
affected could
the
(see
Roberts
to be they
unconscious
which may
behaviour
tended though
by 1 health who
between
bcalth
influence
and
receiving
perfor-
correlations
smell)
brain
cognizant (people
receptors
mood,
and
made
anosmics
the
reveal
including
as was that
of the olfactory
perceptions
states
fact
and
important
studies
effect,
the
observations
affecting
Many
any
cannot
our
behaviour
thereby
system.
other
an
both
chemistry,
and
alter
mechanisms.
can
ambient
can
defense
bomatherapy
Ithat
our
by influencing
role by influencing
immune
our-
complex
to disease
body’s
Ibody
surface,
monitoring
fitness,
jusceptibility (our
the
is an interactive
called
which
PNl.
This the
belief
for medical that
disease.
brevity’s
This
sake
we
field
of study
good
psychic
“The ambient effects of odours that please us translate into profitable decisions by the psychoneuroimmunological systern, a biological mechanism designed to monitor our ealth-berated issues.”
I
upon
value
1LS pulaL~ve
ing
the
whole
standpoint
from
(Corner
Komori
et
the
perceived
health,
to affect
al.,
1995;
health
in
on
suggest
effective Facilitating between
(Knasko,
1992;
ple
tal state,
system
a sensory
LO
throughout. the
body
and
information
about environment.
immune
sysLem
antigens
basic
kinds:
connections,
its
own
body
illness mood
by
oils the
can
because
to
we
onset
ways
anxiety
and
and
There
fcel-
capable
can
are
olfactory
defensive
external
to help or flu,
depressed
occurring changes
and immune
in the brain within
systems
3f routes,
including
pathways
and
either
nerve
impair
lumber lave
or
channels)
ntracellular
“There are strihing similarities in o~actoy recognition and immunological recognition.”
second
within
the
n
the
cell’s
urn,
sensitive
:ules
(Hildebrand
to
other is
an
health
rowed
to explain
helping movement
are released
immune
extracellular & Shepherd,
are,
immune CNS
engineering
brain,
mole-
immune
I997
through
and
have
parLs
bor-
~
of the brain
~
other,
much
circuits.
like
~
tis-
’
con-
/ I I !,
‘l‘he
system
are
by a rich
nerve
supply
of
connections other
are
things,
development, of
Lo Hard
researchers
among
activity
lymphocytes
and
for and other
cells.
The in
to commuhard-wired
connections.
bow
the
the
and
professionals
responsibie,
receptors
are
in electrical
These
by
the
to each
the wiring
messengers.
into
the
electrical
mental
to the
that
they
by nerve
nerves.
activated
pri-
for believing
thaL neurological
of
the
system,
are meant
is that
nected
by molecular
reason
system
nicatc
cells
are
membrane
immune
of
that
olfactory
a vast
messengers cell
the
to
second
lhese
brain,
sues
channels
syssystem
mechaniarn. good
OlfacLory
membrane thaL
are
responding
quickly
molecules.
excitatory
:ion
and
and of
the olfactory
are connected
systems
immune
immune
evolved
Lerm
coincidence.
the
mechanism
wiring
both
mechanism,
-
environ-
jusi
of recognizing
appropriately
messengers.
than
is an ofcensive
biological
survival
similarities
are
it is
chemosensitivity
internal
of these
1990),
mal evolutionary
each
that
evolutionary
components
immune
systems
primal
from
LhaL &e
of operation
instance,
:apable
a variety
specialized
chemical may
can
the endocrine through
more
For
same in the
important
chemoscnsitivc
3robably
mood.
are
:n the mechanisms wo
of the
is
to be modi-
of the body’s
One
system
some
in the
I‘here
in
evolved
partially
(Dethier, olfaction
raLher,
occur
messenger
needs
the
that
or,
immunologi-
determinations
makes
ment.
to com-
olfaclory
environment
system
tem
the
similarilies and
of making
self vs. non-self
use
system
Given
an extension
have
other.
‘I‘he
ion channel
likely
mecha-
can
the second
and
striking
recognition.
nor
by
molecu-
rapidity
neither
very
they
simply
process
impressive
because
of olfaction
these
of the one of
existing
This
fied.
that
recognition
receptors.
the
a cell to any
of molecules
role
The
like
or modifying
with
of Lwo
- to enable
each
lar
can,
mechanisms).
respond
number
path-
immune
with
creating
using
of
a purpose
cell system,
chemical
implies
the
municate
case,
better
of a cold
for
A
aromatherapy
instance,
evolved
we and
help
strongly
oltictory
of these
pathways and
nature
nisms
brain
immune
thoughts,
in various
offset
with
in which
using
full
central
changes
our
For
specialized
the
indicators,
it
then
togeLher
behaviours
with
It
of information
modulate and
have
to the
(CNS),
feel
bodily
that
and
change.
kind
to
effect
electrical
are
neuropeptides,
This
produce
and
An
a vast
mediate
molecules.
treatments.
The
transmission
an overview
in
pathways
that
hormones,
abouL
Events
These
types
messenger
able
and
other.
same
for
by system
using
us to oncoming
prevent
immune
other
information
essential
and
ways
response.
deal
of
the
progress
includ-
system
ings,
olfactory
the presence
radical
we can
the
brain
“One good reason for believing the brain, the olfactory system, and the immune system are meant to communicate is that they are hard-wired to each other by nerve connections.”
immune
physiopathways
responds),
this
other
and
For example,
the
each
of
investigators
system
information
are
198Os,
to which
undergone
alert
influence are
men-
facLors
of
nervous
with
the brain,
considerable
the
immune
(aggravating
cells
relays
internal
made
which
providing
path-
the
nerve
immune
ing
the
the
understanding
distributed
system
detects
have
immune
and
endocrine
external
the
organ,
the
brain
the
two-way
behaviour.
Since liken
are multi-
within
influences
and
and body. relay
systems
acLivity
also
system
survival
superimposed
‘l‘hus,
system
researchers
immune
information
three
1
CNS,
of the whole
the Lhese
and
ways.
Some
and
The
to ensure
functioning
has the power
affecting
ways.
sysLem
together
of odour
1993).
function,
several
endocrine work
of odourants
ror instance,
immune
health
Experiments
effects
perception
enhance
a psychic
et
1995).
al.,
measuring
that
m slrengthen-
sysLem
second the
olfactory system
an
array
principal
way system,
the and
communicate of special
is chemical
~
messenger
molecules.
the immune
system
three
chief
terns
- have
number
of chemical
their
importance
were
the
once brain
now
known
system
certain other
were
once
messengers
that
be exclusive
to the immune
nervous
means
the
of
neu-
chemical to
system
steroids,
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