Biological oceanography Apparatus and methods

108

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to look at the advantages and disadvantages of using computerized, primarily non-bibliographic databases; to discuss their future development and utility; and to learn from past experience. About half the databases discussed are resource oriented. One paper deals specifically with marine databases. (fcs) 82:0862 Lander, J.F. (ed.), 1981. CODATA Directory of Data Sources for Science & Technology. Chapter 5: seismology. CODATA Bull., 42:54pp. Includes subject, name and country indexes, and an acronyms list. 82:0863 Morack, J.L. and J.C. Rogers, 1981. Seismic evidence of shallow permafrost beneath islands in the Beaufort Sea, Alaska. Arctic, 34(2):169-174. Shallow ice-bonded permafrost areas were located by seismic velocity contrasts in bonded (~2500 m/s) and unbonded materials (<2100 m/s). Such permafrost conditions occur where tundra remnants remain; generally where islands have been eroded to sand and gravel permafrost no longer exists, although some of the largest migrating islands still have small permafrost pockets at their innermost

reaches. Dept. of Phys., Univ. of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska 99701, USA. (dme)

82:0864 Shapira, Avi, 1981. T phases from underwater explosions off the coast of Israel. Bull. seism. Soc. Am., 71(4):1049-1059. An offshore seismic operation involving 800-kg TNT shots, detonated in 100 m of water, enabled the study of T phases at portable seismic coastal stations. Duration of the T wave train and T wave phases, velocities, amplitudes and attenuation are discussed. Inst. for Petroleum Res. and Geophysics, P.O. Box 1717. Holon 53 l l7, Israel. (fcs)

82:0865 Weber, Charles, 1981. The cause of midocean ridges. Speculations Sci. Technol., 4(2): 151-156. It is proposed that the entirety of the seafloor is neither spreading nor being rafted, but that much thinner lava flows are shoved laterally over nearly stationary sediments by a solid basaltic wedge in the rift zone that sort of acts as a 'huge hydraulic piston." 141 Mt. Horeb Rd., Warren, N.J. 07060, USA. (fcs)

E. BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY El0. Apparatus and methods 82:0866 Cohen, R.R.H. and M.R. Church, 1981. A method for studying primary productivity and photosynthesis in unenclosed batch cultures and field samples. Arch. Hydrobiol., 91 (2): 231-241. USGS, Water Resources Div., NR, Reston, Va. 22092, USA. 82:0867 Edgerton, H.E., 1981. Electronic flash sources and films for plankton photography. J. biol. photogr. Ass., 49(1):25-26.

Methods for photographing live plankton under different conditions (e.g., shipboard) are described; as photography improves, it may supplant drawings of plankton for educational and research purposes. MIT, Cambridge, Mass. 02139, USA. (smf) 82:0868 Ferngmdez P., Hugo, L.D. Mee and E.F. Mandelli, 1979. An adapted technique for primary production determinations in high turbidity waters. An. Cent. Ci~nc. Mar Limnol., Univ. nac. aut6n. M~x., 6(2):67-70. (In Spanish, English abstract.) Centro de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia, Univ. Nac. Auton. de Mexico, D.F., Mexico.

OLR (1982) 29 (2)

E. Biological Oceanography

82:0869 Mann, E.H. and H. Kirkman, 1981. Biomass method for measuring productivity of Ecklonia rad/ata, with the potential for adaptation to other large brown algae. Aust. J. mar. Freshwat. Res., 32(2):297-304. Laboratory measurements saved time spent underwater and lessened errors in underwater measurements. Production could 'be calculated by multiplying biomass per unit length (maximum biomass zone) by increase in primary blade length.' Large populations are needed for this destructive sampling; measurement of erosion at the plant tip is still a problem. Bedford Inst. of Oceanogr., Box 1006, Dartmouth, N.S. Canada B2Y4A2. (ahm) 82:0870 Meadows, P.S., E.A. Deans and J.G. Anderson, 1981. Responses of Corophinm volntator [Amphipoda] to sediment sulphide. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., 61(3):739-748. An adaptable technique developed for completely replacing interstitial waters in sediments without disturbance was used in choice and non-choice experiments on the amphipod's burrowing behavior in sediments containing sulphide. Dept. of Zool., Univ. of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. (izs) 82:0871 Rivkin, R.B. and H.H. Seliger, 1981. Liquid scintillation counting for 14C uptake of single algal cells isolated from natural samples. Limnol. Oceanogr., 26(4):780-785. Regression analysis of uptake rates per cell for cells isolated from unialgal cultures gave results identical to uptake rates per cell measured by conventional ~4C techniques. Relative standard errors of regression coefficients ranged 3-10%, indicating that for any species there was little variation in photosynthesis per cell. Dept. of Biol., Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, Md. 21218, USA. 82:0872 Schoener, Amy and C.H. Greene, 1981. Comparison between destructive and nondestructive sampling of sessile epibenthic organisms. Limnol. Oceanogr., 26(4):770-774. For identical fouling panels, initially there was no evidence for differences in development of organisms between sampling techniques. However, later results indicated that treatment effects associated wit h handling the nondestructively sampled panels could influence panel development. Dept. of Oceanog., Univ. of Washington, Seattle, Wash. 98195, USA.

109

82:0873 Sonntag, N.C. and John Parslow, 1981. Technique of systems identification applied to estimating copepod production. J. Plankt. Res., 3(3):461-473. The systems identification approach makes use of all available data and does not require prior knowledge of population parameters; it is deemed a 'consistent and powerful methodology' for estimation of herbivore production. Comparison with other methods is included. ESSA, Ltd., 678 West Broadway, Vancouver, B.C., V5Z 1G6, Canada. (ahm)

E40. Area studies, surveys (baselines, ecology, etc.) 82:0874 Agur, Z. and U.N. Safriel, 1981. Why is the Mediterranean more readily colonized than the Red Sea by organisms using the Suez Canal as a passageway? Oecologia, 49(3):359-361. A mathematical hydraulic model plus a computer simulation of propagule movement showed the canal's currents are an 'effective physical barrier' to southward dispersal of Mediterranean species (only 10 so far) but allow for northward dispersal of Red Sea species (over 120). Univ. Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, C.P. 231, 1050 Brussels, Belgium. (ahm) 82:0875 Gajbhiye, S.N. et al., 1981. [Western India: Malvan fauna, and plankton of the Narmada, Shastri and Kajvi estuaries.] Mahasagar, 14(1):23-44, 55-60; 3 papers. National Inst. of Oceanogr., Regional Centre, Bombay 400 061, India. 82:0876 Loesch, Harold, 1980. Some ecological observations on slow-swimming nekton with emphasis on penaeid shrimp in a small Mexican west coast estuary [Estero Soldado, Sonora]. An. Cent. Cidnc. Mar Limnol., Univ. nac. aut$n. M~x.,

7(1):15-26. 1232 Dahlia St., Baton Rouge, La. 70808, USA.

E50. General biology, ecology, biogeography, etc. 82:0877 Muscatine, L., L.R. McCloskey and R.E. Marian, 1981. Estimating the daily contribution of carbon from zooxantbellae to coral animal respiration. Limnol. Oceanogr., 26(4):601-611.

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An equation is derived which rigorously defines the photosynthesis/respiration ratio for any alga/invertebrate symbiotic association and permits the computation of the fractional contribution of translocated algal C tO the daily respiratory C requirement of the host. Given certain assumptions, algae in the shallow-water Hawaiian reef corals Pocillopora damicornis and Fungia scutaria can supply on the order of 63 and 69% of the daily respiratory C demand of their respective hosts. Dept. of Biol., Univ. of California, Los Angeles, Calif. 90024, USA.

82:0882 Cox, J.L., 1981. Laminarinase induction in marine zooplankton and its variability in zooplankton samples. J. Plankt. Res., 3(3):345-356. Mar. Sci. Inst., Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, Calif. 93106, USA.

82:0878 Wainwright, S.J., 1980. Plants in relation to salinity. [Review.] Adv. bot. Res., 8:221-261. Dept. of Bot. and Microbiol., Univ. Coll. Swansea, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales.

Additions of nitrate, ammonium, urea, phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, and zooplankton excretion products all stimulated photosynthesis. Germanic acid (a diatom photosynthesis inhibitor) was used to examine N- and P-limitation. Low nutrient levels may be the cause of summer abundance of microflagellates, efficient utilizers of nutrients at low concentrations. The Lab., Mar. Biol. Assoc., Citadel Hill, Plymouth, UK. (mjj)

E80. Plankton (also p r i m a r y productivity,

82:0883 Davies, A.G. and J.A. Sleep, 1981. Nutrient stimulation of carbon fixation in summertime English Channel phytoplankton assemblages. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., 61(3):551-563.

seston a n d detritus) 82:0879 Anderson, J.T. and J.C. Roff, 1980. Subsurface chlorophyll a maximum in Hudson Bay [Canada]. Naturaliste can., 107(4):207-2 ! 3. During summer 1975 an extensive subsurface chlorophyll maximum occurred with chlorophyll concentrations 1.8~i3 times surface values. One of the most northerly and highly developed layers ever reported, this offshore maximum showed characteristics similar to layers in stable oligotrophic waters in other marine areas. Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans, P.O. Box 5667, St. John's, Nfld., A1C 5X1, Canada. (mwf) 82:0880 Bologa, A.S., M. Usurelu and P.T. Frangopol, 1981. Planktonic primary productivity of Romanian surface coastal waters (Black Sea) in 1979. Oceanologica Acta, 4(3):343-349. Taxonomic composition and biomass of the major primary producers were determined. The C-14 method rendered mean values ranging between 47.2 (January) and 475.4 (March) mg C m 3 day ~ and a mean total primary production of 54.8 g C m 3 yr Romanian Mar. Res. Inst., R-8700 Constantza, Romania. 82:0881 Champalbert, Gis~le, 1981. [Neuston and its problems.] Oceanis, 7(2): 131-147. (In French, English abstract.) Lab. d'Hydrobiol, mar., Centre Univ. de Luminy 70, Route Leon Lachamp, 13009 Marseille, France.

82:0884 Garside, C., 1981. Nitrate and ammonia uptake in the apex of the New York Bight. Limnol. Oceanogr., 26(4):731-739. N uptake was regulated by light intensity and was saturated at 50/~Einst • m 2 • s t or less. Particulate N doubling times, N productivity, and the relationship between N uptake and environmental parameters are considered. Bigelow Lab. for Ocean Sci., McKown Point, West Boothbay Harbor, Maine 04575, USA. (mjj) 82:0885 Georgiev, Yu.S. and L.V. Georgieva, 1981. Conditions of the formation of planktonic algae swarmings in the subsurface layer of the near-Bosporus region of the Black Sea. Okeanologiia, 21(3):516-522. (In Russian, English abstract.) 82:0886 Holtby, L.B. and Roy Knoechel, 1981. Zooplankton filtering rates: error due to loss of radioisotopic label in chemically preserved samples. Limnol. Oceanogr, 26(4):774-780. The commonly used combination of 32p-labeled yeast and Formalin preservation produced maximal loss in both magnitude and duration (reaching 73% after 3 days); ethanol preservation resulted in only 5% loss for the same food. Lugors iodine yielded best results for animals fed JaC-labeled algae: a 40% loss that stabilized within 3 h. Non-chemical preservation (heat-killing and drying) produced filtering rates comparable with those of the best chemical

OLR (1982) 29 (2)

E. Biological Oceanography

preservative. Pacific Biol. Station, Nanaimo, BC V9R 5K6, Canada. 82:0887 Horrigan, S.G. and J.J. McCarthy, 1981. Urea uptake by phytoplankton at various stages of nutrient depletion. J. Plankt. Res., 3(3):403-414. Batch cultures of Thalassiosira pseudonana and Skeletonema costatum were able to rapidly take up urea under pre-, at-, and post-depletion conditions with respect to NO2 and NO3 levels. Initial instantaneous uptake rate for urea was constant and greater than rates needed for cellular doubling. Scripps Inst. of Oceanography, La Jolla, Calif. 92093, USA. (mjj) 82:0888 Hung, Tsu-Chang, Shiang-Ho Lin and Aileen Chuang, 1980. Relationships among particulate organic carbon, chlorophyll a and primary productivity in the seawater along the northern coast of Talwan. Acta oceanogr, taiwan., 11:70-88. POC showed a linear relationship with both chlorophyll a and primary productivity. Average values for all 3 parameters are presented for April, June, July and November. Inst. of Oceanogr., National Taiwan Univ., Taipei, Taiwan. (slr) 82:0889 Kotori, Moriyuki, 1981. Plankton investigations in Ishikari Bay, Hokkaldo [Japan]. V. 'Biomass curves' of zooplankton during the warm season (June-November) from 1975 to 1979. Scient. Rept Hokkaido Fish. expl Stn, 23:1-7. (In Japanese, English abstract.) Hokkaido Central Fisheries Experimental Station, Japan.

111

abstract.) Includes extensive species lists. Lab. di Ecol. vegetale, Ist. Botanico dell'Univ, di Firenze, Italy. 82:0892 Maddock, Linda, G.T. Boalch and D.S. Harbour, 198 I. Populations of phytoplankton in the western English Channel between 1964 and 1974. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K, 61(3):565-583. Eleven years' data (species counts at different depths) from 3 stations were subjected to multivariate analysis; clear seasonal cycles are indicated despite large interannual variations; positions of particular species in the water column appeared related to water temperature. The Lab., Mar. Biol. Assoc., Citadel Hill, Plymouth, UK. (sir) g2:0893 Marra, John, Gene Landriau Jr. and H.W. Ducklow, 1981. Tracer kinetics and plankton rate processes in oligntrophic oceans. Mar. Biol. Letts, 2(4): 215-223. Based on a simple time course model, the ~4C method should adequately estimate primary production in 4-24 h incubations even under rapid growth and when production (by phytoplankton) and consumption (by zooplankton and bacteria) are in equilibrium. Lamont-Doherty Geol. Observ., Palisades, N.Y. 10964, USA. (mjj) 82:0894 Moraitou-Apostolopoulou, M., 1978. [Surface layer (0-100 cm) zooplankton in the Saronlkns Gulf, Greece. I. General community aspects.] Thalassographica, 2(2):155-172. (In French, English abstract.) Lab. de Zool., Univ. d'Athens, Greece.

82:0890 Legendre, Louis, 1981. The physical control of phytoplankton production at short and mesoscales. Oceanis, 7(2):119-129. (In French, English summary.)

82:0895 Packard, T.T. and P.J. leB. Williams, 1981. Rates of respiratory oxygen consumption and electron transport in surface seawater from the northwest Atlantic. Oceanologica Acta, 4(3):351-358.

Phytoplankton growth and spatiotemporal organization are controlled in large part by water column stability and turbulence, in turn controlled by frontal dynamics at the shelf-break, wind in coastal areas, and tides in estuaries. Dept. de Biol., Univ. Laval, Quebec G I K 7P4, Canada. (mjj)

Respiratory electron transport system (ETS) activity in whole, unconcentrated plankton samples was related to measured respiration by a regression equation. Respiration in the July water column above the 0.01% light level was 8.9 g 02 day -t m -2 in the Gulf of Maine and 5.6 g O2day -~ m -2 in continental slope water (equivalent to 3.3 and 2.1 g C d a y ~m 2), which exceeded primary production at the time. Bigelow Lab. for Ocean Sci., West Boothbay Harbor, Maine 04575, USA. (mjj)

82:0891 Lenzi Grillini, Carlo and Luigi Lazzara, 1980. Annual cycle of phytoplankton in the coastal waters of the Parco Naturale della Maremma [west Italy]. II. Flora and community variations. G. bot. ital., 114(5): 199-215. (In Italian, English

82:0896 Reyssac, J., 1978/79. [African Atlantic biogeographic provinces: principal phytoplankton characteris-

112

E. Biological O c e a n o g r a p h y

tics.I Vie Milieu, (AB)28/29(3):353-370. (In French, English abstract.) From Gibraltar to Cap Blanc (the Mauritanian Province) and from Cap Frio to Capetown (Namaqualand Province), strong cold upwellings support similar, highly productive, cosmopolitan phytoplankton assemblages. The intervening Guinean Province has a primarily tropical assemblage; generally lower productivity is observed except in the case of temporary localized upwellings. West African phytoplankton biogeographic boundaries correspond largely with faunal ones. Lab. d'Ichtyologie gen. et appl., 43, rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France. (sir) 82:0897 Rhee, G-Y. and l.J. Gotham, 1981. The effect of environmental factors on phytoplankton growth. I. Temperature and the interactions of temperature with nutrient limitation. II. Light and the interactions of light with nitrate limitation. Limnol. Oceanogr., 26(4):635-659; 2 papers. Algae grown in chemostat and turbidostat cultures required more nutrients per cell, and contained more chlorophyll a, as temperature or irradiance decreased. Combined effects of nutrient limitation and temperature (or light) stress were 'greater than the sum of individual effects and were not multiplicative.' Effects of temperature on optimal N:P ratios and on protein synthesis were also investigated. Environ. Health Inst., N.Y. St. Dept. of Health, Albany, N.Y. 12201, USA. (mjj)

82:0898 Sevrin-Reyssac, Josette, 1980. ]Qualitative, quantitative and biogeographic research on Brazilian coastal phytoplankton: comparison with west African populations.] Bull. Mus. natn. Hist. nat., Paris, (4)2(B, Bot., 4):295-339. (In French, English summary.) Equivalent biogeographic provinces (warm) are areatly very different, extending from 20°N to 20°S along the Brazilian coast but only from 10°N to the Equator along west Africa. Less than 30% of species are common to both coasts. African waters experience many upwellings and support large phytoplankton populations; Brazilian waters are generally less productive except inshore and in polluted areas. Mus. national d'Histoire nat., 43, rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France. (sir) 82:0899 Shah, N.M., 1975. Primary standing crop and a few related oceanographic features in the Laccadive

O L R t 1982) 29 (2)

Sea off Cochin IS.W. India]: one annual cycle. J. mar. biol. Ass. India, 17(2):168-174.

The period May-October shows the highest phytoplankton standing crop; January, the lowest. Upwelling, nutrient cycles and sinking are discussed. Univ. of Kerala Oceanogr. Lab., Cochin, India. (ahm) 82:0900 Subba Rao, D.V., 1981. Growth response of marine phytoplankters to selected concentrations of trace metals. Botanica mar., 24(7):369-379. The 8 algal species tested showed significant growth differences when subjected to varying levels of Cu, Zn. Co, Mn, Mo and Fe in Woods Hole medium. Bedford Inst. of Oceanog., P.O. Box 1006, Dartmouth, N.S., B2Y 4A2, Canada. (ahm) 82:0901 Turpin, D.H., J.S. Parslow and P.J. Harrison, 1981. On limiting nutrient patchiness and phytoplankton growth: a conceptual approach. J. Plankt. Res., 3(3):421-431. Relationships among patchiness, average substrate concentration and phytoplankton growth rate are modeled within a theoretical framework. Two conclusions emerge: (1) individual growth rates, if affected by degree of patchiness, can alter community structure (even with no ambient nutrient concentration change) and (2) temporal distribution of patchiness can significantly lower the growth half-saturation constant for patch-adapted populations. Dept. of Oceanog., Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. V6T IW5, Canada. (ahm) 82:0902 Williams, P.J. leB., 1981. Microbial contribution to overall marine plankton metabolism: direct measurements of respiration. Oeeanologica Acta, 4(3 ):359-364. During diatom blooms, it was possible to demonstrate with some certainty that the respiratory activity associated with small size fractions was not due to microalgae. It is argued that the observed size distribution of respiration is at variance with present conceptual models of the food chain. Dept. of Oceanog., The University, Southampton, UK. 82:0903 Wilson, D.P., 1981. An experimental search for phytoplanktonic algae producing external metabolites which condition natural sea waters. J mar. biol. Ass. U.K., 61(3):585-607. About half of the 29 species of diatoms and flagellates examined did not produce metabolites

OLR (1982)29 (2)

E. BiologicalOceanography

which affected the eggs or larvae of sea urchins (2 spp.) or a polychaete. The remainder (especially Olisthodiscus luteus) produced metabolites which ranged from harmful to favorable depending on larval crowding and seawater dilution. The Lab., Mar. Biol. Assoc., Citadel Hill, Plymouth, UK. (mjj)

E90. Sargassum and symbionts (also similar communities) 82:0904 Nabata, Shin-ichi, Yoshiaki Niihara, Minoru Matsuya and Fumio Takei, 1981. Ecological studies on Sargnssum confusum from Rishiri Island in northern Hokkaido [Japan]. Scient. Rept Hokkaido Fish. expl Stn, 23:53-64. (In Japanese, English summary.) Hokkaido Wakkanai Fish. Experimental Sta., Japan.

El00. N e k t o n

(communities; also fish, reptiles, m a m m a l s )

82:0905 Bustard, H.R. and B.C. Choudhury, 1980. Conservation future of the saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus Schneider) in India. J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc., 77(2):201-214. Central Crocodile Breeding and Management Training Inst., Hyderabad-500 264, India. 82:0906 Love, R.H., 1981. A model for estimating distributions of fish school target strengths. Deep-Sea Res., 28(7A):705-725. Naval Ocean Res. and Develop. Activity, NSTL Station, Miss. 39529, USA. 82:0907 Mansfield, A.W. (chairman), 1981. Interaction between grey seal populations and fish species. ICES coop. Res. Rept, 101:17pp.

Discussion covers grey seal population status; species and quantities of fish consumed; damage to fishing gear; competition between seals and humans; management options and their probable effects; management strategies; and recommendations for population management. ICES, Palaegade 2-4, DK1261 Copenhagen K, Denmark. (smf) 82:0908 MOiler, Heino, 1981. Field guide to the diagnosis of fish diseases and important fish parasites in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. Ber. Inst. Meeresk.

113

Christian-Albrechts-Univ., 86:65pp. (English and German.) Includes 56 color photos. Inst. fur Meereskunde, Dusternbrooker Weg 20, D-2300 Kiel, FRG. 82:0909 Morris, Robert, D.V. Ellis and B.P. Emerson, 1981. The British Columbia transplant of sea otters Enhydra lutris. Biol. Conserv., 20(4):291-295. Ellis: Biol. Dept., Univ. of Victoria, B.C. V8W 2Y2, Canada. 82:0910 Parkes, A.S., 1981. Reproduction in the green sea turtle, Chelonia mydns. Syrup. zool. Soc. Lond., 46:253-265. 1 The Bramleys, Shepreth, Royston, Hefts SG8 6PY, UK. 82:0911 Zoeger, J., J.R. Dunn and M. Fuller, 1981. Magnetic material in the head of the common Pacific dolphin. Science, 213(4510):892-894.

Reportedly the first occurrence mammal, the magnetic material dura mater of Delphinus delphis 2 × 10-5 gauss-cm 3. Sensory and are suggested. Los Angeles Wilmington, Calif. 90744, USA.

of magnetite in a isolated from the has a moment of navigational roles Harbor College, (izs)

Ell0. Bottom communities 82:0912 Anad6n, Ricardo, 1980. Benthic macrofauna of the Foz Estuary, NW Spain: ecological studies. I. Species composition, structure, dynamics and production of the communities. Investigaci6n pesq., Barcelona, 44(3):407-444. (In Spanish, English summary.) Dept. de Zool. y Ecol., Univ. de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain. 82:0913 Buhr, K.-J., 1981. Effects of the cold winter 1978/79 on the macrobenthos of the Lan/ce-association in the Weser Estuary [Germany]. VerOff. Inst. Meeresforsch. Bremerh., 19(1):115-131. (In German, English abstract.)

Devastated by severe ice conditions and water temperatures < 0 ° C for 45 consecutive days, no 'steady macrofauna' has re-established and the total number of both species and individuals has decreased. Inst. fur Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, D 2850 Bremerhaven, FRG. (izs)

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E. Biological Oceanography

82:0914 Chandrasekhara Rao, G., 1975. Interstitial fauna 1199 spp.] in the intertidal sands of the Andaman and Nicobar group of islands. J. mar. biol. Ass. India, 17(2):116-128. Zool. Survey of India, Calcutta, India. 82:0915 Hiscock, Keith, 1981. The rocky shore ecology of Suliom Voe [Shetland]. Proc. R. Soc. Edinb., (B)80(1/4):219-240.

Within the wide variety of communities, differences in species' distribution, abundance and vertical extent were related to shore slope, exposure to wave action and substrate stability. Sullom Voe's communities appear stable but 'impoverished' in terms of species numbers when compared to southern British Isles' shores. Includes extensive species lists. Orielton Field Centre, Pembroke, Dyfed, Wales. (ahm) 82:0916 Kautsky, Hans, Bertil Widbom and Fredrik Wulff, 1981. Vegetation macrofanna and benthic meiofanna in the phytal zone of the archipelago of Lule~-Bothnian Bay. Ophelia, 20(1):53-77.

Subject to the lowest salinities (0-3 ppt) and coldest temperatures of the entire Baltic, as well as to physical scouring, the predominantly sandy shallows support a depauperate benthos and only ~10% of the pelagic primary production of the northern Baltic. Meio- and macrofauna are of equal importance; microphytes contribute more to the system than do macrophytes. Dept. of Zool., Univ. of Stockholm, Box 6801, S-11386 Stockholm, Sweden. (sir) 82:0917 Loi, Tran-ngoc, 1981. Environmental stresses and intertidal assemblages on hard substrates in the Port of Long Beach, California, USA. Mar. Biol., 63(2):197-211. Acad. of Natural Sci. of Philadelphia, Nineteen and The Parkway, Philadelphia, Penn. 19103, USA. 82:0918 McLachlan, A. et al., 1981. Sand beach energetics: an ecosystem approach toward a high energy interface. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci., 13(1):11-25.

Energy flow and nutrient cycles are diagrammed for the major biotic communities of South Africa's open sandy beaches. The beach and surf zone are seen as a definable and relatively closed ecosystem with 'phytoplankton the producers, macrofauna the consumers and interstitial...meiofauna the decomposers.' Nutrients released by the interstitial biota may cause

OLR (1982) 29 (2)

blooms of surf zone phytoplankton. Zool. Dept., Univ. of Port Elizabeth, P.O. Box 1600, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa. (mjj) 82:0919 McLachlan, A., H.W. Lombard and S. Louwrens, 1981. Trophic structure and biomass distribution on two East Cape [South Africa] rocky shores. S. Afr. J. Zool., 16(2):85-89.

Among the findings: macrofauna species numbered more (67) on the sheltered shore than on the exposed shore (61); 40 of the 88 macrofauna taxa were common to both areas, as were 9 of 36 macroalgae taxa; and lower faunal biomass values were obtained on the sheltered shore. Zool. Dept., Univ. of Port Elizabeth, P.O. Box 1600, Port Elizabeth 6000, S. Africa. (smf) 82:0920 Pearson, T.H. and A. Eleftheriou, 1981. The benthic ecology of Sullom Voe [Sbetlandl. Proc. R. Soc. Edinb., (B)80(1/4):241-269.

Topographic and sedimentary characteristics are used to define the distribution of faunal communities. Structural complexity, interdependence of dominant species, and trophic relationships are emphasized. Changing distributions with depth and in time are examined in detail, particularly in relation to intermittent eutrophication in the inner basin. Includes species lists. Dunstaffnage Mar. Res. Lab., P.O. Box No. 3, Oban, Argyll, Scotland. 82:0921 Rainer, S.F. and R.C. Fitzhardinge, 1981. Benthic communities in an estuary with periodic deoxygenation. A ust. J. mar. Freshwat. Res., 32(2):227-243.

Spatial patterns in the physical environment when related to community and trophic structural patterns showed frequency-based diversity and evenness values similar to other estuarine environments; thus, diversity and evenness could not be 'simply interpreted as indicators of environmental harshness in the community.' CSIRO, P.O. Box 21, Cronulla, NSW 2230, Australia. (ahm) 82:0922 Smith, S.V., 1981. The Houtman Abroihos Islands [Indian Ocean]: carbon metabolism of coral reefs at high latitude. Limnol. Oceanogr., 26(4):612621.

production proceeds at an average rate of ~ 3 2 g CaCO 3 m 2 d ~; organic C, at ~ 1 7 g C m -2 d -~. Both rates are high compared to those for tropical reefs; both show strong seasonality. Complex coral CaCO 3

OLR (1982) 29 (2)

E. Biological Oceanography

reef communities do not necessarily suffer substantial metabolic depression as they approach their latitudinal limits. Hawaii Inst. of Mar. Biol., P.O. Box 1346, Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744, USA. 82:0923 Tarasov, V.G., 1981. Respiration of the soft-bottom communities in Vostok Bay (Sea of Japan) as related to environmental factors and density of the macrobenthes. Biologiya mor., Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1981(2):32-39. (In Russian, English abstract.) Respiration in sandy bottoms was related to water temperature, while muddy bottom respiration was influenced by water temperature and macrozoobenthos density. Inst. of Mar. Biol., Far East Sci. Center, Vladivostok 690022, USSR. (ahm) 82:0924 Turner, R.D., 1981. 'Wood islands' and 'thermal vents' as centers of diverse communities in the

deep-sea. Biologiya mor., Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1981(1):3-10. (In Russian, English abstract.) From in-situ studies with DSRV Alvin, Galapagos Rift (2488 m) vent communities are compared with those of 'wood islands' located south of Woods Hole, Massachusetts (1830--3506 m). Mus. of Comp. Zool., Harvard Univ., Cambridge, Mass. 02138, USA. (izs) 82:0925 Williams, A.H., 1981. An analysis of competitive interactions in a patchy back-reef environment. Ecology, 62(4): 1107-1120. Competition between two species of sea urchins in Discovery Bay, Jamaica, was mediated by interference competition by the threespot damselfish; all three species are herbivores. Predation was not important in adult population regulation. Urchin grazing pressure on coral may be lessened due to interference by the damselfish. Dept. of ZoologyEntomology, Auburn Univ., Auburn, Ala. 36830, USA. (mjj) 82:0926 Woodin, S.A., 1981. Disturbance and community structure in a shallow water sand flat. Ecology, 62(4): 1052-1066. Large tubes, built by the polychaete Diopatra cuprea, project above the sediment surface and act as refuges from predators for the abundant infauna more common around these tubes than elsewhere. Dept. of Biol., Univ. of South Carolina, Columbia, S.C. 29208, USA. (ahm)

I 15

El20. Estuarine and marsh communities 82:0927 Bouchet, J.-M. (organizer), 1978/80/81. Biological aspects of estuaries [including benthic and planktonic ecology and trace metal geochemistry]. Seminar November 1978. Oceanis, 6(6):535-636; 4 papers. (In French, English abstracts.) 82:0928 Burney, C.M., K.M. Johnson and J.McN. Sieburth, 1981. Diel flux of dissolved carbohydrate in a salt marsh and a simulated estunrine ecosystem. Mar. Biol., 63(2): 175-187. Concentrations of monosaccharides, polysaccharides, and total dissolved carbohydrates were compared with DOC, ~CO 2, pH, 02, chlorophyll a, phaeopigments and solar radiation in a salt marsh and in a 13 m 3 seawater tank. Rapid carbohydrate fluxes ( ~ 3 0 /tg C L-Ih-I) and a close coupling between bacterial numbers and carbohydrate levels were suggested. Grad. Sch. of Oceanog., Univ. of Rhode Island, Kingston, R.I. 02881, USA. (m.ij) 82:0929 Darley, W.M., C.L. Montague, F.G. Plumley, W.W. Sage and A.T. Psalidas, 1981. Factors limiting edaphie algal biomass and productivity in a Georgia salt marsh. J. Phycol., 17(2):122-128. Algal production was increased by daily NH 4 addition or by fiddler crab removal; light was not limiting. Edaphic algae along creek banks received greater NH 4 than marsh algae (demonstrated by reciprocal transplant experiments). Dept. of Botany, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, Ga. 30602, USA. (mjj) 82:0930 De Jong, T.M. and B.G. Drake, 1981. Seasonal patterns of plant and soil water potential on an irregularly-flooded tidal marsh. Aquat. Bot., 11(1):1-9. Dept. of Pomology, Univ. of California, Davis, Calif. 95616, USA. 82:0931 Drake, B.G. and Michael Read, 1981. Carbon dioxide assimilation, photosynthetic efficiency, and respiration of a Chesapeake Bay salt marsh. J. Ecol., 69(2):405-423. A model was used to examine seasonal differences between net community CO 2 accumulated in the daytime and CO 2 respired at night in order to determine how much carbon would be available for accumulation or export from two marsh grass communities. Smithsonian Radiation Biol, Lab., 12441 Parklawn Dr., Rockville, Md. 20852, USA. (mjj)

116

E. Biological Oceanograph 5

El40. Birds

OLR (1982) 29 (2)

the possibility of a change in the ecological balance. (smf)

82:0932 Crivelli, A. and O. Vizi, 1981. The Dalmatian pelican, Pelecanns eMspns Bruch 1832, a recently worldendangered bird species. Biol. Conserv., 20(4):297-310.

82:0936 Richardson, M.G., G.M. Dunnet and P.K. Kinnear, 1981. Monitoring seabirds in Shetland. Proc. R. Soc. Edinb., (B)80(1/4):157-179.

Total breeding pairs of P. crispus (sometimes considered conspecific with P. philippensis) number 700-1100. Ecology, behavior and world status are evaluated and suggestions are made for conservation, monitoring and management. P.O. Box 6015, Reynolda Station, Winston-Salem, N.C. 27109, USA. (smf)

Changes in numbers seen 1975-1979 of cliff-nesting seabirds and inshore waterfowl are attributed to natural variation except for mortalities associated with the Esso Bernicia oil spill. Monitoring is important since ~40% of Britain's seabirds nest along these coastlines. Nature Conservancy Council, Lerwick, Shetland. (ahm)

82:0933 Erwin, R.M., Joan Galli and Joanna Burger, 1981. Colony site dynamics and habitat use in Atlantic coast seabirds. Auk, 98(3):550-561.

82:0937 Siegel-Causey, Douglas and G.L. Hung Jr., 1981. Colonial defense behavior in double-crested and pelagic cormorants. Auk, 98(3):522-531. Dept. of Ecol. and Evol. Biol., Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz. 85721, USA.

Major changes, often from human disturbances, in breeding habitat usage (from beach to marsh) test the 'plasticity' of each species in adapting to the new biotic environment. Also discussed in terms of marsh colony site dynamics are predation, competition, and floodings. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Laurel, Md. 20811, USA. (ahm) 82:0934 Hoffman, Wayne, Dennis Heinemann and J.A. Wiens, 1981. The ecology of seabird feeding flocks in Alaska. Auk, 98(3):437-456.

Three types of feeding flocks were established based upon flock size, longevity, and food source. Four functional bird groups within the flocks emerged: catalysts--highly visible birds that 'point out' food sources; divers--birds using underwater resources; kleptoparasites--those that steal food from other birds; and suppressors--birds that 'interfere behaviorally' with the feeding of others. Biol. Dept., Univ. of South Florida, Tampa, Fla. 33620, USA. (ahm) 82:0935 Mills, Stephen, 1981. Graveyard of the puffin. New Scient., 91(1260): 10-13.

The breeding colony of puffins on Rost (off the coast of Norway), one of the world's largest, lost all its chicks to starvation in 1980; the half million hatched in 1981 are likely to suffer a similar fate. Chicks are dependent on first-year pelagic fish rich in oils; the Rost colony declines since 1969 parallel the decline of the North Sea herring fishery and subsequent increases in commercial catches of sprats and sand eels, all primary food for chicks. That similar problems affect other North Sea seabird populations and may be occurring in Icelandic colonies suggests

82:0938 Vermeer, Kees, 1981. The importance of plankton to Cassin's anklets during breeding. J. Plankt. Res., 3(2):315-329.

Breeding chronology, food, growth and reproductive success of Ptychoramphus aleuticus were studied (on Triangle Island, British Columbia) from the point of view of the apparent relationship between early breeding and plankton feeding. Greater success of early-hatched chicks and greater numbers of the B.C. population may relate to the availability and abundance of Thysanoessa spinifera and Calanus cristatus. Canadian Wildlife Serv., P.O. Box 340, Delta, BC, V4K 3Y3 Canada. (smf)

El50. Microbiology

(communities, processes; also bacteria, fungi, yeasts, viruses,

etc.) 82:0939 Araujo, Alberto, Joe D'Souza and A.A. Karande, 1981. Phosphorus solubilization by some marine fungi. Mahasagar, 14(1):67-70.

Ten marine fungi were qualitatively screened for P solubilizing ability, then tested quantitatively; optimum pH was 6-6.5. Maximum P (18%) was obtained in culture filtrate with Penicillium funiculosum. Goa College of Pharmacy, Panaji, Goa 403 001, India.

OLR (1982) 29 (2)

E. Biological Oceanography

82:0940 Burnett, B.R., 1981. Quantitative sampling of nanobiota (microbiota)of the deep.sea benthos, m . The bathyai San Diego Trough. Deep-Sea Res., 28(7A):649-663. Unlike the macrofauna, nanobiota were relatively uniformly distributed to at least 60- and perhaps to 100-mm depths. However, there is probably a richer thin surface film. Yeast-like cells were the predominant organisms, typically constituting over 70% of the sediment biovolume; they may occupy part of the decomposer niche normally occupied by bacteria in sediments from shallower depths. M-012, Univ. of California, La Julia, Calif. 92093, USA. 82:0941 Cuhel, R.L., C.D. Taylor and H.W. Jannasch, 1981. Assimilatory sulfur metabolism in marine microorganisms: characteristics and regulation of sulfate transport in Psendomonas halmhnm~ and Alteromonas iuteo-violaceus. J. Bact., 147(2):340-349.

117

abstract.) Inst. of Mar. Biol., Far East Sci. Center, Vladivostok 690022, USSR. 82:0945 Marty, D., 1981. Distribution of different anaerobic bacteria in Arabian Sea sediments. Mar. Biol., 63(3):277-281. Heterotrophic aerobes and anaerobes and sulfatereducing bacteria all were most numerous in the uppermost 2 cm of sediment; curiously, anaerobic bacteria decreased more quickly with increasing sediment depth than did their aerobic counterparts. When methanogenic bacteria were found, they were most numerous at 10-12 cm depth. These results could be due to microhabitats. CNRS, Univ. de Provence, 3 Place Victor Hugo, F-13331 MarseiUe Cedex 3, France. (mjj) 82:0946 Miller, J.D. and N.J. Whitney, 1981. Fungi from the Bay of Fundy. II. Observatious on fungi from living and cast seaweeds. Botanica mar, 24(7):405-411.

Effects of cysteine, methionine, glutathioue and sulfur starvation on transport of SO4 and thiosulfate were investigated. Uptake regulation was different in the two isolates and from that reported for nonmarine systems, although SO4 transport kinetics were similar in the marine and nonmarine bacteria. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanogr. and Meteorol. Lab., Miami, Fla. 33149, USA. (mjj)

Of the 30 filamentous fungal species (all Fungi Imperfecti) isolated from littoral marine algae, 25 were terrestrial in nature; the 7 most frequent species grew well on seaweed C compounds (20 total) except for algal polysaccharides. Dept. of Biol., Univ. of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 6El Canada. (ahm)

82:0942 Cuhel, R.L., C.D. Taylor and H.W. Jannasch, 1981. Asslmilatory sulfur metabolism in marine microorganisms: a novel sulfate transport system in Alteromonas luteo-violaceus, d. Bact., 147(2):350-353.

82:0947 Mountfort, D.O. and R.A. Asher, 1981. Role of sulfate reduction versus methanogenesis in terminal carbon flow in polluted intertidal sediment of Waimea Inlet, Nelson, New Zealand. Appl. environ. Microbiol., 42(2):252-258.

The sulfate transport mechanism in A. luteo-violaceus is unique in its extremely low affinity for the sulfate analog thiosulfate. Distinguishing characteristics are listed and compared with those of Pseudomonas halodurans. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanogr. and Meteorol. Lab., Miami, Fla. 33149, USA.

In sediments with low nutrient loading and low BUD, SO4-reducing organisms mediated terminal C flow; SO4 concentrations were high. In sediments with high nutrient loading and high BUD, methanogenesis mediated terminal C flow; SO4 concentrations were low, perhaps due to reduction. Dept. of Dairy Sci., Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, I11. 61801, USA. (mjj)

82:0943 Deming, J.W. and R.R. Colwell, 1981. Baxophilic bacteria associated with deep-sea animals. [Overview.] Bioscience, 31(7):507-511. Chesapeake Bay Inst., Johns Hopkins Univ., Shady Side, Md. 20867, USA. 82:0944 Krylova, N.V., 1980. Higher marine fungi of the coasts of the Sea of Japan. Biologiya mor., Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1980(5):20-25. (In Russian, English

82:0948 Nizhegorodova, L.E., N.G. Teplinskava and N.V. Kovalyova, 1981. New evidence on Black Sea microbial populations. Biologiya tour., Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1981(1):24-28. (In Russian, English abstract.) Total microorganism density and biomass have increased 3-5 times over the last 15-20 years, likely related to progressive eutrophication of the Black

118

E. Biological Oceanograph~

Sea. Inst. of Biol. of Southern Seas, Acad. of Sci. of the Ukrainian SSR, Odessa 270011, USSR. (ahm) 82:0949 Odintsov, V.S., 1981, Nitrogen fixation in different sediments of Vostok Bay (Sea of Japan). Biologiya mor., Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1981(1):85-88. (In Russian, English abstract.)

Nitrogen fixation was an order of magnitude lower in winter than in summer. Activity was greatest in algae-inhabited muddy sand, and fell off rapidly at sediment depths > 5 cm. Inst. of Mar. Biol., Far East Sci. Center, Vladivostok 690022, USSR. (slr) 82:0950 Ruby, E.G., C.O. Wirsen and H.W. Jannasch, 1981. Chemolithotrophie sulfur-oxidizing bacteria from the Galapagos Rift hydrothermal vents. Appl. environ. Microbiol., 42(2):317-324.

Obligately chemolithotrophic Thiomicrospira and two physiologically distinct, pseudomonad-like, obligately heterotrophic S oxidizers were enriched and isolated from venting water and microbial mats. Dept. of Bacter., Univ. of California, Los Angeles, Calif. 90024, USA. (mjj)

OLR (1982) 29 (2)

The antibiotic rifampin, to which spirochetes are resistant, was used as a selective agent in prereduced complex media. Spirochaeta colony-forming units numbered 104 to 106/g wet wt in the top 1 cm of sediment, and were more abundant in the top 2 cm than at 3-5 cm depth. Greenberg: Dept. of Microbiol., New York State Coll. of Agric. and Life Sci., Ithaca, N.Y. 14853, USA. (mjj)

El80. Biochemistry 82:0954 Baden, D.G., T.J. Mende, Wolf Lichter and Larry Wellham, 1981. Crystallization and toxicology of T34: a major toxin from Florida's red tide organism (Ptyehodiseus brevis). Toxicon, 19(4):455-462. Dept. of Biochem., Univ. of Miami Sch. of Med., P.O. Box 016129, Miami, Fla. 33101, USA.

E220.

Invertebrates (except Crustacea, and E240-Protozoa)

E230-

82:0951 Rllger, H.-J., 1981. Comparison of the API and Minitek identification systems with conventional methods for differentiating marine bacteria. Ver6ff. Inst. Meeresforsch. Bremerh., 19(1):21-34 + 1 fold-out table.

82:0955 Bhaud, M. (organizer), 1980/81. Some oceanographic problems raised by the study of invertebrate larvae. Seminar 21 November 1980. Oceanis, 7(1):l17pp; 6 papers. (In French, English abstracts.)

API 20 B, API 20 E, API 50 E and Minitek systems gave nearly identical results with strains of Bacillus and Vibrio; Minitek alone coincided with conventional methods of identifying Alealigenes strains. The reliability of various tests (H2S production, indole, urease, carbohydrate fermentation, etc.) is evaluated. Inst. fur Meeresf., Am Handelshafen 12, D-2850 Bremerhaven, FRG. (mjj)

82:0956 Buisson, Bernard and Noel Duburcq, 1978/79. Significance of the twilight rhythmic activity pattern of Ciona intest~alis (Tunicata). Vie Milieu, (AB)28/29(3):509-516. (In French, English abstract.) Dept. de Biol. Animale et Zool., 69622 Villeurbanne, France.

82:0952 Ulken, Annemarie, 1981. The phycomycete flora of mangrove swamps in the South Pacific. Ver6ff. Inst. Meeresforsch. Bremerh., 19(1):45-59. Includes 45 micrographs. Inst. fur Meeresforschung, 2850 Bremerhaven, Am Handelshafen 12, FRG. 82:0953 Weber, F.H. and E,P. Greenberg, 1981. Rifampin as a selective agent for the enumeration and isolation of spirochetes from salt marsh habitats. Curr. Microbiol., 5(5):303-306.

82:0957 Burreson, E.M., 1981. A new deep-sea leech, Bathybdella sawyeri, n.gen., n.sp., from thermal vent areas on the Galipagos Rift. Proc. biol. Soc. Wash., 94(2):483-491. Sch. of Mar. Sci., College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, Va. 23062, USA. 82:0958 Buss, L.W., 1981. Group living, competition, and the evolution of cooperation in a sessile invertebrate. Science, 213(4511): 1012-1014.

The bryozoan Bugula turrita settles gregariously in spite of intraspecific competition because of density dependent release from interspecific competition

OLR (1982)29 (2)

E. BiologicalOceanography

119

(i.e., reduced likelihood of being overgrown by the encrusting bryozoan Schizoporella errata). Thus interspecific competition leads to intraspecific cooperation. Dept. of Biol., Yale Univ., New Haven, Conn. 0651 l, USA. (mjj)

octocorals on the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis Mimer and the amphipod Pm'hyale hawaiensis (Dana). J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 54(1):91-96. Port Aransas Mar. Lab., Univ. of Texas, Port Aransas, Tex. 78373, USA.

82:0959 Chalker, B.E., 1981. Simulating light-saturation curves for photosynthesis and calcification by reef-building corals. Mar. Biol., 63(2):135-141.

82:0964 Madin, L.P., C.M. Cetta and V.L. McAlister, 1981. Elemental and biochemical composition of salps (Tunicata: Thaliacea). Mar. Biol., 63(3):217-226. WHOI, Woods Hole, Mass. 02543, USA.

Photosynthesis and calcification light saturation curves are most accurately simulated by the simple exponential function and the hyperbolic tangent function; the latter is preferred for its lower variance. Curves for light-enhanced calcification can also be simulated. Discussed are examples of environmental photoadaptation. Australian Inst. of Mar. Sci., PMB No. 3, Townsville M.S., Qld. 4810, Australia. (mjj) 82:0960 Dauer, D.M., C.A. Maybury and R.M. Ewing, 1981. Feeding behavior and general ecology of several spionid polychaetes from the Chesapeake Bay. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 54(1):21-38. Dept. of Biol. Sci., Old Dominion Univ., Norfolk, Va. 23508, USA. 82:0961 Frank, P.W., 1981. A condition for a sessile strategy. Am. Naturalist, 118(2):288-290. The selective advantage of a sessile strategy as opposed to moving randomly after settling is examined mathematically. Higher survival rates result from a sessile strategy when habitat patches vary in survival probability in a manner unpredictable to the organisms. Dept. of Biol., Univ. of Oregon, Eugene, Oreg. 97403, USA. (mjj) 82:0962 Gibbs, P.E., G.W. Bryan and K.P. Ryan, 1981. Copper accumulation by the polychaete Me//maa pMmata: an antipredation mechanism? J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., 61(3):707-722. Cu is concentrated in special epidermal cells in the branchiae, resulting in concentrations of 0.4-1.2% Cu in the branchiae and whole-body concentrations of >600 /~g/g (dry weight). Feeding experiments have shown that the branchiae of Cu-accumulating polychaetes are unpalatable to fish. The Lab., Mar. Biol. Assoc., Citadel Hill, Plymouth, UK. (mjj) $2:0963 Lee, Wen Yuh, S.A. Macko and L.S. Ciereszko, 1981. Toxic effects of cembranolides derived from

82:0965 Purcell, J.E., 1981. Selective predation and caloric consumption by the siphonophore RosKea cymbi[ormis in nature. Mar. Biol., 63(3):283-294. R. cymbiformis collected off California and in the Sargasso Sea selected large and/or active prey, primarily copepods but also crab zoeae, pelagic molluscs, juvenile shrimp and mysids. Each gastrozooid consumed 0.109-0.365 cal during the 4-6 h (daylight) feeding period; digestion required at least 8 h. WHOI, Woods Hole, Mass. 02543, USA. (mjj) 82:0966 Purschke, G., 1981. Tolerance to freezing and suporeooHng of interstitial Turhellaria and Polychaeta from a sandy tidal beach of the Island of Sylt (North Sea). Mar. Biol., 63(3):257-267. LDs0 values for both freezing and supercooling (no ice formation) were determined for 1 turbellarian and 5 polychaete intertidal species. Values varied quite widely, and were correlated with species' locations in the littoral zone; greatest tolerance was shown by shallow-dwelling species inhabiting high tide reaches. Zool. Inst. der Univ. Gottingen, Berliner Strasse 28, D-3400 Gottingen 1, FRG. (mjj) 82:0967 Saunders, W.B., 1981. [Nautilus:. a new species from the Western Carolines and the distribution of extant species.] Veliger, 24(1):1-17; 2 papers. The first paper describes N. belauensis Saunders spec.nov, based on 1132 specimens collected 1977-79 outside Palau's fringing reef. The second paper discusses the known 11 species and 3 variants as to inter- and intra-population morphological variations. A definitive taxonomy awaits new data on live nautiloids. Includes several photos. Dept. of Geol., Bryn Mawr Coll., Bryn Mawr, Penn. 19010, USA. (izs) 82:0968 Sebens, K.P., 1981. Recruitment in a sea anemone population: juvenile substrate becomes adult prey. Science, 213(4509):785-787.

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E. Biological Oceanography,

High concentrations of small Anthopleura xanthogrammica juveniles occur only within mussel beds, probably through 'larval settlement or differential survival'; juveniles then migrate downstream of the beds, settle, grow to adult size and capture dislodged mussels for food. Low recruitment rates of this anemone, which contains a compound with antitumor and cardiac stimulation activity, indicate large-scale harvesting is not feasible. Museum of Comp. Zool., Harvard Univ., Cambridge, Mass. 02138, USA. (ahm) 82:0969 Williams, P.M., K.L. Smith, E.M. Druffel and T.W. Linick, 1981. Dietary carbon sources of mussels and tubeworms from Gai~mgos hydrothermal vents determined from tissue 1~C activity. Nature, Lond., 292(5822):448-449. Mussels and tubeworms near the hydrothermat vents appear to derive most of their dietary C from dissolved inorganic C released with the vent water, rather than from sedimenting POC fixed photosynthetically at the surface. Mussels also may be incorporating some methane. Scripps Inst. of Oceanog., La Jolla, Calif. 92093, USA. (mjj)

E230. Crustacea 82:0970 Bergin, M.E., 1981. Hatching rhythms in Uea pug/lator (Decapoda: Brachyura). Mar. Biol., 63(2):151-158. Dept. of Pathology, Univ. of South Carolina, Columbia, S.C. 29208, USA. 82:0971 Berglund, Anders and Jan Bengtsson, 1981. Biotic and abiotic factors determining the distribution of two prawn species: Palaemon adspersus and P. squiila. Oecologia, 49(3):300-304. In a Swedish fjord, P. adspersus is probably excluded from rockpools due to its significantly greater sensitivity than P. squilla to oxygen depletion; predators probably exclude P. adspersus from bare sandy bottoms. P. squilla's tolerance of abiotic factors enables exploitation of shallows, intertidal rockpools, and deep sandy bottoms. Uppsala Univ., Dept. of Animal Ecol., P.O. Box 561, S-751 22 Uppsala, Sweden. (izs) 82:0972 Bergmans, Marc, 1981. A demographic study of the life cycle of Tisbe furcata (Baird, 1837) (Copepoda: Harpacticoida). J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., 61(3):691-705. Lab. voor Ecol. en System., Vrije

OLR (1982) 29 (2)

Univ. Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B 1050 Brussels, Belgium. 82:0973 Bradford, J.M. and J.B. Jillett, 1980. The marine fauna of New Zealand: pelagic culanoid copepods: family Aetideidae. N.Z. oceanogr. Inst. Mere., 86:102pp. All aetideid genera are defined and their species listed; distribution maps are provided for all species known to occur in the SW Pacific, including 22 new area records. Taxonomy is considered and existing ambiguities are investigated; relevant synonyms are noted. Includes numerous drawings and an index. Nzol, DSXR,P.O. Box 12-346, Wellington North, New Zealand. (slr) 82:0974 Burkenroad, M.D., 1981. The higher taxonomy and evolution of Decapode (Crnstacea). Trans. San Diego Soc. nat. Hist., 19(17):251-268. The fossil record, ontogeny, and various characters of adult morphology are used in dividing the Decapoda into four suborders which are considered monophyletic and distinct from the Euphausiacea. San Diego Nat. Hist. Museum, P.O. Box 1390, San Diego, Calif. 92112, USA. (mjj) 82:0975 Campillo, Albert, 1979. [Exploitation and biology of the pink shrimp, Palaemon serrntus (Pennant).] Revue Tray. Inst. Pdches marit., 43(4):293-352. (In French.) 82:0976 Ch~lvez, E.A., 1979. Diagnosis of shrimp fisheries of the Gulf of Tehuantepec, southern Pacific coast of Mexico. An. Cent. Cidnc. Mar Limnol., Univ. nac. aut6n. Mdx., 6(2):7-14. (In Spanish, English summary.) Escuela Nac. de Ciencias Biol., Apartado Postal 42-186, Mexico 17, D.F., Mexico. 82:0977 Dall, W., 1981. Osmoregulatory ability and juvenile habitat preference in some penaeid prawns. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 54(1):55-64. Young juveniles of all 4 species studied could tolerate very low salinities and had similar osmoregulatory curves, enabling adaptation to the variable and often low salinities of their inshore and estuarine nursery grounds. Adult prawns, which migrate to oceanic water, had higher isosmotic points than did their larvae, and most could not survive below 10 ppt salinity. CSIRO Mar. Lab., Cleveland, Queensland, Australia. (mjj)

OLR 0982) 29 (2)

E. BiologicalOceanography

82:0978 Daniel, A. and J.K. Sen, 1975. Studies on the pycnogonids 123 spp.] from collections of the Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, together with notes on their distribution in the Indian Ocean. J. mar. biol. Ass. India, 17(2):160-167. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, India. 82:0979 D'Croz, Luis, Fredy Chrrigo and Nuria Esquivel, 1979. Observations on the biology and fisheries of white shrimp (Penaens spp.) on the Pacific coast of PanamA. An. Cent. Cidnc. Mar Limnol., Univ. nac. aut6n. M~x, 6(2):45-58. (In Spanish, English abstract.) Lab. de Biol. Mar., Unv. de Panama, Panama. 82:09g0 Dinet, Alain, 1981. [Two new abyssal species of PontosUatiotes (Crustacea, Copepoda, Harpacticoida) from the NE Atlantic.] Bull. Soc. zool. Fr., 106(2):201-211. (In French, English abstract.) Station mar. d'Endoume, Rue de la Batterie des Lions, 13007 Marseille, France.

82:0981 Guinot, Dani~le and Bertrand Richer de Forges, 1980. [New or rare deepwater crabs of the lndo-Pacific; Crnstacea, Decapoda, Brachyuru. I.] Bull. Mus. natn. Hist. nat., Paris,(4)2(A, Zool., 4):1113-1153. (In French, English abstract.) The first study of the region's deepwater Brachyura describes species either new to the study area or new to science (3 n.gen., 13 n.spp.). Areas covered were: south of Madagascar; Saint-Paul, Amsterdam, New Caledonia, and Loyalty islands; and Tuamotu. Includes many photos. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 61, rue de Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. (sir) 82:0982 Hayashi, Ken-Ichi, 1981. Nikoides multispinatus sp.nov., a new prneessid shrimp from the Pacific Ocean. Annotnes zool. japon., 54(1):53-58. Shimonoseki Univ. of Fisheries, Yoshimi, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 759-65, Japan. 82:0983 Herman, A.W. and M.R. Mitchell, 1981. Counting and identifying copepod species with an in-situ electronic zooplankton counter. Deep-Sea Res., 28(7A):739-755.

The electronic zooplankton counter was able to identify the dominant copepod species; problems still exist in total counts and separation of other species peaks. The apparatus has potential to reduce

121

microscope time and provide simultaneous measurements of certain environmental parameters. Bedford Inst. of Oceanography, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. (ahm) 82:0984 Hurley, D.E., 1980. A provisional checklist of Crustacea Amphipoda known to have calceoli. N Z O I Rec., 4(8):71-120. Includes micrographs and 18 pages of references. NZOI, Wellington, New Zealand. 82:0985 Jones, A.C. (chairman), 1980/81. [Spiny lobster management.I Proc. Gulf Carib. Fish. Inst., (33rd a. vol.):178-335; 13 papers.

Harvesters' perceptions, harvesting techniques, fishcry yields, limiting entry into a fishery, possible sources of Florida's Panulirus argus population, larval recruitment, biochemical population genetics, and western tropical Atlantic pelagic stage distribution and occurrence were session topics considered. (izs) 82:0986 Kornicker, L.S., 1981. Benthic marine Cypridinoidea from Bermuda (Ostracoda). Smithson. Contr. Zool., 331:15pp.

Four species in 4 genera are reported; 2 new species are described; a third species is described but left in the open nomenclature. Benthic marine Cypridinoidea have not previously been reported from Bermuda. Dept. of Invert. Zool., Smithsonian Inst., Washington, D.C. 20560, USA. 82:0987 Manning, R.B. and D.K. Camp, 1981. A review of the Platysquiila complex (Crustacea, Stomatopoda, Nannosqnillidae), with the designation of two new genera [Piatysquilloides from the NW Atlantic and MexisquSia from the Gulf of Mexico]. Proc. biol. Soc. Wash., 94(2):591-597. Dept. of Invert. Zool., Smithsonian Inst., Washington, D.C. 20560, USA. 82:0988 Manning, R.B. and M.L. Reaka, 1981. Gonodactylus simnensis, a new stomatopod crustacean from Thailand. Proc. biol. Soc. Wash, 94(2):479-482. Dept. of Invertebrate Zool., Smithsonian Inst., Washington, D.C. 20560, USA. 82:0989 McWhinnie, M.A., C.J. Denys and P.V. Angione, 1981. Euphansiacea bibliography. A world lit-

122

E. Biological Oceanography

erature survey. Pergamon Press, N.Y.; 731 pp, 15 microfiche. Comprising ~2600 entries dated 1830-1979, this massive undertaking is intended 'to provide the broadest base of published literature and access to technical advances concerning the utilization of krill.' Materials cited were gathered from the widest possible sources, including 'books, journals, newspapers, reports, translations, patents, theses' and unpublished papers. Chapters treat taxonomy, physiology, development, behavior, food webs, and fishing and food technologies; the final chapter considers krill-related economics, conservation and legislation. Author and subject indexes are on microfiche. (sir) 82:0990 Miller, R.J. and P.G. O'Keefe, 1981. Seasonal and depth distribution, size, and molt cycle of the spider crabs, Cldonoecetes opilio, Hyas araneu& and Hyas coarctatus in a Newfoundland bay. Can. tech. Rept Fish. aquat. Sci., 1003:18pp. Dept. of Fish. and Oceans, P.O. Box 5667, St. John's Nfld. A1C 5XI, Canada. 82:0991 Monchenko, V.I., 1980. Cyclopina pm'at~mmophila sp.n. (Crustacea, Copepoda), a new species from the Black Sea. Biologiya mor., Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1980(6):35-40. (In Russian, English abstract.) Inst. of Zoology, Acad. of Sci. of the Ukrainian SSR, Kiev 252650, USSR. 82:0992 Moriarty, D.J.W. and M.C. Barclay, 1981. Carbon and nitrogen content of food and the assimilation efficiencies of penaeid prawns in the Gulf of Carpentaria [Australia]. Aust. J. mar. Freshwat. Res., 32(2):245-251.

OLR (1982) 29 (2}

82:0994 Motoh, Hiroshi, 1981. Studies on the fisheries biology of the giant tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon, in the Philippines. SEast Asian Fish. Dev. Cent. (SEAFDEC) tech. Rept, 7:128pp.

Species characteristics, life history and environmental factors are described. The status of P. monodon in the Philippines is reviewed with the intention of making recommendations for the regulation of fisheries to achieve maximum sustainable yields. Includes numerous drawings and 16 pages of references. Aquaculture Dept., SEAFDEC Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines. (smf) 82:0995 Parameswaran Pillai, P., 1975. On the species of Pontella Dana and PonteUopsis Brady of the International Indian Ocean Expedition Collections (1960-1965). J. mar. biol. Ass. India, 17(2):129-146. Central Mar. Fish. Res. Inst., Cochin 682 018, India. 82:0996 Payen, G.G., 1980/81. Fundamental aspects of the endocrinology of reproduction in marine crustaceans. Oceanis, 6(3):309-339. (In French, English summary.) Includes 6 pages of references. Univ. Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75230 Paris Cedex 05, France. 82:0997 P6rez Farfante, Isabel, 1981. Solenocera alfonso, a new species of shrimp (Penaeoidea: Solenoceridae) from the Philippines. Proc. biol. Soc. Wash., 94(2):631-639. NMFS, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. 20560, USA.

Seven species were examined; primary food items were Foraminifera, small molluscs, crustaceans and polychaetes; bacteria comprised ~2% of adult diets, up to 14% of juveniles' diets. Protein and organic and inorganic C and N in the gut were measured. CSIRO, P.O. Box 120, Cleveland, Qld. 4163, Australia. (mjj)

82:0998 Poore, G.C.B. and Brian Kensley, 1981. Cora/anthura and Sauranthura, two new genera of anthurideans from northeastern Australia (Crustacea: lsopoda: Anthuridae). Proc. biol. Soc. Wash., 94(2):503-513. Dept. of Crustacea, National Museum of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.

82:0993 Morizur, Y., G. Conan, A. Guenol6 and M.H. Omn6s, 1981. Fecundity of Nephrops norvegicm in the Bay of Biscay. Mar. Biol., 63(3):319-324. (In French, English abstract.) Inst. Scient. et Techn. des Peches Mar., 8 rue Francois-Toullec, F-56100 Lorient, France.

82:0999 Raghu Prasad, R., P.R.S. Tampi and M.J. George, 1975. Phyliosoma larvae from the Indian Ocean collected by the Dana Expedition 1928-1930. J. mar. biol. Ass. India, 17(2):56-107. Includes numerous drawings. Indian Council of Agric. Res., Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi, India.

OLR (1982)29 (2)

E. BiologicalOceanography 82:1000

Renaud-Mornant, J., 1978/79. [Two new species of Brazilian Ctenocludiocaris Renand-Mornant, 1976 (Crustacea, Mystacocarldea): Ct. armata n.sp. and Ct. minor n.sp.I Vie Milieu, (AB)28/29(3):393-408. (In French, English abstract.) Mus. Natl. d'Histoire Nat., CNRS n. 114, 43 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France. 82:1001

Shanbhogue, S.L., 1975. Descriptions of stomatopod larvae 124 spp.] from the Arabian Sea with a list of stomatopod larvae and adults from the Indian Ocean and a key for their identification. I. J. mar. biol. Ass. India, 17(2): 196-237. Fisheries College, Mangalore, India. 82:1002

Sheader, Martin, 1981. Development and growth in laboratory-maintained and field populations of Paratl~misto gaudiclmmh" (Hyperlidea: Amphipoda). J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K:, 61(3):769-787. Minimum mature body size, time to maturity and intermolt period duration are temperature dependent; molt behavior is typical for amphipods except that 'individuals remain attached to medusae during molting.' Although the theoretical maximum number of successive generations per year is 6 (3 for early summer broods, as many as l0 for autumn broods), actual number in the field is probably smaller due to seasonally varying food supply. Dept. of Oceanog., The Univ., Southampton, UK. (slr) 82:1003 Siebenaller, J.F. and R.R. Hessler, 1981. The genera of the Nannoniscidae (Isopoda, AseHota). Trans. San Diego Soc. nat. Hist., 19(16):227-250. A revision of Nannoniscidae taxonomy encompasses descriptions of 4 new genera and 2 new species; certain previously known taxa are reclassified. A species list and key to the family are accompanied by some illustrations. Dept. of Chem., Univ. of Calif., La Jolla, Calif. 92093, USA. (slr) 82:1004

Sieg, Jt~rgen and R.N. Winn, 1981. The Tanaldae (Crustacea; Tanaidacea) of California, with a key to the world genera. Proc. biol. Soc. Wash., 94(2):315-343. Univ. Osnabruck, Abt. Vechta, 2848 Vechta (Oldb.), Driverstrasse 22, Postfach 1349, FRG. 82:1005

Takeda, Masatsune and B.S. Galil, 1980. A new species of Calocarcinus (Crnstucea, Brachyura)

123

from the submarine bank off the Izu Islands, central Japan [Ca/ocarc/nus lewinsolmi sp.nov.]. Bull. natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, (A, Zool.)6(4):191194. Dept. of Zool., National Sci. Mus., Tokyo, Japan. 82:1006

Tande, K.S. and C.C.E. Hopkins, 1981. Ecological investigations of the zooplankton community of Balsfjorden, northern Norway: the genital system in Calanns finmarchicus and the role of gonad development in overwintering strategy. Mar. Biol., 63(2):159-164. Inst. of Biol. and Geol., Univ. of Tromso, Posthoks 790, N-9001 Tromso, Norway. 82:1007

Veuille, M. and A. Kocatas, 1978/79. [Comparative study and biogeography of Turkish coastal Jaera (lsopoda, Aseliota) including J. bocquet/ n.sp.] Vie Milieu, (AB)28/29(4):597-611. (In French, English abstract.) Lab. de Biol. et Genetique Evol., 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France. 82:1008

Whatley, R.C. and R. Titterton, 1981. Some new Recent podocopid Ostracoda from the Solomon Islands, south-west Pacific. Revta esp. Micropaleont., 13(2):157-170. Includes ca. 50 micrographs. Dept. of Geol., Univ. College of Wales, Aberystwyth, UK.

E240. Protozoa (except E250-Foraminifera, Radiolaria and Tintinnida) 82:1009

Mamaeva, N.V., 1980. Planktonic cillates in the Gelendzhik area of the Black Sea. Biologiya mor., Akad. Nauk SSSIL 1980(6):62-65. (In Russian, English abstract.) Elevated anthropogenic impact during summer increased the numbers and biomass of 27 ciliate species. Inst. of Oceanology, Acad. of Sci. of the USSR, Gelendzhik 353470, USSR. (izs)

82:1010 Moiseev, E.V., 1980. Seasonal variations of zooflagellates in coastal areas of the Black Sea. Biologiya mor., Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1980(5):7679. (In Russian, English abstract.) Oceanological Inst., USSR Acad. of Sci., Gelendzhik 353470, USSR.

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E. BiologicalOceanograph)

E250. Foraminifera, Radiolaria, Tintinnida, etc. (see also D-SUBMARINE GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS) 82:1011 Chasens, S.A., 1981. Foraminifera of the Kenya coastline. J. foram. Res., 11(3): 191-202. While three biofacies are present, foraminiferal distributions appear more related to sediment parameters than to assemblages per se. Most of the 100 species and subspecies (22 samples) have been recorded previously from the Pacific. Includes a species list and 35 micrographs. Rosenstiel Sch. of Mar. and Atmos. Sci., Miami, Fla. 33149, USA. (ahm) 82:1012 Davis, C.C., t981. Variations of iorica shape in the genus Ptychocylis (Protozoa: Tintinnina) in relation to species identification. J. Plankt. Res., 3(3):433-443. Dept. of Biol., Memorial Univ. of Newfoundland, St. John's, Nfld., A1B 3X9 Canada. 82:1013 Finger, K.L. and J.H. Lipps, 1981. Foraminiferal decimation and repopalation in an active volcanic caldera, Deception Island, Antarctica. Micropaleontology, 27(2):111-139. Bottom samples, collected during 5 successive summers following the last volcanic eruption in 1970, revealed 2 ecological and sedimentological facies dominantly controlled by substrate and turbidity. Progressive foram repopulation was evident although patchy spatiotemporally. Includes micrographs and a faunal reference list. Chevron Oil Fields Res. Co., P.O. Box 446, La Habra, Calif. 90631, USA. (izs) 82:1014 Kimor, B. and B. Golandsky-Baras, 1981. Distribution and ecology of the tintinnids in the Gulf of Elat (Aqaha), Red Sea. J. Plankt. Res., 3(3):445459. Tintinnids showed two peaks, November-December and February-March, the latter coinciding with the turnover period; the 8 species (out of 42) responsible for the annual peaks exhibited a temperature-related distribution pattern. Spatial and seasonal distribution closely followed main phytoplankton patterns. Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Res., Haifa, Israel. (ahm) 82:1015 Kruglikova, S.B., 1981. Radiolarians in the surface sediment layer of the eastern tropical Pacific.

OLR (1982)29 (2)

Okeanologiia, 21(3):499-506. (In Russian, English abstract.) An equatorial 'subassemblage' differing somewhat from its western Pacific c o u n t e r p a r t was distinguished along with a transitional (tropicalboreal) assemblage comprising many cold-water species types. (sir) 82:1016 McEnery, M.E. and J.J. Lee, 1981. Cytological and fine structural studies of three species of symbiont-hearing larger Foraminifera [Ampldsorns hemprichii, Amphisteglna lobifera, Heterostegina depressa] from the Red Sea. Micropaleontology, 27(1):71-83. Includes 39 micrographs. Dept. of Biol., CCNY, Convent Ave. at 138th St., New York, N.Y. 10031, USA. 82:1017 Montaggioni, L.F., 1981. Foraminiferal assemblages in reef sediments from the Mascarene Archipelago (Indian Ocean). Annls Inst. oc~anogr., Paris, 57(1):41-61. (In French, English summary.) About 130 foram species were recorded in the fringing reef sediments of the Mascarenes. Foraminifers account for 58% of the sediment contributors in outer reef zones, declining to 0.3-16% in reef flats and back reef zones. Taxonomic composition and faunal dominance are used to define the 3 principal foraminiferal assemblages. Lab. de Geol. mar., Univ. d'Aix-Marseille II, F-13288 Marseille Cedex 02, France. (hbf) 82:1018 Poag, C.W. and R.C. Tresslar, 1981. Living foraminifers of West Flower Garden Bank, northernmost coral reef in the Gulf of Mexico. Micropaleontology, 27(I):31-70. Of the 104 benthic foram species (73 genera) identified, 31 are reported for the first time in the Gulf of Mexico, 12 more have their ranges extended, and 15 others are apparently new--results emphasizing the value of direct sampling (scuba diving) over traditional techniques (cores, grabs) for recovering hard reef substrates. Includes 137 micrographs. USGS, Woods Hole, Mass. 02543, USA. (izs) 82:1019 Segura, L.R. and Irma Wong-Chang, 1980. Recent Foraminifera 138 species] of Estero Pargo, Terminos Lagoon, Campeche, Mexico. /In. Cent. Ci~nc. Mar Limnol., Univ. nac. autrn. M~x., 7(1): 1-13. (In Spanish, English abstract.) Centro

OLR (1982)29 (2)

E. BiologicalOceanography

de Ciencias del Mar, Univ. Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, D.F. Mexico. 82:1020 Sellier de Civrieux, J.M., 1977. [Recent indicator Foraminifera of Venezuelan benthic communities. II. Ecology and distribution on the continental shelf of Mochlma National Park.] Boln Inst. Oceanogr. Univ. Oriente, 16(1/2):3-62. (In Spanish, English summary.) Includes ca. 170 micrographs. Inst. Oceanografico, Univ. de Oriente, Cumana, Venezuela. 82:1021 Takahashi, Kozo and Susumu Honjo, 1981. Vertical flux of Radiolaria: a taxon-quantitative sediment trap study from the western tropical Atlantic. Micropaleontoiogy, 27(2):140-190.

Comprising 208 taxa, the sampled radiolarians had a diversity index of 3.6, 'one of the highest ever reported.' Traps were moored at 4 depths; changes were largest between the 389-m and 988-m depths due to the deeper presence of nassellarian species. For the most part, shells reached the bottom singly and reflected actual species composition and numbers; some slow dissolution had occurred in tests of shallower-dwelling species. Includes species lists and more than 250 micrographs. WHOI, MIT Joint Prog. in Oceanogr., Woods Hole, Mass. 02543, USA. (sir) 82:1022 Todd, Ruth and Doris Low, 1981. Marine flora and fauna of the northeastern United States. Protozoa: Sarcodina: benthic Foraminifera. U.S. NOAA tech. Rept, (NMFS Circ.)439:51pp.

An illustrated key to nearshore and shelf species includes 133 taxa (79 genera). In an annotated list, species distribution and ecology are recorded from Cape Hatteras to Nova Scotia and out to 50 m depth on the continental shelf. The key is intended to aid nonspecialists in identifying species in marshes, estuaries, the littoral zone, bays, and the inner continental shelf. Includes numerous drawings, an annotated species list, and a systematic index. USGS, Woods Hole, Mass. 02543, USA.

E260.

Macrophytes (algae,

grasses,

etc.)

82:1023 Thorhaug, A. and J.H. Marcus, 1981. The effects of temperature and light on attached forms of tropical and semi-tropical macroalgae potentially associated with OTEC (Ocean Thermal Energy

125

Conversion) machine operation. Botanica mar., 24(7):393-398. One brown and two red algae showed significantly higher growth at high light intensity and cooler temperatures (probable OTEC effects) indicating potential fouling problems at OTEC facilities. Dept. of Biol. Sci., Florida Int. Univ., Miami, Fla. 33199, USA. (ahm) 82:1024 Topinka, J., L. Tucker and W. Korjeff, 1981. The distribution of fucoid macroalgal biomass along central coastal Maine. Botanica mar., 24(6):311319. Bigelow Lab. for Ocean Sci., West Boothbay Harbor, Maine 04575, USA.

E270. Microphytes (coccolithophores, diatoms, flagellates, etc.) 82:1025 Kamykowski, Daniel, 1981. Dinoflngeilate growth rate in water column~ of varying turbidity as a function of migration phase with daylight. J. Plankt. Res., 3(3):357-367.

Computer modelling revealed that water column turbidity strongly influences the (vertical) migration phase of dinoflagellates, perhaps by acting on the 'cumulative diurnal photosynthetic response.' Dept. of Mar. Sci. and Engng., P.O. Box 5923, Raleigh, N.C. 27650, USA. (mjj) 82:1026 Kuznetsov, L.L., 1980. Chlorophylls and primary production of micronigae connected with ice of Amur Bay (Sea of Japan). Bioiogiya mor., Akad. Nauk SSSIL 1980(5):72-74. (In Russian, English abstract.)

Productivity of ice microflora (mainly pennate diatoms) was extremely low in February; chlorophyll a was maximal in the lower ice layer. Inst. of Mar. Biol., Far East Sci. Center, Vladivostok 690022, USSR. (ahm) 82:1027 Revsbech, N.P., B.B. Jorgensen and Ole Brix, 1981. Primary production of microalgae in sediments measured by oxygen microprofile, HI4CO3-fixation, and oxygen exchange methods. Limnol. Oceanogr., 26(4):717-730.

In oxidized sediments at low light intensities, platinum microelectrode measurements of changes in dissolved 02 profiles gave the same production estimate as conventional methods. Bubble formation

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E. Biological Oceanography

at high light levels caused both 02 methods to underestimate production; underestimates also occurred with the conventional 02 method in sulfuretum-type sediment. Specific activity of H ~4CO3 was much lower in the sediment than in overlying water. Inst. of Ecology and Genetics, Univ. of Aarhus, Ny Munkegade, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. (mjj) 82:1028 Sancetta, Constance, 1981. Oceanographic and ecologic significance of the diatoms in surface sediments of the Bering and Okhotsk seas. Deep-Sea Res., 28(8A):789-817. These diatom assemblages correlate closely with major water mass distribution. The water masses, defined mostly by T-S relations, are the result of numerous interactions including precipitation, river runoff, ice formation, melting, and upwelling and mixing by divergence, wind stress, and tidal currents. At least 7 assemblages can be defined. Variations in dominance of these assemblages in older sediments can be used to derive detailed information on paleohydrography. Lamont-Doherty Geol. Observ., Palisades, N.Y. 10964, USA.

E300. Effects of pollution (also uptake, trace a c c u m u l a t i o n s , etc.; see also C 2 1 0 C h e m i c a l pollution, a n d F 2 5 0 - W a s t e disposal) 82:1029 Alabaster, J.S., 1981. Joint action of mixtures of toxicants on aquatic organisms. Chem. Ind., 1981 (15): 529-534. Relevant for water quality standard setting, a concentration-addition model was used to assess the lethality of toxicant mixtures. Discussed are prediction by 'simple addition,' the 'slightly more-thanadditive effect,' synergism, and the effects of pesticides. I Granby Rd., Stevenage, Herts SG1 4AR, UK. (izs) 82:1030 Amiard, J.-C. and C. Amiard-Triquet, 1978/79. [Crustacea and radionuclides: molt and inter-molt interferences.I Vie Milieu, (AB)28/29(3): 371-392. (In French, English abstract.) Includes 6 pages of references. Lab. de Biol. Mar., Univ. de Nantes, 2, rue de la Houssiniere, 44072 Nantes Cedex, France. 82:1031 Arfi, R., P. Dufour and D. Maurer, 1981. Phytoplankton and pollution: first studies in Bietri Bay

OLR (1982) 29 (2)

(Ivory Coast). Mathematical data processing. Oceanologica Acta, 4(3):319-329. (In French, English summary.) Principal Components Analysis was used to determine planktonic species groups and the pollution load in the bay; effects of domestic and industrial sewage are discussed. Lab. d'Ecol, numerique, Centre Univ. de Marseille-Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France. (ahm) 82:1032 Baden, S. and L. Hagerman, 1981. Ventilatory responses of the shrimp Palaemon adspersns to sublethal concentrations of crude oil extract. Mar. Biol., 63(2):129-133. Mar. Biol. Lab., Ok-3000 Helsingor, Denmark. 82:1033 Baker, J.R., A.M. Jones, T.P. Jones and H.C. Watson, 1981. Otter Lutra lutra L. mortality and marine oil pollution [Shetland, Scotlandl. Biol. Conserv., 20(4):311-321. Dept. of Veterinary Pathology, Neston, Wirral, Cheshire, UK. 82:1034 Cairns, John Jr., 1981. Biological monitoring. VI. Future needs. Wat. Res., 15(8):941-952. In this sixth paper, the author outlines the 'types of information for which there are future needs if estimates of hazard are to be scientifically justifiable' and states that biological monitoring methods are not being used on the scale needed for adequate environmental quality control. Highest priority is advocated for multi-species and system level tests. Virginia Polytechnic Inst., Blacksburg, Va. 24061, USA. (smf) 82:1035 Cowell, E.B. and D.C. Monk, 1981. Problems in ecological monitoring in Port Valdez, Alaska. Proc. R. Soc. Edinb., (B)80(1/4):355-366. Particular attention is given to problems created by lack of understanding of the processes of the Alaskan rocky shore ecosystem and the paucity of data on natural stresses controlling temporal and spatial variation in populations. Taxonomic difficulties further compound survey problems. Possible approaches are suggested. British Petroleum Co. Ltd., Moor Lane, London EC2Y 9BU, UK. 82:1036 Dillon, T.M., 1981. Effects of a dimethylnaphthalene-contaminuted food source and daily fluemating temperatures on the survival potential of the estuarine shrimp PMaemonetes pugio. Mar. Biol., 63(3):227-233.

OLR (1982)29 (2)

E. BiologicalOceanography

Survival of shrimp exposed to hypoxia under conditions of lowered salinity was reduced by additional exposure to DMN-contaminated food, or (more severely) to fluctuating temperature (FT). Residual effects of FT and DMN during a 16-d recovery period, and bioaccumulation and depuration of DMN were investigated. VIMS, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, Va. 23062, USA. (mjj) 82:1037 Drifmeyer, J.E. and P.A. Rublee, 1981. Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn in Spartina alternlflora detritus and microorganisms. Botanica mar., 24(5):251-256.

Trace element increases within and bacterial increases on detritus correlate positively with S. alterniflora decomposition although trace incorporation into the bacterial biomass accounts for only a small percentage of the observed increase. Additional processes or microorganisms other than bacteria and higher fungi may be involved in trace element enrichment. Letterman Army Medical Center, Presidio of San Francisco, Calif. 94129, USA. (smf) 82:1038 Elgershuizen, J.H.B.W., 1981. Some environmental impacts of a storm surge barrier [Eastern Scheldt Estuary, Netherlandsl. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 12(8):265-271. Royal Neth. Acad. of Arts and Sci., Oude Koudekerkseweg 3, 4335 CA Middelburg, Netherlands. 82:1039 Fraser, J.C. and H.E. Kumpf (chairmen), 1980/81. [Effects of hydrocarbons on fishery resources.I Proc. Gulf Carib. Fish. Inst., (33rd a. vol.):35140; 7 papers.

A paucity of data was cited on the direct in-situ effects of hydrocarbons on tropical marine fishery resources despite presentations on the IXTOC-1 incident, an environmental assessment of the Buccaneer field, Campeche Bay shrimp and petroleum, molluscs and crude oil, and striped bass and benzene. (izs) 82:1040 Huh, Hyung Tack, 1980. Effects of thermal effluents on marine biota in coastal waters of Korea. Acta oceanogr, taiwan., 11:1-9. KORDI, Seoul, Korea. 82:1041 Marsh, G.A. and D.B. Turbeville, 1981. The environmental impact of beach nourishment: two [quantitative benthic invertebrate] studies in

127

southeastern Florida. Shore Beach, 49(3):40-44. Florida Atlantic Univ., Boca Raton, Fla., USA. 82:1042 McLeese, D.W., S. Ray and L.E. Burridge, 1981. Lack of excretion of cadmium from lobsters. Chemosphere, 10(7):775-778.

Prolonged storage deemed ineffective taminated lobsters. Sta. St. Andrews,

in uncontaminated seawater is for reducing Cd levels in conDept. of Fish. and Oceans, Biol. NB E0G 2X0, Canada. (izs)

82:1043 McLeese, D.W., V. Zitko, D.B. Sergeant, L. Burridge and C.D. Metcalfe, 1981. Lethality and accumulation of alkylphenols in aquatic fauna [shrimp and salmon]. Chemosphere, 10(7):723-730. Dept. of Fish. and Oceans, Biol. Station, St. Andrews, NB E0G 2X0, Canada. 82:1044 Mead, Chris and Stephen Baillie, 1981. Seabirds and oil: the worst winter. Nature, Loud., 292(5818): 10-11.

Reported mortalities of oiled seabirds in the U.K. were greater during winter 1980-81 than in previous years. Guillemots and razorbills were the most affected comprising 84% of those reported. Relationships among ages, patterns of migration and ringing (tagging) efforts are considered; if the mortality rate continues, the resultant decline over much of northern Britain will be cause for alarm. British Trust for Ornithology, Tring, U.K. (smf) 82:1045 No~l, Pierre, 1981. Consequences of the Amoco Cad/z spill on populations of Proces~ edulis (Crnstacea, Caridea). Cah. Biol. mar., 22(2):133-139. (In French, English abstract.) Lab. de Zool., Univ. Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, 4, place Jussieu, 75230 Paris Cedex 05, France. 82:1046 Probert, P.K., 1981. Changes in the benthic community of china day waste deposits in Mevagissey Bay [Cornwall, England] following a reduction of discharges. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., 61(3):789-804.

Reduction, by about a third, of the fine sediment waste discharged into the bay did not observably improve benthic conditions; in fact, species diversity declined somewhat. 'It is argued that the suspended solid concentration was unlikely to have adversely affected the predominantly deposit-feeding community'; observed changes were not dissimilar to those naturally arising simply from species inter-

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E. Biological Oceanograph3

OLR (1982) 29 (2)

actions and varying larval success. Nature Conserv. Council, Godwin House, George St., Huntingdon, UK. (slr)

The interpretation of dominance-weighted diversity indices is thus unclear. Dept. of Biol. Sci., Univ. of So. Calif., Los Angeles, Calif. 90007, USA. (mjj)

82:1047 Smith, J.D., E.C.V. Butler, B.R. Grant, G.W. Little, Nancy Millis and P.J. Milne, 1981. Distribution and significance of copper, lead, zinc and cadmium in the Corio Bay [Victoria, Australia] ecosystem. A ust. J. mar. Freshwat. Res., 32(2):151-164. Sch. of Chem., Univ. of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic. 3052, Australia.

82:1051 Gauch, H.G. Jr. and R.H. Whittaker, 1981. Hierarchical classification of community data. J. Ecol., 69(2):537-557.

82:1048 Tan, Tjhing Lok and Detlef Thormann, 1981. Lead and cadmium in the Weser Estuary and the German Bight: correlations between bacteria populations, heavy metals and organic carbon. Verg)ff. Inst. Meeresforsch. Bremerh., 19(1):1-20. (In German, English summary.) Pb and Cd along with colony counts of anaerobic heterotrophic, anaerobic N-fixing, chitinoclastic and cellulolytic bacteria showed a positive correlation with organic C content (depend6nt on sediment type). Two aerobic heterotrophic populations showed no significant difference in Pb tolerance. Inst. fur Meeres., Am Handelshafen 12, D-2850 Bremerhaven, FRG. (ahm)

E340. Aquaculture (commercial) 82:1049 Dahlb~ck, B. and L.A.H. Gunnarsson, 1981. SOdimentation and suffate reduction under a mussel culture. Mar. Biol., 63(3):269-275. A highly organic and sulfate-rich sediment accumulates (3 g C m 2 d ~) three times more rapidly than normal beneath Mytilus edulis cultures. Dept. of Mar. Microbiol., Gothenburg Univ., Carl Skottsbergs Gata 22, S-413 19 Goteborg, Sweden. (mjj)

E370. Theoretical biology and ecology 82:1050 Birch, D.W., 1981. Dominance in marine ecosystems. Am. Naturalist, 118(2):262-274. MacArthur's (1969) hypothesis that 'species-rich communities have more equal distributions of relative abundance than species-poor communities' is shown not to hold true for marine communities (in fact the opposite trend is observed), based on an analysis of published data for benthic macrofauna.

Problems in the use of hierarchical classification are discussed (conceptual space, random noise, division criteria, etc.). Three agglomerative (linkage clustering, unweighted pair, minimization of within-group dispersion) and two divisive (two-way indicator species, ordination space) techniques are compared using simulated and field data sets. Two-way indicator species analysis usually, but not always, is the best. The superiority of a divisive analysis strategy is discussed in light of test results and theoretical and technical (computer) requirements. Sect. of Ecol. and System., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. 14850, USA. (mjj) 82:1052 Gopalsamy, K., 1981. Limit cycles in periodically perturbed population systems. Bull. mathl Biol., 43(4):463-485. Sch. of Math. Sci., Flinders Univ., Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia. 82:1053 Hahlweg, Kai, 1981. Progress through evolution? An inquiry into the thought of C.H. Waddington. Acta biotheor., 30(2):103-120. Waddington viewed evolutionary change as the result of two interlocking feedback circuits: (1) environment and phenotype and (2) genotype and phenotype; natural selection acted on the phenotype. Hahlweg expounds upon this theory from a philosophical perspective, seeing it as bringing 'purposiveness' back into evolution. Dept. of Phil., Univ. of Western Ontario, London 72, Ont., Canada.

(mjj) 82:1054 Jordan, C.F., 1981. Do ecosystems exist? Am. Naturalist, 118(2):284-287. Engelberg and Boyarsky (1979) questioned the existence of ecosystems, which they saw as noncybernetic systems lacking internal systematic exchange of information and lacking regulatory or control functions--mere collections of species with no transcending properties. Jordan argues for the existence of ecosystems based on the existence of complex feedback loops between species, giving as an example the relationships among several tropical rain forest species. Consequences of the existence or

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E. Biological Oceanography

non-existence of ecosystems as real-world information networks are discussed. Inst. of Ecology, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, Ga. 30602, USA. (mjj)

82:1055 May, R.M., 1981. A cycling index for ecosystems. Nature, Lond., 292(5819):p.105. Finn's 'cycling index' (a quantitative measure of the extent to which energy or nutrient flows recirculate within a system) is discussed with examples. While flow measures account for the amounts of nutrients actually moving and the way in which they move, they do not account for residence times or storages. The author urges caution in attempting to express the complexities of ecosystem disturbances in terms of a single number derived from complex arrays of flow pattern information. Princeton Univ., Princeton, N.J., USA. (smf) 82:1056 Silvert, William and W.R. Smith, 1981. The response of ecosystems to external perturbations. Mathl Biosci., 55(3/4):279-306. General linear-response-function methodology is used to evaluate the response of discrete ecosystem models to external perturbations. A single-species system modeled by a finite-difference-equation with an arbitrary time delay is specifically discussed and used to examine variability in Manx herring and Arcto-Norwegian cod stocks. Multispecies implications are considered. Bedford Inst. of Oceanogr., Dartmouth, NS, Canada. (mjj) 82:1057 Stebbins, G.L. and F.J. Ayala, 1981. Is a new evolutionary synthesis necessary? Science, 213(4511):967-971. Whether macroevolution (speciation and morphological diversification) is a gradual or punctuated process cannot be deduced from microevolutionary principles as these principles are compatible with both gradualism and punctualism. Dept. of Genetics, Univ. of Calif., Davis, Calif. 95616, USA. (mjj)

82:1058 Turelli, Michael, 1981. Niche overlap and invasion of competitors in random environments. I. Models without demographic stochasticity. Theor. Popular. Biol., 20(1):1-56. The author refines and generalizes his earlier (1978) approximation analysis and applies it to symmetric discrete-time analogs of the Lotka-Volterra equations, demonstrating that small-scale random environmental fluctuations have no effect on the limits of similarity of competing species, thereby contra-

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dicting the conclusions of May and MacArthur (1972). Also analyzed are asymmetric models with auto- and cross-correlation, with similar results. Analytical results are confirmed by Monte Carlo experiments; ecological implications are discussed. Dept. of Genetics, Univ. of California, Davis, Calif. 95616, USA. (mjj)

E400. Books, collections (general) 82:1059 Cescon, B. et al., 1980/81. IModelling and biological oceanography: trophic dynamics, fisheries, predator-prey systems, phosphorus cycled Oceanis, 6(1):108pp; 4 papers. (In French, English abstracts.) 82:1060 Cognetti, Giuseppe, Paolo Tongiorgi and A.M. Bonvicini Pagliai (eds.), 1979/80. IMm'ine biology and management in the coastal zone.] The 1 lth Congress of the Italian Marine Biological Society held 23-26 May 1979 in Orbetello, Italy. Memorie Soc. tosc. Sci. nat., (Ser. B)86(Suppl.):401pp; 78 papers. (Italian, some French and English.) This predominantly Italian collection of 78 papers encompasses 5 broad areas: fisheries, aquaculture, pollution, conservation, and management. Representative topics include biofouling, the Amoco Cadiz disaster, primary productivity, monitoring environmental change; representative biota include fish, polychaetes, phyto- and zooplankton, macrobenthos, molluscs, echinoderms, copepods, shrimp, amphipods, sponges, siphonophores, eels. (izs)

E410. Miscellaneous 82:1061 Domanski, Peter, 1981. BIOS, a database for marine biological data. J. Plankt. Res., 3(3):475-491. In this database for species distribution data, emphasis is placed on flexibility of access to stored information; multiple retrieval pathways permit simple or complicated interrogation. Structural organization is explained and details of database contents are listed with examples of use. Inst. of Oceanogr. Sci., Wormley, Godalming, Surrey GU8 5UB, UK.