- Email: [email protected]
Brewing of an alcoholic beverage and aroma compounds formation by an l -canavanine resistant saké-yeast
VOL 67, 1989
141
Abstracts of the Articles Printed in Hakkokogaku Kaishi Vol. 67, No. 1 (1989)
Isolation and Identification of C h a e t o m i u m a u r e u m as a TrehalaseProducing Microorganism. SAWAO MURAO, MITSOO SUMIDA, SHIGEKAZU MIYATA, SEI OGURA, and MOTOO ARAI* (Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College
of Agriculture, University of Osaka Prefecture, Sakai, Osaka 591, Japan) Hakkokogaku 6"/: 1-5. 1989. A trehalase-producing fungus, strain no. MS-27, was isolated from soil and was identified as Chaetomium aureum from its morphological characteristics. The fungus produced an extracellular type of the enzyme in the presence or absence of trehalose in several media. This indicated that the enzyme is constitutive. When the fungus was aerobically cultui'ed in a medium of 0.3% glucose, 0.5% Polypepton, 0.59/00 meat extract, 0.2%/00KH2PO4, 0.05% MgSO4.7H20, and 0.3% NaCl, pH 5.0, for 7-8 d at 30°C, the maximal enzyme production was obtained. The enzyme was most active at pH 4.0. * Corresponding author.
Brewing of an Alcoholic Beverage and Aroma Compounds Formation by an L-Canavanine Resistant S a k d - Y e a s t . t OSAMU AKITA, TETSUO HASUO, SHODO HARA, and KIYOSHI YOSHIZAWA (National Research Institute of Brewing, 2-6-30, Takinogawa, Kita-ku, Tokyo i14, Japan) Hakkokogaku 67: 7-14. 1989. We have reported on the absorption of leucine and isoamy) alcohol formation by yeast reduced in the medium (i.e. the saccharified solution made from polished rice and rice-koji) enriched with amino acids. An L-canavanine resistant yeast (canl mutant) failed to take up arginine because of a defect in arginine permease, and compared with a wild strain, took up much of other amino acids instead of nitrogen-rich arginine. Formation of isoamyl alcohol and other several higher alcohols by the L-canavanine resistant mutants was promoted with increases in absorption of leucine and the related amino acids. Formation of isoamyl acetate and fl-phenylethyl acetate by the L-canavanine resistant mutants was promoted with increases in these two alcohols. The use of L-canavanine resistant sake-yeast in our fermentation system was efficient to make an alcoholic beverage containing an abundance of aroma compounds. Studies on the Brewing of Alcoholic Beverages by the System of Fermentation Following Saccharification (X). * Corresponding author.
The Influence of Organic Acid Concentration in Methanogenic Waste on Membrane Filtration Characteristics. YASUTOSH1 SHIM1ZU,I* MINORU ROKUDAI,2 SACHIO TOHYA,3 EISUKE KAYAWAKE,4 TETSUO YAZAWA,5 HIROSHI TANAKA,5 and KIYOHISA EGUCHI5 (R & D Div., Water Research Lab., TOTO Ltd., 2-1-1, Naka-
jima, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu-shi 8021"; NGK Insulators Ltd., Nagoya 4672; Toshiba Corp., Tokyo 1833; Kubota Ltd., Osaka 5564; Government Industrial Research Institute, Osaka, Ikeda 563, 5 Japan) Hakkokogaku 67: 15-22. 1989. For the purpose of developing a methane fermentation membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment, the influence of operations concerning the fermentor on the filtration characteristics was examined. The fermentation broth, which was produced by an ill-operated reactor to concentrate the organic acid in the broth and which was neutralized by NaOH, was used for filtration tests. And also, the fermentation broth from the stably methane fermented
reactor was used for filtration tests to compare the filtration characteristics. This examination has revealed that the permeation flux of ill-operated fermentation broth was 1/2 that of stably methane fermented broth. The analysis for filtration resistance suggests that the salt concentration which was produced by the neutralization of organic acid affected the permeability of the particle-packed layer formed on the membrane surface through filtration. This estimation was confirmed by the measurements of specific filtration resistance of fermentation broth. * Corresponding author.
Deproteinization of Various Crustacean Cuticles by P s e u d o m o n a s
maltophilia L C 1 0 2 - - N o t e - YASUYUKI TAKIGUCHI* and KENZO SHIMAHARA (Department of In-
dustrial Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Seikei University, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180, Japan) Hakkokogaku 67: 23-28. 1989. A highly proteolytic bacterium Pseudomonas maltophilia LC102 was cultivated at 30°C with reciprocating shaking in a medium consisted of K2HPO4 and previously decalcified crustacean cuticle. In the cases of pleon cuticles of 3 Natantia species, Penaeus japonicus (kuruma prawn), Penaeus chinensis, and Metapenaeus affinis, the protein contents decreased to 2% within 1 or 2 d. The protein contents of the cuticles from 7-d cultures were about 1%. Other crustacean cuticles such as Chionoecetes opilio (zuwai crab) were deproteinized more slowly than Natantia cuticles. Deproteinization of the cuticles of Pe. japonicus and C. opilio with Ps. maltophilia protease was compared with that by papain or pepsin. * Corresponding author.
Fermentation
Hydrogen
Evolution
from
Various Substrates by
Enterobacter aerogenes.--Note-SH1GEHARU TANISHO, TU HuI-PING, and NORIAKI WAKAO (Depart-
ment of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Yokohama National University, Tokiwadai 156, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240, Japan) Hakkokogaku 67: 29-34. 1989. Several kinds of substrates were examined to find whether
Enterobacter aerogenes strain E. 82005 could evolve hydrogen from these substrates with peptone as a nitrogen source. Among some carbohydrates and their related compounds, pentoses and saccharides were generally good sources of hydrogen evolution. Above all, gluconic acid which is an oxide of glucose, was degraded to hydrogen about 1.4 times faster than glucose. Yield of hydrogen from mannitol or sorbitol was about 1.6mol/mol-substrate, though about 1.0 mol/mol-substrate from glucose. In case of sucrose or maltose, the hydrogen yield of substrate was about 1.5 times larger than that of glucose per weight. Thus, these substrates were very efficient in energy conversion. The bacteria could grow in lactose under aerobic conditions, though with difficulty under anaerobic conditions. Formate was slowly degraded to hydrogen. The rate of hydrogen evolution was about one half of that of glucose. Some carbonates were used for growth of the bacteria, though not degraded to hydrogen. Yields of cell mass from L-ascorbic acid, gluconic acid, and mannitol were very large. Particularly, the yield from mannitol was about twice that from glucose. * Corresponding author.
141
Abstracts of the Articles Printed in Hakkokogaku Kaishi Vol. 67, No. 1 (1989)
Isolation and Identification of C h a e t o m i u m a u r e u m as a TrehalaseProducing Microorganism. SAWAO MURAO, MITSOO SUMIDA, SHIGEKAZU MIYATA, SEI OGURA, and MOTOO ARAI* (Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College
of Agriculture, University of Osaka Prefecture, Sakai, Osaka 591, Japan) Hakkokogaku 6"/: 1-5. 1989. A trehalase-producing fungus, strain no. MS-27, was isolated from soil and was identified as Chaetomium aureum from its morphological characteristics. The fungus produced an extracellular type of the enzyme in the presence or absence of trehalose in several media. This indicated that the enzyme is constitutive. When the fungus was aerobically cultui'ed in a medium of 0.3% glucose, 0.5% Polypepton, 0.59/00 meat extract, 0.2%/00KH2PO4, 0.05% MgSO4.7H20, and 0.3% NaCl, pH 5.0, for 7-8 d at 30°C, the maximal enzyme production was obtained. The enzyme was most active at pH 4.0. * Corresponding author.
Brewing of an Alcoholic Beverage and Aroma Compounds Formation by an L-Canavanine Resistant S a k d - Y e a s t . t OSAMU AKITA, TETSUO HASUO, SHODO HARA, and KIYOSHI YOSHIZAWA (National Research Institute of Brewing, 2-6-30, Takinogawa, Kita-ku, Tokyo i14, Japan) Hakkokogaku 67: 7-14. 1989. We have reported on the absorption of leucine and isoamy) alcohol formation by yeast reduced in the medium (i.e. the saccharified solution made from polished rice and rice-koji) enriched with amino acids. An L-canavanine resistant yeast (canl mutant) failed to take up arginine because of a defect in arginine permease, and compared with a wild strain, took up much of other amino acids instead of nitrogen-rich arginine. Formation of isoamyl alcohol and other several higher alcohols by the L-canavanine resistant mutants was promoted with increases in absorption of leucine and the related amino acids. Formation of isoamyl acetate and fl-phenylethyl acetate by the L-canavanine resistant mutants was promoted with increases in these two alcohols. The use of L-canavanine resistant sake-yeast in our fermentation system was efficient to make an alcoholic beverage containing an abundance of aroma compounds. Studies on the Brewing of Alcoholic Beverages by the System of Fermentation Following Saccharification (X). * Corresponding author.
The Influence of Organic Acid Concentration in Methanogenic Waste on Membrane Filtration Characteristics. YASUTOSH1 SHIM1ZU,I* MINORU ROKUDAI,2 SACHIO TOHYA,3 EISUKE KAYAWAKE,4 TETSUO YAZAWA,5 HIROSHI TANAKA,5 and KIYOHISA EGUCHI5 (R & D Div., Water Research Lab., TOTO Ltd., 2-1-1, Naka-
jima, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu-shi 8021"; NGK Insulators Ltd., Nagoya 4672; Toshiba Corp., Tokyo 1833; Kubota Ltd., Osaka 5564; Government Industrial Research Institute, Osaka, Ikeda 563, 5 Japan) Hakkokogaku 67: 15-22. 1989. For the purpose of developing a methane fermentation membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment, the influence of operations concerning the fermentor on the filtration characteristics was examined. The fermentation broth, which was produced by an ill-operated reactor to concentrate the organic acid in the broth and which was neutralized by NaOH, was used for filtration tests. And also, the fermentation broth from the stably methane fermented
reactor was used for filtration tests to compare the filtration characteristics. This examination has revealed that the permeation flux of ill-operated fermentation broth was 1/2 that of stably methane fermented broth. The analysis for filtration resistance suggests that the salt concentration which was produced by the neutralization of organic acid affected the permeability of the particle-packed layer formed on the membrane surface through filtration. This estimation was confirmed by the measurements of specific filtration resistance of fermentation broth. * Corresponding author.
Deproteinization of Various Crustacean Cuticles by P s e u d o m o n a s
maltophilia L C 1 0 2 - - N o t e - YASUYUKI TAKIGUCHI* and KENZO SHIMAHARA (Department of In-
dustrial Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Seikei University, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180, Japan) Hakkokogaku 67: 23-28. 1989. A highly proteolytic bacterium Pseudomonas maltophilia LC102 was cultivated at 30°C with reciprocating shaking in a medium consisted of K2HPO4 and previously decalcified crustacean cuticle. In the cases of pleon cuticles of 3 Natantia species, Penaeus japonicus (kuruma prawn), Penaeus chinensis, and Metapenaeus affinis, the protein contents decreased to 2% within 1 or 2 d. The protein contents of the cuticles from 7-d cultures were about 1%. Other crustacean cuticles such as Chionoecetes opilio (zuwai crab) were deproteinized more slowly than Natantia cuticles. Deproteinization of the cuticles of Pe. japonicus and C. opilio with Ps. maltophilia protease was compared with that by papain or pepsin. * Corresponding author.
Fermentation
Hydrogen
Evolution
from
Various Substrates by
Enterobacter aerogenes.--Note-SH1GEHARU TANISHO, TU HuI-PING, and NORIAKI WAKAO (Depart-
ment of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Yokohama National University, Tokiwadai 156, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240, Japan) Hakkokogaku 67: 29-34. 1989. Several kinds of substrates were examined to find whether
Enterobacter aerogenes strain E. 82005 could evolve hydrogen from these substrates with peptone as a nitrogen source. Among some carbohydrates and their related compounds, pentoses and saccharides were generally good sources of hydrogen evolution. Above all, gluconic acid which is an oxide of glucose, was degraded to hydrogen about 1.4 times faster than glucose. Yield of hydrogen from mannitol or sorbitol was about 1.6mol/mol-substrate, though about 1.0 mol/mol-substrate from glucose. In case of sucrose or maltose, the hydrogen yield of substrate was about 1.5 times larger than that of glucose per weight. Thus, these substrates were very efficient in energy conversion. The bacteria could grow in lactose under aerobic conditions, though with difficulty under anaerobic conditions. Formate was slowly degraded to hydrogen. The rate of hydrogen evolution was about one half of that of glucose. Some carbonates were used for growth of the bacteria, though not degraded to hydrogen. Yields of cell mass from L-ascorbic acid, gluconic acid, and mannitol were very large. Particularly, the yield from mannitol was about twice that from glucose. * Corresponding author.