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CADM-1: an interactive computer graphics system for machine design
SOLAR5, a user-friendly computeraided energy conserving design tool M Milne (UCLA, CA, USA) SOLAR5 is a simple easy-to-use design tool that gives architects an instantaneous graphic display of their building's energy performance and allows immediate on-line design revisions. It is designed to be used at the very beginning of the design process when most of the decisions affecting the building's energy performance must be made, but when the building is the most vaguely defined.
Computer-aided design and thermal analysis of solar water heating installations P Robertson (Energy DesignServices, Aberdeen, UK) G S Saluja (Robert Gordon's Institute of Technology, Aberdeen, UK)
A computer program has been developed to predict and display the dynamic performance of solar water heating systems and their installation designs under transient climatic and restricted site conditions. Validation studies against the performance of a test facility and a commercial installation, in Aberdeen, showed good correlation. These facilities have been further developed to optimize the system performance by the integration of the collector installation as part of the roof fabric. The application of this interactive computer program lies in the development of innovative solar collector system and installation designs to achieve optimum system performance under transient climatic and restricted site conditions. Dr Peter Robertson is a partner in Energy Design Services, a multi-disciplinary design practice in Aberdeen. He has a BSc (Hans) in Architecture (1977) and PhD from Robert Gordon's Institute of Technology, Aberdeen. His main research interests in CAD is in relation to alternative energy systems. C A D o f a solar a b s o r p t i o n air c o n d i t i o n i n g system Chih Wu (US Naval Academy, MD, USA) This paper describes a pilot interactive computer program used by midshipmen in the early phases of design of a solar absorption air conditioning system. The model has been made as simple as possible without losing the fundamental relationships of thermodynamics, fluid dynamics and heat transfer theories. The interactive program provides enough information to allow users to evaluate and design their own solar absorption air conditioning units.
I P Smith (Compeda, Stevenage, UK) This paper describes some of the background considerations in implementing an engineering graphics application system on a microcomputer-based workstation. An attempt is made to cover an appreciation of market requirements, hardware considerations and the physical design of the workstation, together with general software requirements. There is a clearly established market need for this type of software/hardware combination, and the developing hardware technologies, together with advances in software, now make it possible for a viable system to be offered to small and medium sized engineering companies. Careful attention to details in both software and hardware design are essential. J P Smith originally trained as a metallurgist with strong engineering connections. Using computers to solve analytical problems initially led to further interests in model building, design and manufacture, carried out concurrently with engineering product and process development in both the UK and Europe.
CADM-1 : an interactive computer graphics system for machine design Wang Yung Hangand Shao Wen Yuang
(Shanghai University of Technology, People's Republic of China) CADM-1 is an interactive computer graphics system, part of an integrated CAD/CAM system being developed by the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Technology. The system includes three types of geometric model program. Examples are included.
BUILDING DESIGN
What if? E x p l o r i n g the consequences o f design and p e r f o r m a n c e decisions in c o m p u t e r - a i d e d design J s Gero, A D Radford and N S Murthy
The development of a CAD-system based upon the mechanical engineering design process A J Medland (Department of Engineering and ManagementSystems, Brunel University, UK) A study of the 'traditional' design/drawing office practices showed that a large element of job control was necessary for the successful development of a mechanical product. a procedure was proposed and tested which assembled the graphical data into a hierarchical 'matrix' structure. Spatial relationships could then be established between individual parts and related back to the original design 'sketches'. These structured relationships, in 3D space, can then be used as the basis for correct assembly and interference checking, generation of exploded views and the functional analysis of mechanism components. Dr A J Medland is a lecturer on the Special Engineering Programme at Brunel University. He is responsible for the development of courses which employ problem solving and system techniques in engineering design. His special interests centre on spatial relationships and include using CAD for functional and kinematic analysis. Before his university appointment he spent 15 years in commercial and government sponsored research and development.
Integration o f mechanical calculation programs in C A D systems G Spur and W Schliep (Technische
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Universit~it, Berlin, W Germany)
Experiences w i t h i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f an engineering graphics a p p l i c a t i o n system on a microcomputer-based workstation
The integration of the processes of design and process planning in CAD systems is important, so that the shape data generated with the aid of CAD systems can be used other processes. Mechanical calculation programs, in particular use geometric input data. An example makes use of the COMPAC
v o l u m e 14 n u m b e r 2 march 1982
CAD system, a calculation program for shafts and the automatic finite element mesh generator CaM F EM.
(University of Sydney, Australia) A fundamental part of design is the process of prediction and postulation. A designer attempts to predict the performance consequences of his design decisions and to postulate the design decisions which will lead to desired performance results. This paper describes a formalized methodology in CAD which provides a framework for exploring such design and performance relationships for multi-variable multi-objective problems. The concept of inverse goal programming is introduced as a means of operating on the Pareto set to identify a subset of acceptable design solutions. An example of this approach applied to the design of multifunctional materials is presented in detail. T E K T O N : a system f o r c o m p u t e r aided architectural design c I Yessios (Computer Aided Architectural Design Laboratory, Department of Architecture, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA) Tekton is an interactive system by which a designer can quickly generate, view and manipulate compositions of architectural forms. The system incorporates graphic input and 3D modelling capabilities, as well as a friendly, yet potent notational system for the representation of transformations and spatial compositions. Its graphic capabilities include hidden face elimination and shadowing, but its most significant feature is the plotting of textured surfaces, as required for the visualization of architectural forms and materials. Tekton is currently operational in monochrome and colour versions, both of which run on off the shelf equipment (Tektronix 4014 and 4027 respectively). Chris I Yessios, PhD (Carnegie-Mellon University), is currently an Associate Professor of Architecture and Computer Aided Design, and Director of the CAAD Lab at the Ohio State University. While he
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Computer-aided design and thermal analysis of solar water heating installations P Robertson (Energy DesignServices, Aberdeen, UK) G S Saluja (Robert Gordon's Institute of Technology, Aberdeen, UK)
A computer program has been developed to predict and display the dynamic performance of solar water heating systems and their installation designs under transient climatic and restricted site conditions. Validation studies against the performance of a test facility and a commercial installation, in Aberdeen, showed good correlation. These facilities have been further developed to optimize the system performance by the integration of the collector installation as part of the roof fabric. The application of this interactive computer program lies in the development of innovative solar collector system and installation designs to achieve optimum system performance under transient climatic and restricted site conditions. Dr Peter Robertson is a partner in Energy Design Services, a multi-disciplinary design practice in Aberdeen. He has a BSc (Hans) in Architecture (1977) and PhD from Robert Gordon's Institute of Technology, Aberdeen. His main research interests in CAD is in relation to alternative energy systems. C A D o f a solar a b s o r p t i o n air c o n d i t i o n i n g system Chih Wu (US Naval Academy, MD, USA) This paper describes a pilot interactive computer program used by midshipmen in the early phases of design of a solar absorption air conditioning system. The model has been made as simple as possible without losing the fundamental relationships of thermodynamics, fluid dynamics and heat transfer theories. The interactive program provides enough information to allow users to evaluate and design their own solar absorption air conditioning units.
I P Smith (Compeda, Stevenage, UK) This paper describes some of the background considerations in implementing an engineering graphics application system on a microcomputer-based workstation. An attempt is made to cover an appreciation of market requirements, hardware considerations and the physical design of the workstation, together with general software requirements. There is a clearly established market need for this type of software/hardware combination, and the developing hardware technologies, together with advances in software, now make it possible for a viable system to be offered to small and medium sized engineering companies. Careful attention to details in both software and hardware design are essential. J P Smith originally trained as a metallurgist with strong engineering connections. Using computers to solve analytical problems initially led to further interests in model building, design and manufacture, carried out concurrently with engineering product and process development in both the UK and Europe.
CADM-1 : an interactive computer graphics system for machine design Wang Yung Hangand Shao Wen Yuang
(Shanghai University of Technology, People's Republic of China) CADM-1 is an interactive computer graphics system, part of an integrated CAD/CAM system being developed by the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Technology. The system includes three types of geometric model program. Examples are included.
BUILDING DESIGN
What if? E x p l o r i n g the consequences o f design and p e r f o r m a n c e decisions in c o m p u t e r - a i d e d design J s Gero, A D Radford and N S Murthy
The development of a CAD-system based upon the mechanical engineering design process A J Medland (Department of Engineering and ManagementSystems, Brunel University, UK) A study of the 'traditional' design/drawing office practices showed that a large element of job control was necessary for the successful development of a mechanical product. a procedure was proposed and tested which assembled the graphical data into a hierarchical 'matrix' structure. Spatial relationships could then be established between individual parts and related back to the original design 'sketches'. These structured relationships, in 3D space, can then be used as the basis for correct assembly and interference checking, generation of exploded views and the functional analysis of mechanism components. Dr A J Medland is a lecturer on the Special Engineering Programme at Brunel University. He is responsible for the development of courses which employ problem solving and system techniques in engineering design. His special interests centre on spatial relationships and include using CAD for functional and kinematic analysis. Before his university appointment he spent 15 years in commercial and government sponsored research and development.
Integration o f mechanical calculation programs in C A D systems G Spur and W Schliep (Technische
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Universit~it, Berlin, W Germany)
Experiences w i t h i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f an engineering graphics a p p l i c a t i o n system on a microcomputer-based workstation
The integration of the processes of design and process planning in CAD systems is important, so that the shape data generated with the aid of CAD systems can be used other processes. Mechanical calculation programs, in particular use geometric input data. An example makes use of the COMPAC
v o l u m e 14 n u m b e r 2 march 1982
CAD system, a calculation program for shafts and the automatic finite element mesh generator CaM F EM.
(University of Sydney, Australia) A fundamental part of design is the process of prediction and postulation. A designer attempts to predict the performance consequences of his design decisions and to postulate the design decisions which will lead to desired performance results. This paper describes a formalized methodology in CAD which provides a framework for exploring such design and performance relationships for multi-variable multi-objective problems. The concept of inverse goal programming is introduced as a means of operating on the Pareto set to identify a subset of acceptable design solutions. An example of this approach applied to the design of multifunctional materials is presented in detail. T E K T O N : a system f o r c o m p u t e r aided architectural design c I Yessios (Computer Aided Architectural Design Laboratory, Department of Architecture, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA) Tekton is an interactive system by which a designer can quickly generate, view and manipulate compositions of architectural forms. The system incorporates graphic input and 3D modelling capabilities, as well as a friendly, yet potent notational system for the representation of transformations and spatial compositions. Its graphic capabilities include hidden face elimination and shadowing, but its most significant feature is the plotting of textured surfaces, as required for the visualization of architectural forms and materials. Tekton is currently operational in monochrome and colour versions, both of which run on off the shelf equipment (Tektronix 4014 and 4027 respectively). Chris I Yessios, PhD (Carnegie-Mellon University), is currently an Associate Professor of Architecture and Computer Aided Design, and Director of the CAAD Lab at the Ohio State University. While he
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