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Call for nominations for ICTA awards
281 formed using a low ash char, loaded with variable amounts of K,CO, and clay minerals. Those runs established that these minerals reduce reactivity towards gasification. The use of potassium as catalyst in gasification processes suffers from the limitation that its quantitative recovery from the residues is difficult. This is due to the formation of non-leachable compounds with the mineral matter of coal. Recent investigations have attempted to correlate potassium losses with mineral matter composition [G. Bruno, L. Carvani and G. Passoni, Fuel, 65 (1986) 1473; L. Kuhn and H. Plogmann, Fuel, 62 (1983) 2051. The reactivity of K&O, with some mineral constituents of coal were evaluated at 973 K. After reaction residues were analysed by XRD and leached with water to test the potassium solubility. It was found that some clays commonly present in coal react at 973 K with potassium to produce kalsilite or kaliophilite. Increasing the water partial pressure favours the reaction; moreover kaolin&e is more reactive than illite. Examination of the behaviour of eight different carbonaceous matrices revealed that each Al site in the clay blocks a potassium atom. Potassium probably forms other insoluble compounds as well as aluminosilicates. These compounds could contain iron and/or sulphur. J.V.D.
COKE
REACTIVITY
The efficient operation of blast furnaces has required intensive investigation of coke behaviour and reactivity. Many factors affect its reactivity, including coal rank, basic metal oxide content of coke ash, petrographic constituents of coal and coke, and coking conditions. The effect of alkali compounds on coke reactivity has received much attention. Recently the effect of Fe,O, and K&O, was reported [Y. Chiu and M. Hong, Fuel, 64 (1985) 1007]. The two additives, Fe,O, up to 1% and K&O,
Reactivity
(0.5%) were mixed with coal tested before carbonization. Results showed that the additives strongly increase CR1 (coke reactivity index) and decrease CSR (coke strength after reaction) of each coke, but there were no significant changes in coke microstructure. The efficiency of calcium as a catalytic agent in the gasification of cokes has been investigated [P. Barthe, H. Charcosset and J. Guet, Fuel, 65 (1986) 13301. Coke from a bituminous coal was ground for different time intervals (l-24 h), demineralized and impregnated with calcium acetate. The different species formed during heat treatment in an inert atmosphere were characterized by XRD. Their mean crystallite size was close to 15 run. The catalytic activity of each phase was measured during the gasification of the coke in air. A catalytic effect of Ca was only observed with the coke ground during 24 h. This effect is not ascribed to any of the phases arising from the decomposition of the calcium salt. Rather, it is related to the more numerous Ca*+ exchange sites present at the surface of the coke after 24 h grinding time. It is apparent that excess catalyst loadings can decrease coke reactivity by reducing the carbon surface available to the reactant gas. Uncatalysed and K,CO,-catalysed coke samples have been analysed using differential steady state kinetic measurements and CO, and N, adsorptions [P.R. Abel et al., Fuel, 64 (1985) 6131. Large catalyst loadings per unit area blocked 90% of the available surface area after exposure to gasification conditions (CO, at loo0 K). For such loadings, reactivity decreased with increasing burn-off. Pore blockage was found to be a function of both temperature and gas phase environment. J.V.D.
CALL FOR NOMINATIONS AWARDS
FOR ICTA
Nominations are requested for candidates for the ICTA DuPont and Young
of Solids, News Brief, Vol. 3, No. 3, June 1987
282 Scientist Awards which will be presented at the next International Conference on Thermal Analysis in Jerusalem, Israel, August 21-26, 1988. The DuPont Award. This consists of a plaque, an honorarium of 1000 US $, and expenses to attend the Jerusalem meeting. It is awarded to a person who has, in the judgement of the Awards Committee and Commit of ICTA, made an outstanding contribution to the science of thermal analysis and/or shown significant leadership to the profession of thermal analysis. Nominations should include the consent of the candidate, curriculum vitae, list of publications, and other relevant supporting material. Five copies of the nomination portfolio should be provided. Young Scientist Award. This consists of a plague and necessary financial support to attend the Jerusalem meeting. Candidates, who must be under 35 years of age as of 31 December 1988, should submit the paper that they intend to present at the meeting, together with a list of publications and a short curriculum vitae. The paper must be in English and the candidate must be the sole author. Five copies of the documentation should be provided. Nominations for both Awards should be received by September 30, 1987 by: Dr. D.J. Morgan, Chairman, ICTA Awards Committee, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG (U.K.). P.K.G.
1987 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL SEMINARS ON COMPOSITE MATERIALS Composite materials. The Continuing Education Institute (CEI) organizes in Davos, Switzerland, on June 15-19, 1987, its courses on composite materials. Continuous fiber composites: design and applications- Course content: general applications; where continuous fibers are used; which resins are most popular; basic differences between designing with composites and metallics; fibers, weaves, fabrics
and prepregs; design methodology; laminated structnral design analysis; how computers have simplified the designing of composite structures; current test methods (their strengths and weakness); thermal expansion control with composites; effects of holes and cut-outs; what are the joint alternatives, their advantages and disadvantages, and design approaches; strength, durability, and damage tolerance; what techniques and materials have the most potential to control low velocity impact damage; repair of composite materials; the interface between manufacturing and design; materials handling, manufacturing and quality control. Composite materials for high-voiume applications: processing science and technology. Course content: structure-property relationships (matrix continuous fibers, chopped fibers, flakes, and particles); understanding resins (the~o~tting and thermoplastics, curing and crystallization, liquid crystal polymers); understanding processing fundamentals (heat and flow, forming and shaping, extrusion and poltrusion); design manufacturing interfaces; making shapes (prepreg systems, curing and forming, molding processes-sheet molding, reactive injection molding, etc. _. ); characterization methods and quality control; manufacturing efficiency; application of concepts. Adhesion, adhesives and adhesive joints for automotive and aircraft industy. Course content: opening remarks; wetting and adhesion; surface pretreatments; chemistry of adhesives; stress analysis, fracture mechanisms, and the strength of adhesive joints; durability and testing methods; hands-on experiments; reliable bonded structures through process controb non-destructive testing and quality control of adhesive bonded joints; assembly bonding and structural sealing for better fatigue resistant structures; applications of adhesive bonding in aircraft industry; adhesive applications in car-building industry; the design of bonded joints; structural adhesive bonding in the car body; general applications of high-performance adhesives in structural and mechanical engineering; case histories and general discussion.
Reactivity of Solids, News Brief, Vol. 3, No. 3, June 1987
COKE
REACTIVITY
The efficient operation of blast furnaces has required intensive investigation of coke behaviour and reactivity. Many factors affect its reactivity, including coal rank, basic metal oxide content of coke ash, petrographic constituents of coal and coke, and coking conditions. The effect of alkali compounds on coke reactivity has received much attention. Recently the effect of Fe,O, and K&O, was reported [Y. Chiu and M. Hong, Fuel, 64 (1985) 1007]. The two additives, Fe,O, up to 1% and K&O,
Reactivity
(0.5%) were mixed with coal tested before carbonization. Results showed that the additives strongly increase CR1 (coke reactivity index) and decrease CSR (coke strength after reaction) of each coke, but there were no significant changes in coke microstructure. The efficiency of calcium as a catalytic agent in the gasification of cokes has been investigated [P. Barthe, H. Charcosset and J. Guet, Fuel, 65 (1986) 13301. Coke from a bituminous coal was ground for different time intervals (l-24 h), demineralized and impregnated with calcium acetate. The different species formed during heat treatment in an inert atmosphere were characterized by XRD. Their mean crystallite size was close to 15 run. The catalytic activity of each phase was measured during the gasification of the coke in air. A catalytic effect of Ca was only observed with the coke ground during 24 h. This effect is not ascribed to any of the phases arising from the decomposition of the calcium salt. Rather, it is related to the more numerous Ca*+ exchange sites present at the surface of the coke after 24 h grinding time. It is apparent that excess catalyst loadings can decrease coke reactivity by reducing the carbon surface available to the reactant gas. Uncatalysed and K,CO,-catalysed coke samples have been analysed using differential steady state kinetic measurements and CO, and N, adsorptions [P.R. Abel et al., Fuel, 64 (1985) 6131. Large catalyst loadings per unit area blocked 90% of the available surface area after exposure to gasification conditions (CO, at loo0 K). For such loadings, reactivity decreased with increasing burn-off. Pore blockage was found to be a function of both temperature and gas phase environment. J.V.D.
CALL FOR NOMINATIONS AWARDS
FOR ICTA
Nominations are requested for candidates for the ICTA DuPont and Young
of Solids, News Brief, Vol. 3, No. 3, June 1987
282 Scientist Awards which will be presented at the next International Conference on Thermal Analysis in Jerusalem, Israel, August 21-26, 1988. The DuPont Award. This consists of a plaque, an honorarium of 1000 US $, and expenses to attend the Jerusalem meeting. It is awarded to a person who has, in the judgement of the Awards Committee and Commit of ICTA, made an outstanding contribution to the science of thermal analysis and/or shown significant leadership to the profession of thermal analysis. Nominations should include the consent of the candidate, curriculum vitae, list of publications, and other relevant supporting material. Five copies of the nomination portfolio should be provided. Young Scientist Award. This consists of a plague and necessary financial support to attend the Jerusalem meeting. Candidates, who must be under 35 years of age as of 31 December 1988, should submit the paper that they intend to present at the meeting, together with a list of publications and a short curriculum vitae. The paper must be in English and the candidate must be the sole author. Five copies of the documentation should be provided. Nominations for both Awards should be received by September 30, 1987 by: Dr. D.J. Morgan, Chairman, ICTA Awards Committee, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG (U.K.). P.K.G.
1987 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL SEMINARS ON COMPOSITE MATERIALS Composite materials. The Continuing Education Institute (CEI) organizes in Davos, Switzerland, on June 15-19, 1987, its courses on composite materials. Continuous fiber composites: design and applications- Course content: general applications; where continuous fibers are used; which resins are most popular; basic differences between designing with composites and metallics; fibers, weaves, fabrics
and prepregs; design methodology; laminated structnral design analysis; how computers have simplified the designing of composite structures; current test methods (their strengths and weakness); thermal expansion control with composites; effects of holes and cut-outs; what are the joint alternatives, their advantages and disadvantages, and design approaches; strength, durability, and damage tolerance; what techniques and materials have the most potential to control low velocity impact damage; repair of composite materials; the interface between manufacturing and design; materials handling, manufacturing and quality control. Composite materials for high-voiume applications: processing science and technology. Course content: structure-property relationships (matrix continuous fibers, chopped fibers, flakes, and particles); understanding resins (the~o~tting and thermoplastics, curing and crystallization, liquid crystal polymers); understanding processing fundamentals (heat and flow, forming and shaping, extrusion and poltrusion); design manufacturing interfaces; making shapes (prepreg systems, curing and forming, molding processes-sheet molding, reactive injection molding, etc. _. ); characterization methods and quality control; manufacturing efficiency; application of concepts. Adhesion, adhesives and adhesive joints for automotive and aircraft industy. Course content: opening remarks; wetting and adhesion; surface pretreatments; chemistry of adhesives; stress analysis, fracture mechanisms, and the strength of adhesive joints; durability and testing methods; hands-on experiments; reliable bonded structures through process controb non-destructive testing and quality control of adhesive bonded joints; assembly bonding and structural sealing for better fatigue resistant structures; applications of adhesive bonding in aircraft industry; adhesive applications in car-building industry; the design of bonded joints; structural adhesive bonding in the car body; general applications of high-performance adhesives in structural and mechanical engineering; case histories and general discussion.
Reactivity of Solids, News Brief, Vol. 3, No. 3, June 1987