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CARCINOMA SUPERVENING ON TUBERCULOUS. LESIONS.
316 for themselves. In such propagandism the public spirit of Indian journalists would find unlimited scope. That is a rough outline of the lines on which the committees might work. The difficulties in front of them are obvious ; but I see no other way in which they can be surmounted ; and I am confident that the Indian members of this conference will agree with me in regarding the question as We are glad to one of the highest national importance." see that similar views are held by various native sanitarians, and may instance a paper contributed to the Medical Congress in Bombay on the Etiology, Epidemiology, and Prophylaxis of Malaria by Dr. Syed Mohamed Varis, in which he reviews all the accepted methods of prophylaxis, laying special stress on quinine distribution, and adding : "A word must be said on education that a doctor or administrator could do nothing unless there was a willing cooperation on the part of the people. The people should be taught to appreciate the sayings of science, and it could be accomplished during school training and through the newspapers and society. Though my countrymen are educated, most of them are, however, not enlightened enough to appreciate the work of science. The diffusion of knowledge regarding the new epidemiology and prophylaxis of this infectious disease ought to be undertaken by the social reformers to contradict old prejudice." It is the bounden duty of every medical practitioner in India, be he in the British service or nativeborn, to instil into the communities in his charge, so far as in him lies, the great lesson of the prevention of malaria.
He explains the precautions necessary in selecting them. in detail the methods he employs in testing the effects which the various preparations have upon them and records In concluding what is the inferences which he draws. to the literature of an contribution undoubtedly important this subject, Dr. Martin refers to the suggestion that some tests of a bio-chemical nature should be included in the British Pharmacopoeia and expresses the opinion that the time is not yet ripe for the introduction of tests of this kind unless they are made permissive and not mandatory. Failing the application of physiological methods of standardisation to such drugs as cannot be assayed by other means, it is. obviously necessary that pharmacists should utilise their skill in selecting drugs of high quality and display great care in storing them. -
CARCINOMA
SUPERVENING ON TUBERCULOUS. LESIONS. HOWEVER authorities may differ as to the cause of
malignant disease, on one point at least they appear to b& agreed, and that is that in numerous cases some previous damage has been sustained by the part in which the new growth arises. What this may be varies much in different In some it is simple trauma, as in those instances cases. where a sarcoma develops not long after a severe injury to a bone, or an epithelioma of the tongue appears where a jagged tooth has caused a septic ulcer. Sometimes the growth appears in the scar resulting from a former wound, and somany instances of this have been put on record that all familiar with the occurrence. Sometimes, too,. may develop in a swelling produced by one of the infective granulomata. This is not at all rare with. syphilitic gummata, many cases of carcinoma starting on the dorsum of the tongue having been preceded by gummatous ulcers, and the same sequence has been noticed in syphilitieulcers of the leg and of the scalp. It is decidedly less common for tuberculous lesions to be followed by the development of malignant growths, but in the present issue of THE LANCET two writers refer to this point. Dr. J. L. Bunch mentions a case in which epithelioma supervened on a lupus vulgaris even as early as the age of nine, and Mr. C. B. Lockwood records a very interesting case in which a carcinoma of the breast was associated with tuberculous glands in the axilla When we consider how widespread of the same side. tuberculous lesions are, and that carcinoma does not free quently follow upon them, it is clear that there is no natural tendency for the one condition to develop into the other. The number of cases recorded is small, while the supervention of epithelioma on a lupus of the face is extremely rare, though lupus of the face is so common. Curiously enough, when malignancy does manifest itself in a tuberculous lesion, the result appears to be especially virulent. surgeons
THE BIO-CHEMICAL STANDARDISATION OF DRUGS. SI[NCE there are certain drugs which at present cannot be assayed by chemical means, it is important that the physiological method of appraising their activity should be properly appreciated. It is natural that such important drugs as digitalis, squill, and strophanthus should have absorbed the attention of pharmacologists, for these endeavour to set up physiological standards for preparations of drugs for which there is no test available that will give as true an indication of their activity as a direct observation of their reaction with living tissues. It is mainly with this group of cardiac tonics that Dr. William Martin deals, in a paper read before the Newcastle meeting of the British Pharmaceutical Conference in 1909, which has been published InSome Experiences in the Testing of as a brochure. Methods with Special Reference to Bio-Chemical Drugs by and Dr. Martin gives the Strophanthus" Digitalis, Squill, results of his observations founded on experiments with cannabis indica, ergot, and epinephrine, before passing on to a consideration of the three drugs named in the title. Cannabis indica he dismisses in a few words and confirms the view held by another investigator that the chief cause of deterioration of this drug is oxidation of the active On the
principle.
subject
of
ergot he offers
a
few
are
malignancy
general THE FAILURE OF
remarks and shows two blood pressure tracings of suggestive interest. With regard to epinephrine-the vaso- constrictor
THE X RAYS IN THE TREATMENT OF HYPERTRICHOSIS.
WHEN it
was
discovered that exposure to the X rays
causes
principle of the suprarenal capsules-he explains the method hairs to fall out it was thought that a new remedy for hyperof testing which he uses in the pharmacological laboratory trichosis, which was painless and easily applied, and thereof Brady and Martin, Limited, Newcastle-on-Tyne, where, fore destined to displace the tedious method of electrolysis, indeed, all the experiments on which the paper is based were had been discovered. In the Journal of the A ’liu:?’ican Icicat performed. In testing digitalis, squill, and strophanthus he Association of Jan. 8th Dr. May C. Rice has pointed out that considers that the most suitable method for practical this is unfortunately not true. Many patients were treated guidance in connexion with a manufacturer’s laboratory, with apparent success, but almost invariably, after periods and one which gives as good results as any others advo- ranging from two to six months, the original growth has cated, is that which requires that a fatal termination been succeeded by a stronger growth and this by another and shall follow, within a certain time limit, the adminis- i still another. Nevertheless, determined operators persisted I tration to
small animal of a fixed dose of the pre- in the treatment and gave series after series of exposures in He selects frogs as the animals the hope that eventually a permanent cure would be produced, most suited for the purpose, and deals minutely with which was achieved in rare cases. In treating most
paration
a
to be tested.
He explains the precautions necessary in selecting them. in detail the methods he employs in testing the effects which the various preparations have upon them and records In concluding what is the inferences which he draws. to the literature of an contribution undoubtedly important this subject, Dr. Martin refers to the suggestion that some tests of a bio-chemical nature should be included in the British Pharmacopoeia and expresses the opinion that the time is not yet ripe for the introduction of tests of this kind unless they are made permissive and not mandatory. Failing the application of physiological methods of standardisation to such drugs as cannot be assayed by other means, it is. obviously necessary that pharmacists should utilise their skill in selecting drugs of high quality and display great care in storing them. -
CARCINOMA
SUPERVENING ON TUBERCULOUS. LESIONS. HOWEVER authorities may differ as to the cause of
malignant disease, on one point at least they appear to b& agreed, and that is that in numerous cases some previous damage has been sustained by the part in which the new growth arises. What this may be varies much in different In some it is simple trauma, as in those instances cases. where a sarcoma develops not long after a severe injury to a bone, or an epithelioma of the tongue appears where a jagged tooth has caused a septic ulcer. Sometimes the growth appears in the scar resulting from a former wound, and somany instances of this have been put on record that all familiar with the occurrence. Sometimes, too,. may develop in a swelling produced by one of the infective granulomata. This is not at all rare with. syphilitic gummata, many cases of carcinoma starting on the dorsum of the tongue having been preceded by gummatous ulcers, and the same sequence has been noticed in syphilitieulcers of the leg and of the scalp. It is decidedly less common for tuberculous lesions to be followed by the development of malignant growths, but in the present issue of THE LANCET two writers refer to this point. Dr. J. L. Bunch mentions a case in which epithelioma supervened on a lupus vulgaris even as early as the age of nine, and Mr. C. B. Lockwood records a very interesting case in which a carcinoma of the breast was associated with tuberculous glands in the axilla When we consider how widespread of the same side. tuberculous lesions are, and that carcinoma does not free quently follow upon them, it is clear that there is no natural tendency for the one condition to develop into the other. The number of cases recorded is small, while the supervention of epithelioma on a lupus of the face is extremely rare, though lupus of the face is so common. Curiously enough, when malignancy does manifest itself in a tuberculous lesion, the result appears to be especially virulent. surgeons
THE BIO-CHEMICAL STANDARDISATION OF DRUGS. SI[NCE there are certain drugs which at present cannot be assayed by chemical means, it is important that the physiological method of appraising their activity should be properly appreciated. It is natural that such important drugs as digitalis, squill, and strophanthus should have absorbed the attention of pharmacologists, for these endeavour to set up physiological standards for preparations of drugs for which there is no test available that will give as true an indication of their activity as a direct observation of their reaction with living tissues. It is mainly with this group of cardiac tonics that Dr. William Martin deals, in a paper read before the Newcastle meeting of the British Pharmaceutical Conference in 1909, which has been published InSome Experiences in the Testing of as a brochure. Methods with Special Reference to Bio-Chemical Drugs by and Dr. Martin gives the Strophanthus" Digitalis, Squill, results of his observations founded on experiments with cannabis indica, ergot, and epinephrine, before passing on to a consideration of the three drugs named in the title. Cannabis indica he dismisses in a few words and confirms the view held by another investigator that the chief cause of deterioration of this drug is oxidation of the active On the
principle.
subject
of
ergot he offers
a
few
are
malignancy
general THE FAILURE OF
remarks and shows two blood pressure tracings of suggestive interest. With regard to epinephrine-the vaso- constrictor
THE X RAYS IN THE TREATMENT OF HYPERTRICHOSIS.
WHEN it
was
discovered that exposure to the X rays
causes
principle of the suprarenal capsules-he explains the method hairs to fall out it was thought that a new remedy for hyperof testing which he uses in the pharmacological laboratory trichosis, which was painless and easily applied, and thereof Brady and Martin, Limited, Newcastle-on-Tyne, where, fore destined to displace the tedious method of electrolysis, indeed, all the experiments on which the paper is based were had been discovered. In the Journal of the A ’liu:?’ican Icicat performed. In testing digitalis, squill, and strophanthus he Association of Jan. 8th Dr. May C. Rice has pointed out that considers that the most suitable method for practical this is unfortunately not true. Many patients were treated guidance in connexion with a manufacturer’s laboratory, with apparent success, but almost invariably, after periods and one which gives as good results as any others advo- ranging from two to six months, the original growth has cated, is that which requires that a fatal termination been succeeded by a stronger growth and this by another and shall follow, within a certain time limit, the adminis- i still another. Nevertheless, determined operators persisted I tration to
small animal of a fixed dose of the pre- in the treatment and gave series after series of exposures in He selects frogs as the animals the hope that eventually a permanent cure would be produced, most suited for the purpose, and deals minutely with which was achieved in rare cases. In treating most
paration
a
to be tested.