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Chemicals and Fuels from Bio-Based Building Blocks
FOCUS ammonia production was developed by researchers from the Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). The researchers also focused on the potential of the catalyst to store renewable energy. Original Source: TCE (formerly The Chemical Engineer), Apr 2016, (898), 21 (Website: http://www.tcetoday.com) © Institution of Chemical Engineers 2016.
New catalysts make H2O2 for water purification in one-step process A new catalyst that could be used for producing hydrogen peroxide in a onestep process has been discovered by a research team from the Cardiff University in UK. A wet impregnation method is used to produce the catalyst, with 3% palladium and 2% tin supported on titanium dioxide. The team is in talks with industry for the further development of the catalyst. Original Source: TCE (formerly The Chemical Engineer), Apr 2016, (898), 20 (Website: http://www.tcetoday.com) © Institution of Chemical Engineers 2016.
Copper electrodes may save steel industry Researchers from Leiden University and the University of Twente have developed a new variety of hollow porous copper fibre electrodes that, when submerged in a water pool with CO2 and applied voltage, can transform CO2 to CO.at an 85% rate, versus 35% of conventional copper electrodes. The findings could substantially affect high-emission industries that face the economic consequences of CO2 emissions, particularly the steel sector. Other applications for the technology include chemical processes like hydrogen conversion in producing ammonia electrochemically, and oxygen conversion in fuel cells. To make the electrodes, a polymer solution is directed through a ringshaped opening in a water bath, with subsequent solidification into a thin hollow fibre. The addition of inorganic particles and burning out of the polymer after formation results in an inorganic copper oxide fibre with partial connection with hydrogen. The porous hollow fibre has a 100 mcm wall thickness and 1500 mcm diameter. The research paper titled 'Threedimensional porous hollow fibre copper electrodes for efficient and high-rate electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction,' was released in Nature Communications. The proponents are further advancing the study by examining the process conditions regarding efficiency, enhancing efficiency and possibility for upscaling. Original Source: Materials World, May 2016, 24 (5), (Website: http://www.iom3.org) © The Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining (IOM3) 2016.
July 2016
ON
C ATA LY S T S
PATENTS
BOOKSHELF
Mixed additives for low coking reforming
Chemicals and Fuels from Bio-Based Building Blocks
Optimizing low coke naphtha reforming continues to pose significant challenges for oil refining companies in the operation of continuous catalytic regenerative reforming units for economic production of hydrogen, LPG and reformate. A novel processing scheme is described in this patent wherein multiple additives are used to increase spent catalyst coke to ensure operating the regenerators in steady state white burn operations. In previous disclosures novel additives sulfur and kerosene were identified as separately imparting enhanced rates of coke formation on the catalysts even at very mild severity catalytic reforming operations. To further accelerate spent catalyst coke formation and derive benefits from synergistic use of sulfur and kerosene, both sulfur and kerosene can be used as additives in combination or in series with sulfur added first followed by kerosene and vice versa.
This is a two-volume overview of recent developments in the field of chemocatalytic and enzymatic processes for the transformation of renewable material into essential chemicals and fuels. Authors from academic institutions and industry review catalytic processes currently under development as well as those already in commercial use for the production of bio-fuels and bio-based commodity chemicals. Commodity chemicals and fuels, as well as bio-based monomers and polymers, such as acrylic acid, glycols, polyesters and polyolefins are addressed.
US 9,371,494, Marathon Petroleum Co. Findlay, OH USA, 21 JUN 2016.
This book is described as a handbook for the emerging field of catalytic oxidative coupling. It provides a comprehensive overview of transition metal-catalyzed coupling reactions in the presence of an oxidant. Following an introduction to the general concept and mechanism of this reaction class, the authors present chapters on C-C cross-coupling reactions using organometallic partners, CHeteroatom bond forming reactions via oxidative couplings, and C-H couplings via C-H activation. The text also covers recent achievements in the fields of C-C and C-X bond formation reactions as well as C-H activation involving oxidative couplings.
Mixed oxide compositions and process for preparing isoolefins The cleavage of alkyl tert-butyl ethers (ATBEs) including methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) to the corresponding isoolefins and alcohols and the cleavage of tertiary alcohols to the corresponding isoolefins and water can be performed in the presence of acidic or basic catalysts. This patent describes mixed oxide compositions that are useful as catalysts for cleavage of alkyl tert-alkyl ethers or tertiary alcohols in the liquid phase or gas/ liquid mixed phase, or in the pure gas phase. US 9,371,255, Evonik Degussa GmbH, Essen, DE, 21 JUN 2016.
Oxygen generating bottle This patent describes a system for delivering an oxygen rich liquid. The system uses a single reservoir-dispensing bottle that contains a peroxide-rich liquid. The bottle has an outlet within which is a peroxide decomposition catalyst immobilized on a substrate, so that the peroxide-rich liquid and immobilized catalyst come in contact with each other just as the liquid is leaving the outlet of the bottle. US 9,371,166, Avent, Inc., Alpharetta, GA USA, 21 JUN 2016
F. Cavani, S. Albonetti, F. Basile, and A. Gandini (eds), 1st edn, 2016, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, ISBN-13: 978-3-527-69822-6, 535 pp.
Oxidative Cross-Coupling Reactions
A. Lei, W. Shi, C. Lui, W. Lui, and H. Zhang, 1st edn, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, ISBN-13: 9783527336883, 240 pp.
Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering: Foundations of Biotechnology and Bioengineering This is the first of a series of nine books that compile the latest developments from across the entire arena of biotechnology and bioengineering. This volume focuses on the underlying principles of biochemistry, microbiology, fermentation technology, and chemical engineering as interdisciplinary themes, comprising the foundation of biotechnology and bioengineering. A. Pandey and J. A. C. Teixeira (eds), 1st edn, Elsevier, Amsterdam, ISBN-13: 9780444636683, 290 pp.
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New catalysts make H2O2 for water purification in one-step process A new catalyst that could be used for producing hydrogen peroxide in a onestep process has been discovered by a research team from the Cardiff University in UK. A wet impregnation method is used to produce the catalyst, with 3% palladium and 2% tin supported on titanium dioxide. The team is in talks with industry for the further development of the catalyst. Original Source: TCE (formerly The Chemical Engineer), Apr 2016, (898), 20 (Website: http://www.tcetoday.com) © Institution of Chemical Engineers 2016.
Copper electrodes may save steel industry Researchers from Leiden University and the University of Twente have developed a new variety of hollow porous copper fibre electrodes that, when submerged in a water pool with CO2 and applied voltage, can transform CO2 to CO.at an 85% rate, versus 35% of conventional copper electrodes. The findings could substantially affect high-emission industries that face the economic consequences of CO2 emissions, particularly the steel sector. Other applications for the technology include chemical processes like hydrogen conversion in producing ammonia electrochemically, and oxygen conversion in fuel cells. To make the electrodes, a polymer solution is directed through a ringshaped opening in a water bath, with subsequent solidification into a thin hollow fibre. The addition of inorganic particles and burning out of the polymer after formation results in an inorganic copper oxide fibre with partial connection with hydrogen. The porous hollow fibre has a 100 mcm wall thickness and 1500 mcm diameter. The research paper titled 'Threedimensional porous hollow fibre copper electrodes for efficient and high-rate electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction,' was released in Nature Communications. The proponents are further advancing the study by examining the process conditions regarding efficiency, enhancing efficiency and possibility for upscaling. Original Source: Materials World, May 2016, 24 (5), (Website: http://www.iom3.org) © The Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining (IOM3) 2016.
July 2016
ON
C ATA LY S T S
PATENTS
BOOKSHELF
Mixed additives for low coking reforming
Chemicals and Fuels from Bio-Based Building Blocks
Optimizing low coke naphtha reforming continues to pose significant challenges for oil refining companies in the operation of continuous catalytic regenerative reforming units for economic production of hydrogen, LPG and reformate. A novel processing scheme is described in this patent wherein multiple additives are used to increase spent catalyst coke to ensure operating the regenerators in steady state white burn operations. In previous disclosures novel additives sulfur and kerosene were identified as separately imparting enhanced rates of coke formation on the catalysts even at very mild severity catalytic reforming operations. To further accelerate spent catalyst coke formation and derive benefits from synergistic use of sulfur and kerosene, both sulfur and kerosene can be used as additives in combination or in series with sulfur added first followed by kerosene and vice versa.
This is a two-volume overview of recent developments in the field of chemocatalytic and enzymatic processes for the transformation of renewable material into essential chemicals and fuels. Authors from academic institutions and industry review catalytic processes currently under development as well as those already in commercial use for the production of bio-fuels and bio-based commodity chemicals. Commodity chemicals and fuels, as well as bio-based monomers and polymers, such as acrylic acid, glycols, polyesters and polyolefins are addressed.
US 9,371,494, Marathon Petroleum Co. Findlay, OH USA, 21 JUN 2016.
This book is described as a handbook for the emerging field of catalytic oxidative coupling. It provides a comprehensive overview of transition metal-catalyzed coupling reactions in the presence of an oxidant. Following an introduction to the general concept and mechanism of this reaction class, the authors present chapters on C-C cross-coupling reactions using organometallic partners, CHeteroatom bond forming reactions via oxidative couplings, and C-H couplings via C-H activation. The text also covers recent achievements in the fields of C-C and C-X bond formation reactions as well as C-H activation involving oxidative couplings.
Mixed oxide compositions and process for preparing isoolefins The cleavage of alkyl tert-butyl ethers (ATBEs) including methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) to the corresponding isoolefins and alcohols and the cleavage of tertiary alcohols to the corresponding isoolefins and water can be performed in the presence of acidic or basic catalysts. This patent describes mixed oxide compositions that are useful as catalysts for cleavage of alkyl tert-alkyl ethers or tertiary alcohols in the liquid phase or gas/ liquid mixed phase, or in the pure gas phase. US 9,371,255, Evonik Degussa GmbH, Essen, DE, 21 JUN 2016.
Oxygen generating bottle This patent describes a system for delivering an oxygen rich liquid. The system uses a single reservoir-dispensing bottle that contains a peroxide-rich liquid. The bottle has an outlet within which is a peroxide decomposition catalyst immobilized on a substrate, so that the peroxide-rich liquid and immobilized catalyst come in contact with each other just as the liquid is leaving the outlet of the bottle. US 9,371,166, Avent, Inc., Alpharetta, GA USA, 21 JUN 2016
F. Cavani, S. Albonetti, F. Basile, and A. Gandini (eds), 1st edn, 2016, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, ISBN-13: 978-3-527-69822-6, 535 pp.
Oxidative Cross-Coupling Reactions
A. Lei, W. Shi, C. Lui, W. Lui, and H. Zhang, 1st edn, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, ISBN-13: 9783527336883, 240 pp.
Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering: Foundations of Biotechnology and Bioengineering This is the first of a series of nine books that compile the latest developments from across the entire arena of biotechnology and bioengineering. This volume focuses on the underlying principles of biochemistry, microbiology, fermentation technology, and chemical engineering as interdisciplinary themes, comprising the foundation of biotechnology and bioengineering. A. Pandey and J. A. C. Teixeira (eds), 1st edn, Elsevier, Amsterdam, ISBN-13: 9780444636683, 290 pp.
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