- Email: [email protected]
Christopher Columbus and Reiter Syndrome
16. Taketani F, Matuura T, Yukawa E, Hara Y. Influence of intraocular lens tilt and decentration on wavefront aberrations. J Cataract Refract Surg 2004;30(4):2158–2162. 17. Akkin C, Cengiz H, Ko¨se S, Pamukc¸u K. Effects of intraocular lens malposition on binocular single vision in bilaterally pseudophakic patients. Strabismus 1994;2(1):23–28. 18. Haigh PM, Lloyd IC, Lavin MJ. Implantation of foldable intraocular lenses in the presence of anterior capsular tears. Eye 1995;9(4):442–445. 19. Olsen T. Improved accuracy of intraocular lens power calculation with the Zeiss IOLMaster. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2007; 85(1):84–87.
20. Behndig A, Montan P, Stenevi U, Kugelberg M, Zetterstro¨m C, Lundstro¨m M. Aiming for emmetropia after cataract surgery: Swedish National Cataract Register study. J Cataract Refract Surg 2012;38(7):1181–1186. 21. Gale RP, Saldana M, Johnston RL, Zuberbuhler B, McKibbin M. Benchmark standards for refractive outcomes after NHS cataract surgery. Eye 2009;23(1): 149–152. 22. Lundstro¨m M, Barry P, Henry Y, Rosen P, Stenevi U. Visual outcome of cataract surgery; study from the European Registry of Quality Outcomes for Cataract and Refractive Surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg 2013;39(5):673–679.
Christopher Columbus and Reiter Syndrome
C
hristopher Columbus left us a host of uncertainties. No one is certain of exactly where his first landfall was in the New World, and no one can even guarantee the location of all his remains. Then there is his medical status. He obviously had severe arthritis after his first voyage and was severely disabled by the time of his last one. Episodes of exacerbation were associated with severe photophobia and external signs of inflammatory eye disease (described once as the eyes ‘‘running with blood’’, whatever that may mean). Urethritis was not mentioned in his journals, but was a condition so common in ships bringing back to the Old World the souvenir of syphilis that it was probably not worth
mentioning. If Columbus did indeed have Reiter Syndrome, it may have been a reactive arthritis occurring after gastrointestinal infection, another common hazard in those days, when wine and beer were safer than drinking water. REFERENCES: 1. Allison DJ. Christopher Columbus: first case of Reiter’s disease in the Old World? Lancet 1980 (Dec); 316(8207):1309. 2. Arnett, F. http://medicineworld.org/cancer/lead/10-2005/ arthritis-expert-re-examines-death-of-christopher-columbus. html. Accessed 1/8/2015.
Submitted by Ron Fishman and Linda Lawrence from the Cogan Ophthalmic History Society.
VOL. 159, NO. 3
ANTERIOR CAPSULE TEAR: CONSEQUENCES AND OUTCOMES
469
20. Behndig A, Montan P, Stenevi U, Kugelberg M, Zetterstro¨m C, Lundstro¨m M. Aiming for emmetropia after cataract surgery: Swedish National Cataract Register study. J Cataract Refract Surg 2012;38(7):1181–1186. 21. Gale RP, Saldana M, Johnston RL, Zuberbuhler B, McKibbin M. Benchmark standards for refractive outcomes after NHS cataract surgery. Eye 2009;23(1): 149–152. 22. Lundstro¨m M, Barry P, Henry Y, Rosen P, Stenevi U. Visual outcome of cataract surgery; study from the European Registry of Quality Outcomes for Cataract and Refractive Surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg 2013;39(5):673–679.
Christopher Columbus and Reiter Syndrome
C
hristopher Columbus left us a host of uncertainties. No one is certain of exactly where his first landfall was in the New World, and no one can even guarantee the location of all his remains. Then there is his medical status. He obviously had severe arthritis after his first voyage and was severely disabled by the time of his last one. Episodes of exacerbation were associated with severe photophobia and external signs of inflammatory eye disease (described once as the eyes ‘‘running with blood’’, whatever that may mean). Urethritis was not mentioned in his journals, but was a condition so common in ships bringing back to the Old World the souvenir of syphilis that it was probably not worth
mentioning. If Columbus did indeed have Reiter Syndrome, it may have been a reactive arthritis occurring after gastrointestinal infection, another common hazard in those days, when wine and beer were safer than drinking water. REFERENCES: 1. Allison DJ. Christopher Columbus: first case of Reiter’s disease in the Old World? Lancet 1980 (Dec); 316(8207):1309. 2. Arnett, F. http://medicineworld.org/cancer/lead/10-2005/ arthritis-expert-re-examines-death-of-christopher-columbus. html. Accessed 1/8/2015.
Submitted by Ron Fishman and Linda Lawrence from the Cogan Ophthalmic History Society.
VOL. 159, NO. 3
ANTERIOR CAPSULE TEAR: CONSEQUENCES AND OUTCOMES
469