Coffee and caffeine attenuate symptoms of metabolic syndrome in diet-induced obese rats

Oral Abstracts mone and hypothalamic and adipose tissue mRNA expression analysis was performed. Results: DIO mice exhibited increased subcutaneous, infra-renal and gonadal fat mass and a 30% increase in both food and energy intake compared to DR and chow-fed B6 mice. Energy expenditure was unchanged. Plasma leptin, insulin, adiponectin, GIP and GLP-1 were elevated compared to both DR and chow-fed B6 mice. Hypothalamic POMC mRNA expression was significantly elevated compared to DR mice (40%) and chow-fed mice (76%) with no differences in NPY, AgRP or SOCS3 expression. Infra-renal leptin mRNA expression was trending higher in the DIO mice compared to the chow-fed B6 mice (p = 0.06) but was markedly suppressed compared to the DR mice (61%, p < 0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that susceptibility and resistance to weight gain 6 weeks following energy excess in genetically similar mice may be driven by alternate mechanisms. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2012.08.038 O037 Coffee and caffeine attenuate symptoms of metabolic syndrome in diet-induced obese rats S. Panchal ∗ , L. Brown University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia Aim: Coffee, a rich source of caffeine, chlorogenic acid and diterpenoid alcohols, has been part of the human diet since the 15th century. Pharmacological actions of caffeine include antagonism of adenosine receptors and inhibition of phosphodiesterase activity. A1 adenosine receptors present on adipocytes are involved in control of fatty acid uptake and lipolysis. Method: This study characterised the effects of Colombian coffee extract and caffeine in a rat model of diet-induced metabolic syndrome. 8—9Week-old male Wistar rats were divided into two sets of four groups. For each intervention, two groups of rats were fed a corn starch-rich diet whereas the other two groups were given a highcarbohydrate, high-fat diet with 25% fructose in drinking water for 16 weeks. One group fed each diet was supplemented with 5% aqueous coffee extract or 0.5 g caffeine/kg food for the final 8 week of this protocol. Results: The high-carbohydrate, high-fat dietfed rats showed the symptoms of metabolic syndrome leading to cardiovascular remodelling and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Both coffee

19 extract and caffeine supplementations in highcarbohydrate, high-fat diet-fed rats attenuated impairment in glucose tolerance, hypertension, cardiovascular remodelling and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Coffee extract increased body weight without changing dyslipidaemia whereas caffeine reduced body weight and body fat with increases in plasma lipid concentrations. Conclusion: Coffee extract did not change abdominal fat deposition, so the complex mixture in coffee negates the lipolytic effects of caffeine in adipocytes, likely due to caffeine antagonism of A1 adenosine receptors. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2012.08.039 O038 Obesity alone or with type 2 diabetes is associated with tissue specific alterations in DNA methylation and gene expression of PGC-1␣ and IGF2 gene in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle M. Chen 1,2,∗ , A. Macpherson 2 , J. Wittert 1 , L. Heilbronn 1,2

Owens 2 , G.

1 Discipline

of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia 2 Robinson Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia Aim: The study aimed to characterize DNA methylation and gene expression profiles of PGC1␣ and IGF2 in muscle, visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, and to determine if any alterations were associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Adipose tissue samples and skeletal muscle biopsies were collected from 24 lean, obese and type 2 diabetes subjects (n = 8/group). DNA methylation and gene expression of PGC-1␣ and IGF2 were measured using pyrosequencing and quantitative real-time PCR, respectively. Results: We observed tissue specific PGC-1␣ methylation, with the highest levels of methylation in subcutaneous adipose tissue and lowest in muscle (P < 0.05). In contrast, IGF2 methylation was lower in subcutaneous adipose tissue than in visceral adipose tissue and muscle (P < 0.05). The gene expression of both genes was highest in muscle and lowest in subcutaneous adipose tissue (P < 0.01). PGC-1␣ methylation was negatively correlated with its expression in muscle (r = −0.54, P = 0.008). As compared to lean individuals, obese patients with T2DM had higher PGC-1␣ methylation in subcutaneous adipose tissue (P = 0.01) and lower IGF2 methylation in muscle (P = 0.007), whereas both obese only and obese patients with T2DM had