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Cold Water Immersion after exercise: Perception of recovery in different temperatures and times of exposure
Abstracts / Physical Therapy in Sport 15 (2014) e1–e4
between the three target width conditions (p¼0,001; F¼38,897; eta2¼0,94) and between the two target distance conditions (p¼0,001; F¼34.224; eta2¼0,851). These results showed that the demand manipulation method was effective. Beside this, the average movement time necessary to accomplish the task increases with the precision demand improvements (smaller targets) and with the distance between targets. COLD WATER IMMERSION IN RECOVERY OF HEART RATE VARIABILITY INDICES POST-EXERCISE Aline Castilho de Almeida 1, Aryane Flauzino Machado 1, Lara Madeiral Netto 2, Luiz Carlos Marques Vanderlei 3, Jayme Netto, Jr. 3, Carlos Marcelo Pastre 3. 1 Physical Therapy Postgraduate of FCT/UNESP, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil; 2 Physical Therapy Graduate of FCT/UNESP, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil; 3 Physical Therapy Department of FCT/UNESP, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil Introduction: Cold-water immersion is one of the most used methods in recovery post-exercise. However, there are unknown outcomes considering the ratio dose-response (time and temperature) and their effects on heart rate variability (HRV) indices, influenced by thermoregulatory system and analyzed by Chaos Domain. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the effects of different recovery strategies using the cold-water immersion on HRV after intense exercise. Method: 84 men randomized into five groups (CG: control; G1: 5’ at 9 1 C; G2: 5’ at 14 1 C; G3: 15’ at 9 1 C; G4: 15’ at 14 1 C) performed a 10x10 jumps protocol followed by Wingate test. The groups, except CG, performed cold-water immersion after exercise. Analysis was conducted at the following time points, baseline (T0), 7 (T7), 17 (T17), 20 (T20), 40 (T40) and 60 (T60) minutes post-exercise, with the following indices: very low frequency (VLF) and detrended fluctuations analysis (DFA: a1 and a2). The nonparametric test for repeated measures complemented by Dunn test was used for comparison between times and the Kruskal Wallis test complemented by Dunn to compare groups. Considered significant if p<0,05. Results: For the indice VLF, the groups CG, G1 and G2 recovered at T20 (p<0,001) and G3 and G4 at T7 (p<0,001). For the indice a1, recovery occurs at T60 for CG (p<0,001), at T20 for G1 (p<0,01) and T40 for G2, G3 and G4 (p<0,001). For a2 recovery occurs at T20 for CG (p<0,01), at T7 for G1 and G2 (p<0,001), and for G3 and G4 at T17 (p<0,01). Conclusion: Cold-water immersion promotes better recovery post-exercise in HRV indices. For VLF longer exposure time, independent of temperature, shows better recovery. For a1 it occurs at lower exposure time and temperature, and for a2 at lower exposure time independent of the temperature. COLD WATER IMMERSION AFTER EXERCISE: PERCEPTION OF RECOVERY IN DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES AND TIMES OF EXPOSURE Felipe Rodrigues Mendes dos Santos 1, Aline Castilho de Almeida 1, Maíra Campos de Albuquerque 1, Aryane Flauzino Machado 1, Jayme Netto, Jr. 2, Carlos Marcelo Pastre 2. 1 Post-Graduation Program in Physical Therapy, FCT/UNESP – Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil; 2 Department of Physical Therapy, FCT/UNESP – Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil Introduction: Cold Water Immersion (CWI) is frequently used in sports to achieve greater levels of post-exercise recovery. However, there is no agreement about the dosage of time and temperature for its application. The objectives of this study were to analyse and compare the effect of CWI after exercise using different temperatures and time of application in perception of recovery. Methods: 60 physical active males between 18 and 30 years were randomly divided into 3 groups (GC: control; G1:5 minutes at 91 C; G2:15 minutes at 141 C). After an exhaustion protocol (10 series of 10 jumps and Wingate Test), they were immersed into water and ice up to the anterior superior iliac spine. The perception of recovery in the lower limbs was analyzed by a Likert Scale immediately after the exhaustion protocol, then 75 minutes, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after the immersion. The distribution of data was tested using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. When the
e3
distribution was normal, the student t test was used, where it was not normally distributed the Mann-Whitney test was applied. For comparing groups, times, temperatures and follow up time, Non-parametric Analysis Technique was applied with the multiple comparison of Dunn, considering 5% of significance. Results: The findings showed significant difference in the perception of recovery between the Control Group (GC), where no intervention was done, and the G2, where the intervention was 15 minutes at 141 C, at 72h and 96h. The values stated were: GC [72h ¼ 5 (1;10), 96h ¼ 8 (2;10)] and G2 [72h ¼ 8 (2;10), 96h ¼ 10 (3;10). Conclusion: It was observed that CWI promotes better perception of recovery when applied for a longer time (15 minutes) and higher temperature (141 C). EFFECTS OF KINESIO TAPING ON GLUTEUS MEDIUS MUSCLE STRENGTH AND ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY Gabriela M. Andrade, Caio Ismania, Fábio N. Cyrillo, Thiago Y. Fukuda. Centro Universitário São Camilo, São Paulo, Brazil Introduction: The gluteus medius (GM) muscle works as a stabilizer of the human pelvis; meanwhile the posterior fibers also perform hip abduction and lateral rotation. Dynamic knee valgus occurs due to excessive hip adduction and medial rotation during efforts, related to the abductors and lateral rotators weakness; developing biomechanical dysfunction as patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). Recent theories have been raised about the application of Kinesio Taping (KT) to improve muscle performance and electrical activity. Objective: To investigate the effects of KT application on GM strength and electrical activity in volunteers with positive dynamic knee valgus. Methods: The trials were performed randomly, comprising 10 female volunteers assembled in ‘first-come’ basis. Volunteers were divided into 2 groups, the control group (CG) and the group that used KT (KTG). Both groups performed 3 weekly strengthening sessions for 4 weeks. The GM activity of all volunteers was evaluated with surface electromyography (EMG) during the maximum volitional isometric contraction (MVIC) and step down test. A hand-held dynamometer was also used to evaluate GM strength. Results: Nine volunteers completed the program (CG, n¼4 and KTG, n¼5). Results revealed that both groups improved strength in the final evaluation when compared to baseline (CG, P¼0.03 and KTG, P¼0.003). EMG analysis during MVIC showed no within- and between-group difference (All, p>0.05). EMG analysis during the step down test showed a decrease in GM electrical activity in the intra-group comparison for KTG (p¼0.05). There was no EMG difference for CG. (p¼0.46). Conclusions: The methodological conditions used in this study allowed us to suggest for the sample studied, that an increase in muscle strength was most evident in the KTG. Finally, the surface electromyography demonstrated a decreased activation of the gluteus medius muscle during dynamic testing. However, these results should be carefully interpreted due to the small sample size. SYMMETRICAL SCAPULAR MUSCLE STRENGTH IN FEMALE HANDBALL PLAYERS Andreanny Rocha, Mateus Sasso Saraiva, Wagner Costa Fernandes, Marcel Soares Santos, Michele Forgiarini Saccol. Grupo de Neuromecânica Aplicada (GNAP), Curso de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do PampaUNIPAMPA, Brazil Introduction: Scapular muscle imbalance can overload the glenohumeral joint, especially in overhead sports such as handball. Several studies with isokinetic dynamometry evaluation on the upper limbs have been done, however few have evaluated isometric scapular muscle strength. Establishing a profile of scapular strength in athletes can help in planning conservative intervention strategies. Objective: To evaluate the scapular muscle strength in adult female handball athletes. Methods: Thirty-six adult female handball players were evaluated (22,47 4,3 years, 68 7,3 kg, 170,69 6,4 cm and competitive training 9,97 4 years). All participants were tested for serratus anterior (SA), upper (UT),
between the three target width conditions (p¼0,001; F¼38,897; eta2¼0,94) and between the two target distance conditions (p¼0,001; F¼34.224; eta2¼0,851). These results showed that the demand manipulation method was effective. Beside this, the average movement time necessary to accomplish the task increases with the precision demand improvements (smaller targets) and with the distance between targets. COLD WATER IMMERSION IN RECOVERY OF HEART RATE VARIABILITY INDICES POST-EXERCISE Aline Castilho de Almeida 1, Aryane Flauzino Machado 1, Lara Madeiral Netto 2, Luiz Carlos Marques Vanderlei 3, Jayme Netto, Jr. 3, Carlos Marcelo Pastre 3. 1 Physical Therapy Postgraduate of FCT/UNESP, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil; 2 Physical Therapy Graduate of FCT/UNESP, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil; 3 Physical Therapy Department of FCT/UNESP, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil Introduction: Cold-water immersion is one of the most used methods in recovery post-exercise. However, there are unknown outcomes considering the ratio dose-response (time and temperature) and their effects on heart rate variability (HRV) indices, influenced by thermoregulatory system and analyzed by Chaos Domain. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the effects of different recovery strategies using the cold-water immersion on HRV after intense exercise. Method: 84 men randomized into five groups (CG: control; G1: 5’ at 9 1 C; G2: 5’ at 14 1 C; G3: 15’ at 9 1 C; G4: 15’ at 14 1 C) performed a 10x10 jumps protocol followed by Wingate test. The groups, except CG, performed cold-water immersion after exercise. Analysis was conducted at the following time points, baseline (T0), 7 (T7), 17 (T17), 20 (T20), 40 (T40) and 60 (T60) minutes post-exercise, with the following indices: very low frequency (VLF) and detrended fluctuations analysis (DFA: a1 and a2). The nonparametric test for repeated measures complemented by Dunn test was used for comparison between times and the Kruskal Wallis test complemented by Dunn to compare groups. Considered significant if p<0,05. Results: For the indice VLF, the groups CG, G1 and G2 recovered at T20 (p<0,001) and G3 and G4 at T7 (p<0,001). For the indice a1, recovery occurs at T60 for CG (p<0,001), at T20 for G1 (p<0,01) and T40 for G2, G3 and G4 (p<0,001). For a2 recovery occurs at T20 for CG (p<0,01), at T7 for G1 and G2 (p<0,001), and for G3 and G4 at T17 (p<0,01). Conclusion: Cold-water immersion promotes better recovery post-exercise in HRV indices. For VLF longer exposure time, independent of temperature, shows better recovery. For a1 it occurs at lower exposure time and temperature, and for a2 at lower exposure time independent of the temperature. COLD WATER IMMERSION AFTER EXERCISE: PERCEPTION OF RECOVERY IN DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES AND TIMES OF EXPOSURE Felipe Rodrigues Mendes dos Santos 1, Aline Castilho de Almeida 1, Maíra Campos de Albuquerque 1, Aryane Flauzino Machado 1, Jayme Netto, Jr. 2, Carlos Marcelo Pastre 2. 1 Post-Graduation Program in Physical Therapy, FCT/UNESP – Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil; 2 Department of Physical Therapy, FCT/UNESP – Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil Introduction: Cold Water Immersion (CWI) is frequently used in sports to achieve greater levels of post-exercise recovery. However, there is no agreement about the dosage of time and temperature for its application. The objectives of this study were to analyse and compare the effect of CWI after exercise using different temperatures and time of application in perception of recovery. Methods: 60 physical active males between 18 and 30 years were randomly divided into 3 groups (GC: control; G1:5 minutes at 91 C; G2:15 minutes at 141 C). After an exhaustion protocol (10 series of 10 jumps and Wingate Test), they were immersed into water and ice up to the anterior superior iliac spine. The perception of recovery in the lower limbs was analyzed by a Likert Scale immediately after the exhaustion protocol, then 75 minutes, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after the immersion. The distribution of data was tested using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. When the
e3
distribution was normal, the student t test was used, where it was not normally distributed the Mann-Whitney test was applied. For comparing groups, times, temperatures and follow up time, Non-parametric Analysis Technique was applied with the multiple comparison of Dunn, considering 5% of significance. Results: The findings showed significant difference in the perception of recovery between the Control Group (GC), where no intervention was done, and the G2, where the intervention was 15 minutes at 141 C, at 72h and 96h. The values stated were: GC [72h ¼ 5 (1;10), 96h ¼ 8 (2;10)] and G2 [72h ¼ 8 (2;10), 96h ¼ 10 (3;10). Conclusion: It was observed that CWI promotes better perception of recovery when applied for a longer time (15 minutes) and higher temperature (141 C). EFFECTS OF KINESIO TAPING ON GLUTEUS MEDIUS MUSCLE STRENGTH AND ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY Gabriela M. Andrade, Caio Ismania, Fábio N. Cyrillo, Thiago Y. Fukuda. Centro Universitário São Camilo, São Paulo, Brazil Introduction: The gluteus medius (GM) muscle works as a stabilizer of the human pelvis; meanwhile the posterior fibers also perform hip abduction and lateral rotation. Dynamic knee valgus occurs due to excessive hip adduction and medial rotation during efforts, related to the abductors and lateral rotators weakness; developing biomechanical dysfunction as patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). Recent theories have been raised about the application of Kinesio Taping (KT) to improve muscle performance and electrical activity. Objective: To investigate the effects of KT application on GM strength and electrical activity in volunteers with positive dynamic knee valgus. Methods: The trials were performed randomly, comprising 10 female volunteers assembled in ‘first-come’ basis. Volunteers were divided into 2 groups, the control group (CG) and the group that used KT (KTG). Both groups performed 3 weekly strengthening sessions for 4 weeks. The GM activity of all volunteers was evaluated with surface electromyography (EMG) during the maximum volitional isometric contraction (MVIC) and step down test. A hand-held dynamometer was also used to evaluate GM strength. Results: Nine volunteers completed the program (CG, n¼4 and KTG, n¼5). Results revealed that both groups improved strength in the final evaluation when compared to baseline (CG, P¼0.03 and KTG, P¼0.003). EMG analysis during MVIC showed no within- and between-group difference (All, p>0.05). EMG analysis during the step down test showed a decrease in GM electrical activity in the intra-group comparison for KTG (p¼0.05). There was no EMG difference for CG. (p¼0.46). Conclusions: The methodological conditions used in this study allowed us to suggest for the sample studied, that an increase in muscle strength was most evident in the KTG. Finally, the surface electromyography demonstrated a decreased activation of the gluteus medius muscle during dynamic testing. However, these results should be carefully interpreted due to the small sample size. SYMMETRICAL SCAPULAR MUSCLE STRENGTH IN FEMALE HANDBALL PLAYERS Andreanny Rocha, Mateus Sasso Saraiva, Wagner Costa Fernandes, Marcel Soares Santos, Michele Forgiarini Saccol. Grupo de Neuromecânica Aplicada (GNAP), Curso de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do PampaUNIPAMPA, Brazil Introduction: Scapular muscle imbalance can overload the glenohumeral joint, especially in overhead sports such as handball. Several studies with isokinetic dynamometry evaluation on the upper limbs have been done, however few have evaluated isometric scapular muscle strength. Establishing a profile of scapular strength in athletes can help in planning conservative intervention strategies. Objective: To evaluate the scapular muscle strength in adult female handball athletes. Methods: Thirty-six adult female handball players were evaluated (22,47 4,3 years, 68 7,3 kg, 170,69 6,4 cm and competitive training 9,97 4 years). All participants were tested for serratus anterior (SA), upper (UT),