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College students, nutrient supplements, and exercise
11 Fullan, M. , and A. Pomfret. Research on curriculum and instruction implementation. Review of Educational Research 47(4):33592,1977. 12 Fuller, B., K. Wood, T. Rappaport, and S.M. Dornbusch. The organizational context of individual efficacy. Review of Educational Research 52(1):7-30, 1982. 13 Loucks, S.F., and A. Lieberman. Curriculum implementation. In Fundamental curriculum decisions, F . W. English, ed., Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, 1983, pp. 126-4l. 14 Melle, M., and H. Pratt. Documenting program adaptation in a district-wide implementation effort: The three-year evolution from evaluation to instructional improvement plan. Austin: Research and Development Center for Teacher Education, The University of Texas, 1981, pp. 1-27. 15 Miles, M. Unraveling the mystery of institutionalization. Educational Leadership 41(3):14-19, 1983.
RESUME Nous avons examine les changes dans la conduite de choisir nourriture et la connaissance de nutrition et les attitudes des etudiants des ecoles inferieures et superieures dans une etude nationalle de trois ans d' education de nourriture intersperse dans la science domestique, sante, science pure et science sociale. Les trouves basses utile pour comprendre !'impact d'une education de nutrition sur les choix de nourriture par les adolescents etaient que 1) la connaissance de nutrition des participants dans I'etude a improuve, 2) leurs attitudes vers nutrition-positives avant !'instruction-sont devenues plus positives et 3) leurs intentions pour prendre nourriture dans leurs diete ont eM augmente significativement. Nos resultats suggerent que l'experience et Ie commitement de la maitresse a l'education de nutrition sont des facteurs importants pour influencer les adolecents a changer leurs patrons de consomp-
tions de nourriture dans une direction positive. Les variables dans les ecoles associees avec les changes positives etaient Ie support dans Ie systeme de l'ecole et les forces externes encouragent !'instruction de nutrition. Important aussi a ceux qui font police sont les trouves que l' education de nutrition pour les adolescents peut etre effectif sous grandes variations de conditions. aNE 20:336-340 1988) Translated by Suzanne C. Bazinet RESUMEN Examinamos cam bios en conducta de sel~c cion de alimentos y en conocimiento y actitudes nutricionales de estudiants de nivel secundario en un estudio nacional sobre educacion en nutricion integrado en Economia Domestica, salud, ciencias, y estudios sociales. Dicho estudio se condujo sobre un periodo de tres anos . Hallazgos Claves utiles para comprender el impacto de la educacion nutritional en la seleccion de alimentos por el adolescente fueron que: 1) El Conocimiento nutricional de los participartes en el extudio mejoro, 2) sus actitudes hacia la nutricion-positiva antes de las ensenanza-se volvio aun mas positiva, y 3) las intenciones de incluir alimentos en sus dietas aumentaron significativamente. Nuestos resultados sugieren que la experiencia del maestro y dedicacion a la ensenanza de nutricion son factores importantes de alimentosque influyen en los adolescentes para cambiar sus Patrones de consumo de alimentos en direcciones positivas. Los variables en el ambiente escolar que mas se relacionan con cambios positivos incluyen apoyo de dentro del sistema escolar y de fuentes externas que alientan la ensenanza de la nutricion. Tambien de importancia para los que fijan politicas es el hallazgo de que la educacion nutricional para adolescentes puede ser effectiva bajo un amplio rango de condiciones. aNE 20:336-340, 1988) Translated by Dr. Horacia Saberon-Ferror
COLLEGE STUDENTS, NUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTS, AND EXERCISE
Does nutrient supplement use among college students vary according to levels of physical activity? What reasons do college students who take supplements give for doing so? Schulz surveyed students to find answers to these and other questions (Nutrition Research 8:45966, 1988). She distributed a questionnaire on exercise and nutrient supplementation practices to members of the university men's and women's basketball and cross-country running teams, and to students in an undergraduate anatomy/physiology class. Based on reported frequency of vigorous exercise, Schulz classified the students (a total of 216 females and 117 males) into three categories of physical activity: athletes (61 females , 66 males), exercisers (66 females , 24 males), and sedentary (89 females, 27 males). Current use of vitamin, mineral, or other nutrient supplements was reported by 109 females and 35 males (43% of the students questioned); all but one of these students claimed to take the supplements on a regular basis. Of the supplement takers, 12% consumed either megadoses (supplements containing greater than 1000% of the U. S. RDA for any nutrient) or unorthodox supplements (those containing compounds not scientifically regarded as nutrients). The students tended to cite "nutritional insurance" and "to avoid illness" as their primary reasons for using supplements. There was no effect of exercise level on types of supplements taken or reasons for taking supplements. However, the groups did vary with regard to belief in the efficacy of the supplement taken. Sixty-three percent of athletes and 76% of exercisers believed the products they consumed were working, as opposed to only 38% of the sedentary individuals . In addition, athletes without a coach were more likely to take supplements than were those with a coach. Schulz commented that study results not only highlight possible misconceptions and hazardous practices of athletes, but also emphasize the potential role of coaches in influencing nutrition-related behaviors. (This article contains 19 references.)
340
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION
VOLUME 20 NUMBER 6 1988
RESUME Nous avons examine les changes dans la conduite de choisir nourriture et la connaissance de nutrition et les attitudes des etudiants des ecoles inferieures et superieures dans une etude nationalle de trois ans d' education de nourriture intersperse dans la science domestique, sante, science pure et science sociale. Les trouves basses utile pour comprendre !'impact d'une education de nutrition sur les choix de nourriture par les adolescents etaient que 1) la connaissance de nutrition des participants dans I'etude a improuve, 2) leurs attitudes vers nutrition-positives avant !'instruction-sont devenues plus positives et 3) leurs intentions pour prendre nourriture dans leurs diete ont eM augmente significativement. Nos resultats suggerent que l'experience et Ie commitement de la maitresse a l'education de nutrition sont des facteurs importants pour influencer les adolecents a changer leurs patrons de consomp-
tions de nourriture dans une direction positive. Les variables dans les ecoles associees avec les changes positives etaient Ie support dans Ie systeme de l'ecole et les forces externes encouragent !'instruction de nutrition. Important aussi a ceux qui font police sont les trouves que l' education de nutrition pour les adolescents peut etre effectif sous grandes variations de conditions. aNE 20:336-340 1988) Translated by Suzanne C. Bazinet RESUMEN Examinamos cam bios en conducta de sel~c cion de alimentos y en conocimiento y actitudes nutricionales de estudiants de nivel secundario en un estudio nacional sobre educacion en nutricion integrado en Economia Domestica, salud, ciencias, y estudios sociales. Dicho estudio se condujo sobre un periodo de tres anos . Hallazgos Claves utiles para comprender el impacto de la educacion nutritional en la seleccion de alimentos por el adolescente fueron que: 1) El Conocimiento nutricional de los participartes en el extudio mejoro, 2) sus actitudes hacia la nutricion-positiva antes de las ensenanza-se volvio aun mas positiva, y 3) las intenciones de incluir alimentos en sus dietas aumentaron significativamente. Nuestos resultados sugieren que la experiencia del maestro y dedicacion a la ensenanza de nutricion son factores importantes de alimentosque influyen en los adolescentes para cambiar sus Patrones de consumo de alimentos en direcciones positivas. Los variables en el ambiente escolar que mas se relacionan con cambios positivos incluyen apoyo de dentro del sistema escolar y de fuentes externas que alientan la ensenanza de la nutricion. Tambien de importancia para los que fijan politicas es el hallazgo de que la educacion nutricional para adolescentes puede ser effectiva bajo un amplio rango de condiciones. aNE 20:336-340, 1988) Translated by Dr. Horacia Saberon-Ferror
COLLEGE STUDENTS, NUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTS, AND EXERCISE
Does nutrient supplement use among college students vary according to levels of physical activity? What reasons do college students who take supplements give for doing so? Schulz surveyed students to find answers to these and other questions (Nutrition Research 8:45966, 1988). She distributed a questionnaire on exercise and nutrient supplementation practices to members of the university men's and women's basketball and cross-country running teams, and to students in an undergraduate anatomy/physiology class. Based on reported frequency of vigorous exercise, Schulz classified the students (a total of 216 females and 117 males) into three categories of physical activity: athletes (61 females , 66 males), exercisers (66 females , 24 males), and sedentary (89 females, 27 males). Current use of vitamin, mineral, or other nutrient supplements was reported by 109 females and 35 males (43% of the students questioned); all but one of these students claimed to take the supplements on a regular basis. Of the supplement takers, 12% consumed either megadoses (supplements containing greater than 1000% of the U. S. RDA for any nutrient) or unorthodox supplements (those containing compounds not scientifically regarded as nutrients). The students tended to cite "nutritional insurance" and "to avoid illness" as their primary reasons for using supplements. There was no effect of exercise level on types of supplements taken or reasons for taking supplements. However, the groups did vary with regard to belief in the efficacy of the supplement taken. Sixty-three percent of athletes and 76% of exercisers believed the products they consumed were working, as opposed to only 38% of the sedentary individuals . In addition, athletes without a coach were more likely to take supplements than were those with a coach. Schulz commented that study results not only highlight possible misconceptions and hazardous practices of athletes, but also emphasize the potential role of coaches in influencing nutrition-related behaviors. (This article contains 19 references.)
340
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION
VOLUME 20 NUMBER 6 1988