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Assessing Dietary Intake Eating and Exercise Attitudes and Fitness Levels in College-Aged Students
TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 27
POSTER SESSION: WELLNESS AND PUBLIC HEALTH Dietary Protein Is Associated with Lean Body Mass in Older Adults 50ⴙ Years of Age: The National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2004 Author(s): M. Zanovec,1 C. E. O’Neil,1 V. L. Fulgoni,2 T. A. Nicklas3; 1 School of Human Ecology, LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, 2Nutrition Impact, LLC, Battle Creek, MI, 3USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX Learning Outcome: To examine the association of lean body mass and protein intake in older adults The NHANES, 1999-2004, 24-hr dietary recall data and multiply imputed dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) data were used to examine protein intake per ideal body weight (IBW) (g/kg) and lean body mass adjusted for height (LMI, kg/m2) among adults 50⫹ years of age (n ⫽ 5,945; 46% male; 87% white; 9% black; 4% Mexican American). Subjects were divided into three groups: ⬍0.8, 0.8 to ⬍1.0, and ⬎1.0 g protein/kg IBW. Sample-weighted unadjusted means ⫾ SE using SAS and SUDAAN were: protein 73.54 ⫾ 0.70 g; protein/IBW 1.08 ⫾ 0.01 g/kg; fat mass 30.06 ⫾ 0.23 kg; and LMI 17.25 ⫾ 0.06 kg/m2. Regression analysis was used to examine the association between LMI and protein/IBW, with gender, raceethnicity, physical activity, and fat mass (kg) as covariates. Significant (p⬍0.0001) differences in LMI were observed by gender and race-ethnicity (M⬎F; blacks⬎Mexican Americans⬎whites), between low/medium vs. high physical activity (p⬍0.01 for both), and low/medium vs. high protein (p⬍0.0001 for both). Covariate-adjusted LMI by protein groups were: 17.07 ⫾ 0.05, 17.07 ⫾ 0.06, and 17.41 ⫾ 0.06 kg/m2, respectively (Ptrend⬍0.0001). Results suggest that consumption of protein above the RDA is associated with higher lean body mass in older adults, independent of gender, race, physical activity, and fat mass. Increasing dietary protein in older adults may be an effective modality for attenuating age-related changes in body composition, such as decreased lean mass and increased fat mass which increase risk for conditions such as sarcopenia and osteoporosis.
Inadequacies of Macronutrient Intake of Intercollegiate Female Athletes Author(s): R. K. Wenzel,1 M. W. Valliant,1 B. H. Garner,1 J. C. Garner2; Nutrition and Hospitality Management, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 2Health, Exercise Science, Recreation Management, University of Mississippi, University, MS 1
Learning Outcome: Upon completion, participants will have an understanding of the role of nutrition in anthropometric measures in athletes. Although an abundance of programs and information exists to encourage collegiate athletes to consume proper energy and macronutrient levels, an absence of evidence exists to show they are effective in following this advice. The purpose of this project was to determine if the energy and macronutrient intake of intercollegiate female athletes meets their calculated daily energy and macronutrient requirements. To assess intake, a three day food record and interview was conducted and analyzed using Nutrient Data System for Research software. Subjects were recruited from a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) volleyball team. Subjects included eleven participant’s (average 19.8 yrs) body composition was analyzed using a Bod Pod (Life Measurement). Based on body composition variables, resting metabolic rate using the Nelson equation and total energy expenditure were calculated using a very active lifestyle variable. Carbohydrate and protein needs were calculated using standard recommendations. Paired sample T-Tests were used to compare the athletes’ calculated needs (total energy, carbohydrate, and protein) with their actual intake. Results revealed that these athletes do not meet their daily required energy intake; t (10) ⫽ 6.02, 7.821, 3.994 respectively with a comparisonwise error rate of .05. The results of this study support the need for Registered Dietitian with knowledge of sports nutrition needs to be integrated into the collegiate athletic setting to help improve the nutritional outcomes in the athletes. Funding Disclosure: None
Funding Disclosure: The National Dairy Council/Dairy Research Institute and USDA
Nutrition Education by a Nutrition Professional Improved Nutrition Knowledge of Collegiate Athletes in Division I School
Assessing Dietary Intake Eating and Exercise Attitudes and Fitness Levels in College-Aged Students
Author(s): K. Wilson, R. Gorczycki, J. Anderson, L. Marquart, R. Troup; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
Author(s): W. M. Koszewski, K. James, G. Jones, J. Rudy; Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
Learning Outcome: determine the importance of a registered dietitian in in influencing athletes’ nutrition knowledge. The purpose of this study was to determine the nutrition knowledge and practices of intercollegiate athletes, coaches, and athletic trainers at the University of Minnesota in order to determine the need for, and effectiveness of, nutrition education by a nutrition professional. Participants (n⫽34 coaches/athletic trainers, n⫽214 athletes) completed a 30 question survey assessing general nutrition knowledge/beliefs, supplement use, dietary patterns, and sources of nutrition information. Current access to, use of, and attitudes toward nutrition professionals was also assessed and demographic information was collected. Results from the surveys were analyzed using ANOVA, t-tests, and regression analysis. Results indicated that athletes, who used the internet as an information source had a higher nutrition score compared to athletes who did not (17.9 ⫾ 4.7 vs 16.0 ⫾ 4.53; p⫽0.004), also athletes who used a university course as an information source had a higher nutrition score than those who did not (19.3 ⫾ 4.74 vs 16.2 ⫾ 4.47; p ⬍0.001), and cross country and track athletes had a higher nutrition score than athletes from other sports (20.23 ⫾ 5.13 vs 16.41 ⫾ 4.42 p⬍0.001). Cross country and track athletes, unlike other athletes had access to a nutrition professional, who provided nutrition education lectures once per semester for 5 semesters before the questionnaire was distributed and who was sending once a week nutrition education emails during the school year. This study suggests the importance of a registered dietitian in influencing athletes’ nutrition knowledge. Funding Disclosure: None
Learning Outcome: To understand the correlation of BMI to dietary intake, fitness level, and eating and exercise attitudes of college students. During the transition from high school to college students develop a variety of health attitudes and behaviors that may have a negative impact on their overall well-being. Over five years, 772 Midwestern University students between 18-25 years old completed an eating and exercise attitude survey, 2-day diet recall, and performed three fitness tests. Calculations were performed to determine the subject’s BMI and Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR). Fitness ranking were based on tables provided by the YMCA Fitness Testing and Assessment Manual Fourth Edition. Students were 19.8⫹5 years of age with 77% being 20 years old or younger. The mean BMI was 23.5⫹4.9 with 66% (n⫽507), having a normal BMI classification. Around 72% (n⫽559) had a MAR score of less than 80 indicating an inadequate consumption of nutrients. When the MAR scores of the total population were compared to BMI no significant correlation was found (p⫽.970). On the Eating Attitudes Questionnaire, only 13% scored greater than four indicating disordered eating patterns. Results showed that BMI had a significant positive correlation with the Eating Score. As BMI increased, the subjects’ cardiovascular fitness levels decreased. The majority of college students studied had a BMI in the normal range, yet most did not consume an adequate diet. Interventions targeted to this population should include information about the nutrition facts label, portion sizes, exercise recommendations, and body image. Funding Disclosure: None
A-98 / September 2011 Suppl 2—Abstracts Volume 111 Number 9
POSTER SESSION: WELLNESS AND PUBLIC HEALTH Dietary Protein Is Associated with Lean Body Mass in Older Adults 50ⴙ Years of Age: The National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2004 Author(s): M. Zanovec,1 C. E. O’Neil,1 V. L. Fulgoni,2 T. A. Nicklas3; 1 School of Human Ecology, LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, 2Nutrition Impact, LLC, Battle Creek, MI, 3USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX Learning Outcome: To examine the association of lean body mass and protein intake in older adults The NHANES, 1999-2004, 24-hr dietary recall data and multiply imputed dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) data were used to examine protein intake per ideal body weight (IBW) (g/kg) and lean body mass adjusted for height (LMI, kg/m2) among adults 50⫹ years of age (n ⫽ 5,945; 46% male; 87% white; 9% black; 4% Mexican American). Subjects were divided into three groups: ⬍0.8, 0.8 to ⬍1.0, and ⬎1.0 g protein/kg IBW. Sample-weighted unadjusted means ⫾ SE using SAS and SUDAAN were: protein 73.54 ⫾ 0.70 g; protein/IBW 1.08 ⫾ 0.01 g/kg; fat mass 30.06 ⫾ 0.23 kg; and LMI 17.25 ⫾ 0.06 kg/m2. Regression analysis was used to examine the association between LMI and protein/IBW, with gender, raceethnicity, physical activity, and fat mass (kg) as covariates. Significant (p⬍0.0001) differences in LMI were observed by gender and race-ethnicity (M⬎F; blacks⬎Mexican Americans⬎whites), between low/medium vs. high physical activity (p⬍0.01 for both), and low/medium vs. high protein (p⬍0.0001 for both). Covariate-adjusted LMI by protein groups were: 17.07 ⫾ 0.05, 17.07 ⫾ 0.06, and 17.41 ⫾ 0.06 kg/m2, respectively (Ptrend⬍0.0001). Results suggest that consumption of protein above the RDA is associated with higher lean body mass in older adults, independent of gender, race, physical activity, and fat mass. Increasing dietary protein in older adults may be an effective modality for attenuating age-related changes in body composition, such as decreased lean mass and increased fat mass which increase risk for conditions such as sarcopenia and osteoporosis.
Inadequacies of Macronutrient Intake of Intercollegiate Female Athletes Author(s): R. K. Wenzel,1 M. W. Valliant,1 B. H. Garner,1 J. C. Garner2; Nutrition and Hospitality Management, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 2Health, Exercise Science, Recreation Management, University of Mississippi, University, MS 1
Learning Outcome: Upon completion, participants will have an understanding of the role of nutrition in anthropometric measures in athletes. Although an abundance of programs and information exists to encourage collegiate athletes to consume proper energy and macronutrient levels, an absence of evidence exists to show they are effective in following this advice. The purpose of this project was to determine if the energy and macronutrient intake of intercollegiate female athletes meets their calculated daily energy and macronutrient requirements. To assess intake, a three day food record and interview was conducted and analyzed using Nutrient Data System for Research software. Subjects were recruited from a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) volleyball team. Subjects included eleven participant’s (average 19.8 yrs) body composition was analyzed using a Bod Pod (Life Measurement). Based on body composition variables, resting metabolic rate using the Nelson equation and total energy expenditure were calculated using a very active lifestyle variable. Carbohydrate and protein needs were calculated using standard recommendations. Paired sample T-Tests were used to compare the athletes’ calculated needs (total energy, carbohydrate, and protein) with their actual intake. Results revealed that these athletes do not meet their daily required energy intake; t (10) ⫽ 6.02, 7.821, 3.994 respectively with a comparisonwise error rate of .05. The results of this study support the need for Registered Dietitian with knowledge of sports nutrition needs to be integrated into the collegiate athletic setting to help improve the nutritional outcomes in the athletes. Funding Disclosure: None
Funding Disclosure: The National Dairy Council/Dairy Research Institute and USDA
Nutrition Education by a Nutrition Professional Improved Nutrition Knowledge of Collegiate Athletes in Division I School
Assessing Dietary Intake Eating and Exercise Attitudes and Fitness Levels in College-Aged Students
Author(s): K. Wilson, R. Gorczycki, J. Anderson, L. Marquart, R. Troup; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
Author(s): W. M. Koszewski, K. James, G. Jones, J. Rudy; Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
Learning Outcome: determine the importance of a registered dietitian in in influencing athletes’ nutrition knowledge. The purpose of this study was to determine the nutrition knowledge and practices of intercollegiate athletes, coaches, and athletic trainers at the University of Minnesota in order to determine the need for, and effectiveness of, nutrition education by a nutrition professional. Participants (n⫽34 coaches/athletic trainers, n⫽214 athletes) completed a 30 question survey assessing general nutrition knowledge/beliefs, supplement use, dietary patterns, and sources of nutrition information. Current access to, use of, and attitudes toward nutrition professionals was also assessed and demographic information was collected. Results from the surveys were analyzed using ANOVA, t-tests, and regression analysis. Results indicated that athletes, who used the internet as an information source had a higher nutrition score compared to athletes who did not (17.9 ⫾ 4.7 vs 16.0 ⫾ 4.53; p⫽0.004), also athletes who used a university course as an information source had a higher nutrition score than those who did not (19.3 ⫾ 4.74 vs 16.2 ⫾ 4.47; p ⬍0.001), and cross country and track athletes had a higher nutrition score than athletes from other sports (20.23 ⫾ 5.13 vs 16.41 ⫾ 4.42 p⬍0.001). Cross country and track athletes, unlike other athletes had access to a nutrition professional, who provided nutrition education lectures once per semester for 5 semesters before the questionnaire was distributed and who was sending once a week nutrition education emails during the school year. This study suggests the importance of a registered dietitian in influencing athletes’ nutrition knowledge. Funding Disclosure: None
Learning Outcome: To understand the correlation of BMI to dietary intake, fitness level, and eating and exercise attitudes of college students. During the transition from high school to college students develop a variety of health attitudes and behaviors that may have a negative impact on their overall well-being. Over five years, 772 Midwestern University students between 18-25 years old completed an eating and exercise attitude survey, 2-day diet recall, and performed three fitness tests. Calculations were performed to determine the subject’s BMI and Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR). Fitness ranking were based on tables provided by the YMCA Fitness Testing and Assessment Manual Fourth Edition. Students were 19.8⫹5 years of age with 77% being 20 years old or younger. The mean BMI was 23.5⫹4.9 with 66% (n⫽507), having a normal BMI classification. Around 72% (n⫽559) had a MAR score of less than 80 indicating an inadequate consumption of nutrients. When the MAR scores of the total population were compared to BMI no significant correlation was found (p⫽.970). On the Eating Attitudes Questionnaire, only 13% scored greater than four indicating disordered eating patterns. Results showed that BMI had a significant positive correlation with the Eating Score. As BMI increased, the subjects’ cardiovascular fitness levels decreased. The majority of college students studied had a BMI in the normal range, yet most did not consume an adequate diet. Interventions targeted to this population should include information about the nutrition facts label, portion sizes, exercise recommendations, and body image. Funding Disclosure: None
A-98 / September 2011 Suppl 2—Abstracts Volume 111 Number 9