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Comparison of simulation programmes for PIM
of metallic
second
phases. Optimum
sizes were
pooh,
of similar
Cu grain size 20 to 50 nm and for Nb particles
eutectic,
1Onm to 20nm.
proposed,
composition
during sintering. based on electron
and mechanisms
to the
Al-Cu
A model for this was microscope
by which
Fe affects
studies 2xxx
Al
S.Spc~epanik.
(Eisenmmm Maschininenhau
KG,
Boehlingen ,
Germany.) Use
of PM
automotive
Al
alloys,
notably
applications
Al-Si,
was discussed
in with
regard to weight savings made by replacement of ferrous parts. in sintering
design
process
steps
structed.
The
are separated,
in which had
been
design was modified
designed
Conditions
It was reported
of furnace,
for
sintering
from a fur-
of extrusion
described.
extrusion
could
controlled.
gated. Extrusion ed at extrusion ity at 400°C
during sintering
4.4wt%Cu,OJ%Mg-0.7%Si
were
by a range of methods. of a Al-Mg
liquid
Cu in this liquid sohrtion ticles
These
of Al-
identified
were formation
at 450°C
incorporation
at 505°C
to 550°C
of
and dis-
of Cu, Mg and Si in the solid Al par-
leading
to chemical
the alloy. There to spreading
homogenisation
was swelling
and
force were investiMaterial
extrud-
ratio of 13: 32 had 1.3% poros-
the extruded
at 500°C.
Properties
alloys were described.
of
A simula-
tion of the process was carried out.
and
less contamination.
Microstructure titanium alloy
of compacts
of liquid phase in the initial
of due
to
have
of laser-deposited
Results
(University
potential
of
for
blade
powder,
on
Structure
and
properties
ly, determined itates which
control
Laser
substrates.
were
investigated.
of the alloy are, main-
by the presence
mo-mechanical solved 0
tipping.
the alloy, from
Ti-6%A1-4%V properties
of TLC precip-
grain growth during ther-
processing
Heating
17-4PH
was more
made
from
stainless
Fe-Ni
steels,
were
G.Fridmn.
(Met&r
Injection ence
to
process
lack
was discussed with refer-
of data
parameters,
mass load moulded tion
2000, Kibbutz Mirza, Israel.)
moulding
and
concerning
notably
recycling,
and sintered
of these was
increase
of feedstock
density
and that there
It
of
An investiga-
for Fe-7%Ni
described.
of
quality,
on properties
materials.
factors,
effects
feedstock
was
and 4340 shown
that
mass load increases is an optimum
in respect
part
number
of dimensional
preci-
Birmingham, was
was used to deposit
in energy sav-
gas consumption
sion in parts.
and was shown
deposition
time
for parts
and
of recyclings
for heat resistance
Mechanical
process
Effects of technological parameters on sintered MIM material
steels,
Ti-25wt%V-15%Cr-2%A1-0.2%C
F.Castro. (CEIT, San Sebastian, Spain.) occurring
alloys
temperature
force was 25% greater than for
and 2.5%
developed Reactions
of
ratio on extrusion
M.H.Loretto et al. Birmingham, UK.)
Structural evolution during sintering of aluminium alloy J.M.Martin,
of Al-40wt%Ni
Effects
parts.
in each zone of the furnace
be separately
the con-
steel
Studies were
of Minmg and Metallurgy,
Al under the same conditions.
due to oxidation,
AL-Si were noted.
that a novel
nace
Difficulties,
(Unioersity Crakow, Poland.)
It was claimed
reported.
Materials made by extrusion of aluminium-nickel
Furnaces for stringent sintering conditions for new aluminium alloys
system.
reduced
and 316L
Light alloys
in the
ing,
uniform.
alloys.
H.Weber.
incorporated
that the system had advantages
and
‘getter’
dis-
in the matrix.
Metal injection moulding of bi-metallic parts L. -K.Tan. (Advanced R.Baumgartner, Technologies Pte. Ltd., Slng@ore.)
The process of making parts from two different alloys and sintering lined.
It was noted
quate
bonding
was shown injection
there
moulding.
may be inade-
the two alloys.
to be avoidable
tion and preparation
of sintering.
as a single part was out-
that
between
tion were discussed
stage
Materials
This
by use of metal
Factors
requiring
including
atten-
materials
selec-
of feedstocks.
Powder injection moulding Sintering titanium-aluminiumniobium alloys M.I.Sidlik
(Uniwrsiry
J. .D.Bolton.
of
Bradford,
Catalytic binder removal theory and practice
Use of blends of water- and gas-atomised stainless steel powders
S .Kmg. (IngenieurbiirB-AME, Theoretical
Bradford, UK.) It was noted possibly
that
Ti-Al-Nb
be used for surgical
lower toxicity
compared
Ti-6%Al-7%Nb
alloys
elemental
from
a/b structure.
alloys. from
Ti-NbA13
properties
optimum
of high-density
could due to
prepared
and and
to establish
for production a uniform
were
Processing
investigated.
implants
with Ti-Al-V
precursors
mixtures.
alloys
were
parameters
materials
with
.
M.C.Fredel et al. (Federal University of St. Catmina, Florianopolis, Brazil.) Effects
of blends
ised 316L
stainless
retention
and
investigated.
75% solids
proportions 100%
loadings.
Automotive discussed.
applications
It was noted
might have significant
of Quennsland,
trace
ties of Al-4.4%Cu-0.5%Si Fe increased
48
elements
effects on PM Al alloys.
Effects of traces of Fe on structure to number
MPR October
were
and properinvestigated.
of intergranular
2002
spherical,
and
0,
were
25%,
50%,
used at different
solids
loading
and poor
debinding
of
mouldings
were
decomposes, and
liquid
that a novel
on plasma technology, processing shown
furnace, parts.
and sintering
reviewed.
starting
injection
Polyacetyl
binder
at the moulding
surface
inwards.
Debinding
time
by a wide range of parameters
is
that
may not be easy to assess. Methods
of assessing
debinding
and
methods
time
were
presented
were illustrated
by a case study.
novel
.
Comparison of simulation programmes for PIM
It
et al. (Delft Technological University, De&,
It was noted that powder injection
based
had been developed
injection-moulded
that debinding
aspects of catalytic ceramic
The Netherlands.)
et al. (Federal University of St. Catanna, Brazil .)
It was reported
and
result-
moulding
An industrial plasma reactor for processing injection-moulded parts M.C.Fredel F&mop&,
metal
progresses
influenced
J.Duszcqk
of Al alloys were that
were
powders
of
and were Higher
on shape
properties
characteristics.
Effect of traces of iron on sintering of aluminium alloys et al. (University
powders
irregular,
ed in less homogeneity
W.A.G.McPhee Australia. )
and gas-atom-
Gas-atomised,
in and
steel
mechanical
water-atomised, mixed
of water-
Waiblingen, Germany.)
and practical
for was
could be
has been simulated oped for polymer casting.
The
injection
applicability
PIM was discussed. compared stainless
by numerical
with
moulding
codes devel-
moulding
or metal
of such packages
to
Results
of simulation
were
experimental
data
316L
for
steel.
www.metal-powdernet
second
phases. Optimum
sizes were
pooh,
of similar
Cu grain size 20 to 50 nm and for Nb particles
eutectic,
1Onm to 20nm.
proposed,
composition
during sintering. based on electron
and mechanisms
to the
Al-Cu
A model for this was microscope
by which
Fe affects
studies 2xxx
Al
S.Spc~epanik.
(Eisenmmm Maschininenhau
KG,
Boehlingen ,
Germany.) Use
of PM
automotive
Al
alloys,
notably
applications
Al-Si,
was discussed
in with
regard to weight savings made by replacement of ferrous parts. in sintering
design
process
steps
structed.
The
are separated,
in which had
been
design was modified
designed
Conditions
It was reported
of furnace,
for
sintering
from a fur-
of extrusion
described.
extrusion
could
controlled.
gated. Extrusion ed at extrusion ity at 400°C
during sintering
4.4wt%Cu,OJ%Mg-0.7%Si
were
by a range of methods. of a Al-Mg
liquid
Cu in this liquid sohrtion ticles
These
of Al-
identified
were formation
at 450°C
incorporation
at 505°C
to 550°C
of
and dis-
of Cu, Mg and Si in the solid Al par-
leading
to chemical
the alloy. There to spreading
homogenisation
was swelling
and
force were investiMaterial
extrud-
ratio of 13: 32 had 1.3% poros-
the extruded
at 500°C.
Properties
alloys were described.
of
A simula-
tion of the process was carried out.
and
less contamination.
Microstructure titanium alloy
of compacts
of liquid phase in the initial
of due
to
have
of laser-deposited
Results
(University
potential
of
for
blade
powder,
on
Structure
and
properties
ly, determined itates which
control
Laser
substrates.
were
investigated.
of the alloy are, main-
by the presence
mo-mechanical solved 0
tipping.
the alloy, from
Ti-6%A1-4%V properties
of TLC precip-
grain growth during ther-
processing
Heating
17-4PH
was more
made
from
stainless
Fe-Ni
steels,
were
G.Fridmn.
(Met&r
Injection ence
to
process
lack
was discussed with refer-
of data
parameters,
mass load moulded tion
2000, Kibbutz Mirza, Israel.)
moulding
and
concerning
notably
recycling,
and sintered
of these was
increase
of feedstock
density
and that there
It
of
An investiga-
for Fe-7%Ni
described.
of
quality,
on properties
materials.
factors,
effects
feedstock
was
and 4340 shown
that
mass load increases is an optimum
in respect
part
number
of dimensional
preci-
Birmingham, was
was used to deposit
in energy sav-
gas consumption
sion in parts.
and was shown
deposition
time
for parts
and
of recyclings
for heat resistance
Mechanical
process
Effects of technological parameters on sintered MIM material
steels,
Ti-25wt%V-15%Cr-2%A1-0.2%C
F.Castro. (CEIT, San Sebastian, Spain.) occurring
alloys
temperature
force was 25% greater than for
and 2.5%
developed Reactions
of
ratio on extrusion
M.H.Loretto et al. Birmingham, UK.)
Structural evolution during sintering of aluminium alloy J.M.Martin,
of Al-40wt%Ni
Effects
parts.
in each zone of the furnace
be separately
the con-
steel
Studies were
of Minmg and Metallurgy,
Al under the same conditions.
due to oxidation,
AL-Si were noted.
that a novel
nace
Difficulties,
(Unioersity Crakow, Poland.)
It was claimed
reported.
Materials made by extrusion of aluminium-nickel
Furnaces for stringent sintering conditions for new aluminium alloys
system.
reduced
and 316L
Light alloys
in the
ing,
uniform.
alloys.
H.Weber.
incorporated
that the system had advantages
and
‘getter’
dis-
in the matrix.
Metal injection moulding of bi-metallic parts L. -K.Tan. (Advanced R.Baumgartner, Technologies Pte. Ltd., Slng@ore.)
The process of making parts from two different alloys and sintering lined.
It was noted
quate
bonding
was shown injection
there
moulding.
may be inade-
the two alloys.
to be avoidable
tion and preparation
of sintering.
as a single part was out-
that
between
tion were discussed
stage
Materials
This
by use of metal
Factors
requiring
including
atten-
materials
selec-
of feedstocks.
Powder injection moulding Sintering titanium-aluminiumniobium alloys M.I.Sidlik
(Uniwrsiry
J. .D.Bolton.
of
Bradford,
Catalytic binder removal theory and practice
Use of blends of water- and gas-atomised stainless steel powders
S .Kmg. (IngenieurbiirB-AME, Theoretical
Bradford, UK.) It was noted possibly
that
Ti-Al-Nb
be used for surgical
lower toxicity
compared
Ti-6%Al-7%Nb
alloys
elemental
from
a/b structure.
alloys. from
Ti-NbA13
properties
optimum
of high-density
could due to
prepared
and and
to establish
for production a uniform
were
Processing
investigated.
implants
with Ti-Al-V
precursors
mixtures.
alloys
were
parameters
materials
with
.
M.C.Fredel et al. (Federal University of St. Catmina, Florianopolis, Brazil.) Effects
of blends
ised 316L
stainless
retention
and
investigated.
75% solids
proportions 100%
loadings.
Automotive discussed.
applications
It was noted
might have significant
of Quennsland,
trace
ties of Al-4.4%Cu-0.5%Si Fe increased
48
elements
effects on PM Al alloys.
Effects of traces of Fe on structure to number
MPR October
were
and properinvestigated.
of intergranular
2002
spherical,
and
0,
were
25%,
50%,
used at different
solids
loading
and poor
debinding
of
mouldings
were
decomposes, and
liquid
that a novel
on plasma technology, processing shown
furnace, parts.
and sintering
reviewed.
starting
injection
Polyacetyl
binder
at the moulding
surface
inwards.
Debinding
time
by a wide range of parameters
is
that
may not be easy to assess. Methods
of assessing
debinding
and
methods
time
were
presented
were illustrated
by a case study.
novel
.
Comparison of simulation programmes for PIM
It
et al. (Delft Technological University, De&,
It was noted that powder injection
based
had been developed
injection-moulded
that debinding
aspects of catalytic ceramic
The Netherlands.)
et al. (Federal University of St. Catanna, Brazil .)
It was reported
and
result-
moulding
An industrial plasma reactor for processing injection-moulded parts M.C.Fredel F&mop&,
metal
progresses
influenced
J.Duszcqk
of Al alloys were that
were
powders
of
and were Higher
on shape
properties
characteristics.
Effect of traces of iron on sintering of aluminium alloys et al. (University
powders
irregular,
ed in less homogeneity
W.A.G.McPhee Australia. )
and gas-atom-
Gas-atomised,
in and
steel
mechanical
water-atomised, mixed
of water-
Waiblingen, Germany.)
and practical
for was
could be
has been simulated oped for polymer casting.
The
injection
applicability
PIM was discussed. compared stainless
by numerical
with
moulding
codes devel-
moulding
or metal
of such packages
to
Results
of simulation
were
experimental
data
316L
for
steel.
www.metal-powdernet