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Comparison of tentacle extracts from Chiropsalmus quadrigatus and Chironex fleckeri
Abstracts for Card Indexes
315
Comparison of tentacle extracts from Chiropsalmus quadrigatus and Chironex fleckeri : T. E. B. IC>~lv, Toxicon, 1971, 9, 249. (Australian Defence Scientific Service, Defence Standards Laboratories, Melbourne, Victoria 3032, Australia). AhehractThe dermatonecrotic, lethal and hemolytic activities of extracts of the tentacles of Chiropsalrnus quadrigatus and Chironex fleckeri were examined . The activity of the dermatonecrotic and lethal components appeared to be similar. The hemolytic activity of the two extracts could be distinguished by the relative greater stability of C. fleckeri extracts at higher temperatures. The experiments suggest that the mode of action of the two hemolysine is different. Antisera prepared against the individual extracts showed neutralizing antibodies against the three types of activity but they were specific for each species and no common antigenic properties could be detected. A su~ested method for the identification of tentacle fragments is described.
Toxic material from the tentacles of the cubomedusan Chironex ~ieckeri : R. ENDI3AN and MARY NOBLE, Toxicon, 1971, 9, 255. (Department of Zoology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia) . At+etract-Toxic material, lethal to mice and rats, was extracted from the tentacles of Chirorrex fleckert from which nematocysts had been previously removed. The tentacle toxin was in-
activated by heating at 35° or by ezposum to proteolytic enzymes. The hearts of rats igjected with the toxin showed a decrease in amplitude of cardiac contractions, bradycardia and atrioventricular block. After a small initial rise the arterial blood pressure of igjected rats showed a pronounced fall. Conduction in the sciatic nerve of rats or toads was blocked by the toxin. The toxin possessed hemolytic activity. The tentacle toxin elicited no direct activity on vertebrate or crustacean skeletal musciilature and showed negli~ble dermoneerotic activity. In these and many other respects its pharmacological activity was markedly different from that exhibited by the toxin isolated from nematocysts .
Effect of Latrodectus mactans tredecimguttatus venom on sympathetic ganglion isolated in vitro: PAOLA PACGi and ADELAIDE Rossl, Toxicon, 1971, 9, 2b5. (Istituto di Fisiologia Generate, University di Roma, Italy) . Abstract-The effect of Latrodectus venom (L.V .) on the function of the superior cervical ganglion of the rat, isolated in vitro, has been studied. This venom promptly depresses the postganglionic action potentials evoked by preganglionic stimulation, while it elicits discharges of asynchronous action potentials from theunstimulated ganglion.Previous curari7ation effectively interferes with the production of these discharges . When unstimulated ganglion (previously incubated with H,-choline for 2 hr of repetitive activity) was treated with L.V., a SO per cent decrease in its labelled acetylcholine content (relative to the control ganglion) was observed .
Some immunological aspects of sea nettle toxins : JosEex W. BURNETT Snd RONALD GoLDxEx, Toxicon, 1971, 9, 271. (Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, U.S .A .) . A6shact-Chrysaora venom was antigenic to rabbits with complement fixing antibodies and protective factors against the lethal, hemolytic and dermonecrotic factors being formed. The thermal stabilitios of the lethal, hemolytic and dermonecrotic factors of nettle venom were different suggesting that an identical particle did not produce these three actions. Complement fixing antibodies were demonstrated in guinea pigs repeatedly stung by nettle medusas. The appearance of a cutaneous eruption after contact with nettle tentacles could not be blocked by intradermal igjecdon of hyperimmune sera, however actively immunized animals did not develop an eruption after stinging.
710â1CON 1971 Vd. 9.
315
Comparison of tentacle extracts from Chiropsalmus quadrigatus and Chironex fleckeri : T. E. B. IC>~lv, Toxicon, 1971, 9, 249. (Australian Defence Scientific Service, Defence Standards Laboratories, Melbourne, Victoria 3032, Australia). AhehractThe dermatonecrotic, lethal and hemolytic activities of extracts of the tentacles of Chiropsalrnus quadrigatus and Chironex fleckeri were examined . The activity of the dermatonecrotic and lethal components appeared to be similar. The hemolytic activity of the two extracts could be distinguished by the relative greater stability of C. fleckeri extracts at higher temperatures. The experiments suggest that the mode of action of the two hemolysine is different. Antisera prepared against the individual extracts showed neutralizing antibodies against the three types of activity but they were specific for each species and no common antigenic properties could be detected. A su~ested method for the identification of tentacle fragments is described.
Toxic material from the tentacles of the cubomedusan Chironex ~ieckeri : R. ENDI3AN and MARY NOBLE, Toxicon, 1971, 9, 255. (Department of Zoology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia) . At+etract-Toxic material, lethal to mice and rats, was extracted from the tentacles of Chirorrex fleckert from which nematocysts had been previously removed. The tentacle toxin was in-
activated by heating at 35° or by ezposum to proteolytic enzymes. The hearts of rats igjected with the toxin showed a decrease in amplitude of cardiac contractions, bradycardia and atrioventricular block. After a small initial rise the arterial blood pressure of igjected rats showed a pronounced fall. Conduction in the sciatic nerve of rats or toads was blocked by the toxin. The toxin possessed hemolytic activity. The tentacle toxin elicited no direct activity on vertebrate or crustacean skeletal musciilature and showed negli~ble dermoneerotic activity. In these and many other respects its pharmacological activity was markedly different from that exhibited by the toxin isolated from nematocysts .
Effect of Latrodectus mactans tredecimguttatus venom on sympathetic ganglion isolated in vitro: PAOLA PACGi and ADELAIDE Rossl, Toxicon, 1971, 9, 2b5. (Istituto di Fisiologia Generate, University di Roma, Italy) . Abstract-The effect of Latrodectus venom (L.V .) on the function of the superior cervical ganglion of the rat, isolated in vitro, has been studied. This venom promptly depresses the postganglionic action potentials evoked by preganglionic stimulation, while it elicits discharges of asynchronous action potentials from theunstimulated ganglion.Previous curari7ation effectively interferes with the production of these discharges . When unstimulated ganglion (previously incubated with H,-choline for 2 hr of repetitive activity) was treated with L.V., a SO per cent decrease in its labelled acetylcholine content (relative to the control ganglion) was observed .
Some immunological aspects of sea nettle toxins : JosEex W. BURNETT Snd RONALD GoLDxEx, Toxicon, 1971, 9, 271. (Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, U.S .A .) . A6shact-Chrysaora venom was antigenic to rabbits with complement fixing antibodies and protective factors against the lethal, hemolytic and dermonecrotic factors being formed. The thermal stabilitios of the lethal, hemolytic and dermonecrotic factors of nettle venom were different suggesting that an identical particle did not produce these three actions. Complement fixing antibodies were demonstrated in guinea pigs repeatedly stung by nettle medusas. The appearance of a cutaneous eruption after contact with nettle tentacles could not be blocked by intradermal igjecdon of hyperimmune sera, however actively immunized animals did not develop an eruption after stinging.
710â1CON 1971 Vd. 9.