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Continuing Medical Education examination: The many faces of the hygiene hypothesis
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Continuing Medical Education examination
The many faces of the hygiene hypothesis Instructions for category 1 Continuing Medical Education credit The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology is accredited as a provider of Continuing Medical Education (CME) by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education. Test ID no.: mai0091 Contact hours: 1.0 Expiration date: April 30, 2008 Category 1 credit can be earned by reading the text material and taking this CME examination online. For complete instructions, visit the Journal’s Web site at www.jacionline.org.
Learning objectives: ‘‘The many faces of the hygiene hypothesis’’ 1. 2. 3. 4.
To understand the current role of different viral infections in asthma. To be familiar with the influence of bacterial infections on the development of allergic diseases. To evaluate the impact of environmental exposure on the ‘‘hygiene hypothesis.’’ To appreciate the role of Toll-like receptors as part of the innate immune system in adaptive immune responses.
CME items Question 1. The risk for wheezing episodes in early childhood is increased following infection with which of the following viruses? A. cytomegalovirus B. rhinovirus C. hepatitis C D. varicella-zoster virus
Question 3. Exposure to a farm environment in Europe is associated with — A. an increased risk of severe fungal infections at school-age. B. a reduced risk for the development of allergic diseases. C. an increased prevalence of wheezing in childhood. D. a higher incidence of salmonellosis.
Question 2. BCG vaccination — A. increases the risk for asthma at school-age. B. has a worsening effect on atopic dermatitis. C. might have an inverse association with allergic illnesses. D. has a deteriorating effect on wheezing in adult age.
Question 4. Toll-like receptors — A. reflect one part of the adaptive immune system. B. are part of the innate immune system and can modulate adaptive immune responses via complex signaling cascades. C. have a common effect on allergic responses. D. are all activated through allergen exposure.
978
May 2006
J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUNOL
Continuing Medical Education examination
The many faces of the hygiene hypothesis Instructions for category 1 Continuing Medical Education credit The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology is accredited as a provider of Continuing Medical Education (CME) by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education. Test ID no.: mai0091 Contact hours: 1.0 Expiration date: April 30, 2008 Category 1 credit can be earned by reading the text material and taking this CME examination online. For complete instructions, visit the Journal’s Web site at www.jacionline.org.
Learning objectives: ‘‘The many faces of the hygiene hypothesis’’ 1. 2. 3. 4.
To understand the current role of different viral infections in asthma. To be familiar with the influence of bacterial infections on the development of allergic diseases. To evaluate the impact of environmental exposure on the ‘‘hygiene hypothesis.’’ To appreciate the role of Toll-like receptors as part of the innate immune system in adaptive immune responses.
CME items Question 1. The risk for wheezing episodes in early childhood is increased following infection with which of the following viruses? A. cytomegalovirus B. rhinovirus C. hepatitis C D. varicella-zoster virus
Question 3. Exposure to a farm environment in Europe is associated with — A. an increased risk of severe fungal infections at school-age. B. a reduced risk for the development of allergic diseases. C. an increased prevalence of wheezing in childhood. D. a higher incidence of salmonellosis.
Question 2. BCG vaccination — A. increases the risk for asthma at school-age. B. has a worsening effect on atopic dermatitis. C. might have an inverse association with allergic illnesses. D. has a deteriorating effect on wheezing in adult age.
Question 4. Toll-like receptors — A. reflect one part of the adaptive immune system. B. are part of the innate immune system and can modulate adaptive immune responses via complex signaling cascades. C. have a common effect on allergic responses. D. are all activated through allergen exposure.
978
May 2006
J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUNOL