Cumulative Index 2003

Clin Geriatr Med 19 (2003) 857 – 873

Cumulative Index 2003 Volume 19 February

RESPIRATORY DISEASE IN THE ELDERLY, pages 1 – 244

May

OSTEOPOROSIS, pages 245 – 462

August

GERIATRIC SEXUALITY, pages 463 – 662

November

GERIATRIC MENTAL HEALTH, pages 663 – 873

Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type.

A Absorptiometry, prediction of hip fracture using, 286, 287 Advanced care planning, in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 226 in congestive heart failure, 226 patient preferences and, 227 Affective disorders, antipsychotics for, 707 psychotic symptoms in, 707 Age, as factor in risk for osteoporosis, 246 – 247 Aging, bone remodeling and, 263 – 267 libido with, 467 AIDS and HIV. See HIV and AIDS. AIDS-related dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease, features of, 651 Alcohol, intake of. See also Drinking. benefits and risks of, 331 by older adults, 684 – 687 moderate, as protective, 685 sexual function and, 560 Alcohol abuse/dependence, in older adults, detection of, 685 – 687 incidence of, 685 – 687 Alcohol dependence, background of, 744 collateral medical and psychiatric treatment in, 754 – 755 diagnosis of, and treatment of, 743 – 761 barriers to, 745 – 746 individual and group therapy in, 755 – 756

inpatient versus residential treatment of, 753 – 754 prevalence of, 744 – 746 self-help group meetings in, 756 – 757 treatment of, 751 – 753 Alcohol use disorders test, 752 Alcoholic patients, alcohol-related problems in, diagnosis of, 750 effects of alcohol in, 746 – 747 patterns of problem drinking in, 747 – 748 Alcoholics Anonymous, 756 – 757 Alendronate, clinical trials of, 399 – 400 current use of, 401 parathyroid hormone and, in osteoporosis, 428 tolerability and side effects of, 401 Alprazolam, 710 Alzheimer’s disease, 769 – 770 accelerated brain aging and, 623 – 624 and AIDS-related dementia, features of, 651 and other dementias, 763 – 776 conditions mimicking, 766 depression of, diagnostic criteria for, 808 risk of, hormone replacement therapy and, 623, 624 treatment of deficits in, 766 – 767 American Society of Addiction Medicine patient criteria, 753, 754 Anal eroticism, 634 – 635 Androgens, in erectile dysfunction, 534

0749-0690/03/$ – see front matter D 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/S0749-0690(03)00056-9

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Cumulative Index / Clin Geriatr Med 19 (2003) 857–873

Andropause, 507 – 528 assays for, 520 behavioral effects of, 607 pathophysiology of, 509 – 510 Andropause questionnaires, 518 – 520 Anesthesia, as risk factor in pulmonary surgery, 45 – 46 Angiography, pulmonary, to diagnose pulmonary embolism, 164 Ankle, fractures of, antiglideplate and, 449, 450 Antibiotics, in dementia, 849 Anticholinergic toxicity, 713 Anticonvulsants, 708 – 710 electroconvulsive therapy and, 833 sexual function and, 560 Antidepressants, 698 – 703 adverse effects of, 700 in bipolar disorder, 794 in dementia, 814 in special elderly populations, 699 – 700 plus psychotherapy, 698 sexual function and, 555 tricyclic, 700 – 701 Anti-estrogens, selective, 373 – 381 Antiglideplate, fractures of ankle and, 449, 450 Antihypertensive drugs, sexual function and, 556 – 557 Anti-inflammatory agents, in asthma, 66 – 68 Antipsychotics, 703 – 707 adverse drug reactions with, 704 adverse effects of, 703 and hyperlipidemia, 705 and weight gain, 704 – 705 for affective disorders, 707 hyperprolactinemia due to, 703 – 704 in bipolar disorder, 793 movement disorders induced by, 703 – 704 new-onset diabetes and, 705 Anxiety, and medical illness, 726 – 727 as adaptive emotional reaction, 721 – 722 assessment of, with rating scales, 728 – 729 atypical neuroleptics in, 733 azapirones, 733 benzodiazepines in, 732 clinical evaluation of, 728 – 730 collaborative models of care in, 735 – 736 comorbid, and depression, 727 – 728 end-of-life care in, 844 – 845 in dementia, 680

laboratory investigations of, 730 management of, 730 – 733 pharmacologic treatment in, 730 – 733 psychologic treatments in, 733 – 735 screenings for, for primary care settings, 729 – 730 selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in, 731 serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors in, 732 symptoms of, 722 Anxiety disorder(s), 677 – 681 antidepressants in, 699 characteristics of, 723 – 726 comorbidity of, 681 depression and, 672 frequency of, 722 generalized, 724 in older adults, 721 – 741 prevalence of, 677 – 678 Anxiolytic drugs, sexual function and, 556 Apathy, diagnostic criteria for, 807 Apnea index, 183 Apomorphine, in erectile dysfunction, 534 Apomorphine SL, in erectile dysfunction, 479 Aripiprazole, 706 – 707 in dementia, 816 Arterial blood gas values, in pulmonary embolism, 160 Arthritis, sexual dysfunction and, 567 – 568 Asthma, abnormal neurogenic influences in, 59 airway obstruction in, 60 airway responsiveness in, 59 – 60 atopic, 60 – 61 bronchial hyperresponsiveness in, 59 clinical characterisitcs of, 63 – 64 clinical outcome and prognosis in, 71 definition of, 57 epidemiology of, 62 – 63 histopathologic findings in, 58 – 59 in elderly, 57 – 75 fixed airflow obstruction in, 64 inhalation therapy in, 70 – 71 non-atopic, 61 – 62 pathophysiology of, 58 – 62 postoperative pulmonary complications in, 42 treatment of, 65 – 66 by severity of disease, 67 medication for, 66 – 70 Autonepiophilia, 634 Autonomic system, during normal aging of respiratory system, 11 – 12

Cumulative Index / Clin Geriatr Med 19 (2003) 857–873 B Back, exercise to strengthen, 341 extensor strength, 340, 343 strength of, by age, 347, 352 Back supports (Posture Training Support), in osteoporosis, 353 – 354, 355, 358, 359, 360 Bacterial vaginosis, 641 – 642 Balance, changes in, computerized dynamic posturography to assess, 349 Behavioral emergencies, management of, 712 Benzodiazepines, 710 electroconvulsive therapy and, 832 Binge drinking, 748 – 750 Biphosphonates, in osteoporosis, 499 Bipolar disorder, 786 – 794 antidepressants in, 794 antipsychotics in, 793 carbamazepine in, 793 demographic factors in, 788 – 789 differential diagnosis of, 789 – 790 lithium in, 791 – 792 nonpharmacologic treatment in, 794 presentation of, 787 – 788 prognosis in, 789 treatment of, 790 – 794 valproate in, 792 – 793 Bipolar disorders, antidepressants in, 699 Bisphosphonate(s), 397 – 416 binding to bone, 397 combined with other agents, 408 compared, for tolerability, 407 – 408 efficacy of, compared, 407 for treatment of osteoporosis, 397 – 416 general side effects and toxicity of, 408 in development, 406 mechanism of action of, 398 – 399 structure(s) of, 397, 398 uses of, 397 a-Blockers, sexual function and, 558 ß-Blockers, sexual function and, 558, 559 Body mass index, and back strength, by age, 347, 352 by age, 347 Bone, cancellous, changes in remodeling of, with age, 263 – 266 cortical, changes in remodeling of, with age, 266 – 267 density of, impact of estrogen on, 365 long, fractures of, in osteoporosis, orthopedic management of, 437 – 459

859

metabolism of, pathophysiology of estrogen deficiency on, 364 testosterone and, 514 Bone density, measurements of, in male osteoporosis, 314 Bone loss, in women, 263 – 264 pathophysiology of, 259 – 270 Bone markers, effects of salmon nasal spray calcitonin on, 389 Bone mass, calcium and, 326 effects of withdrawal of parathyroid hormone on, 428 – 429 exercises to improve, 341 measurements of, 281 – 297 devices for, WHO criteria for, 282 – 283, 284 monitoring of, 289 – 294 vitamin D and, 327 Bone mineral density, 245, 246 cigarette smoking and, 248, 251 effect of hormone replacement therapy on, 364 – 365, 368 effects of calcitonin on, 384 effects of salmon nasal spray calcitonin on, 385 – 387 fracture risk and, 250 protein intake and, 327 – 328 Bone remodeling, 259 – 262 aging and, 263 – 267 as systematic process, 262 function of, 260 – 261 phases of, 259, 260 Boron, effect on bone, 331 Brace, to prevent lumbar and thoracic flexion, 356, 359 Brain, space-occupying lesions of, electroconvulsive therapy in, 831 Brain aging, accelerated, and Alzheimer’s disease, 623 – 624 Brain tumors, electroconvulsive therapy in, 831 Breast cancer, altered expression of, in estrogen deficiency, 621 – 623 raloxifene in, 376 – 377 sexual function and, 468 tamoxifen in, 373, 374 – 375, 377 Breathing, sleep-disordered, 183 – 185 in elderly patients, 184 – 185 Breathlessness. See Dyspnea. Bronchial obstruction, at end of life, management of, 229

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Cumulative Index / Clin Geriatr Med 19 (2003) 857–873

Bronchodilators, in asthma, 68 – 70 in dyspnea, 231 – 232 Bronchoscopy, in lung cancer, 143 – 145 Bupropion, in depression, 702 – 703 Buspirone, 710 – 711

Candidiasis, vulvovaginal, 642 – 643 Capgras syndrome, 805 Carbamazepine, 709 in bipolar disorder, 793 Carcinomatous lymphangitis, at end of life, management of, 231 Cardiac disease, suspected, dyspnea in, 28

C Caffeine, intake of, and calcium balance, 329 CAGE questionnaire, 750 Calcitonin, 383 – 396 analgesic effects of, 390 – 391 effects on bone mineral density, 384 effects on fracture, 384 in combination therapy, 392 in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, 390 in osteoporosis in older woman, treatment of, 383 – 384 injectable, in postmenopausal osteoporosis, 384 nasal, in older women, administration and side effects of, 391 resistance to, 391 role of, in treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis, 392 – 393 salmon nasal spray, effect on fracture reduction, 389 effects on bone markers, 389 effects on fracture, 387 – 388 in men with idiopathic osteoporosis, 389 – 390 in postmenopausal osteoporosis, 384 – 389 Calcium, and bone mass, 326 as essential nutrient, 323 balance of, and cafeine intake, 329 osteoporosis and, 497 – 498 daily dietary intake of, estimation of, 324 daily intake of, 325 – 326 excretion of, salt and, 328 in calcium supplements, 324 – 325 mean fractional absorption of, 323 recommended intake of, 323 – 324 vitamin D, and fractures, 327 and nutrition, in elderly adults, 323 – 337 Cancer, and older homosexuals, 588 – 589 colorectal, accelerated, in estrogen deficiency, 621 erectile dysfunction in, 532 of breast, altered expression of, in estrogen deficiency, 621 – 623 sexual function and, 468 sexual dysfunction and, 566 – 567

Cardiovascular disease, accelerated, in estrogen deficiency, 618 – 619 electroconvulsive therapy in, 831 in postmenopausal period, 495 – 496 sexual dysfunction and, 569 testosterone and, 514 – 515 Cardiovascular health, of older homosexuals, 589 Care planning. See Advanced care planning. Caregiving, changing roles and, 601 Central nervous system, disorders of, restrictive pulmonary syndrome in, 193 efferent impulse of, dyspnea and, 23 integration/processing in, dyspnea and, 22 Cerebrovascular accidents, sexual dysfunction and, 568 Cerebrovascular disease, as cause of manic symptoms, 790 electroconvulsive therapy in, 831 impact on mood disorders, 778 – 779 Cervicitis, 639 – 640, 641 gonococcal and chlamydial, 639, 641 Chancroid, 644 – 645 Chemotherapeutic agents, sexual function and, 560 Chest radiograph, to diagnose pulmonary embolism, 159 – 160 Chlamydial cervicitis, 639, 641 Cholinesterase inhibitors, 711 in dementia, 817 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 40 – 42 advanced care planning in, 226 mechanical ventilation in, 216 respiratory failure in, 207 – 208 Citalopram, 698 Clodronate, clinical trials of, 404 current use of, 405 Clomipramine, effect on sexual function, 554 Clonazepam, 710

Cumulative Index / Clin Geriatr Med 19 (2003) 857–873 Clozapine, 705, 712 – 713 in dementia, 816 Cognition, in perimenopausal syndrome, 488 – 489 Cognitive impairment, 672 – 677 incidence of, 673 sexuality and, 602 Cognitive problems, in men, 609 – 610 Colorectal cancer, accelerated, in estrogen deficiency, 621 Computed tomography, in lung cancer, 141 – 142 spiral, to diagnose pulmonary embolism, 163 – 164 Connective tissue, disorders of, and osteoporosis, 306, 309 ‘‘Cortical steal’’ phenomenon, 429 Corticosteroids, in dyspnea, 232 Cough, at end of life, management of, 235 pathophysiology of, 234 Cough reflex, during normal aging of respiratory system, 9 Coughing, assisted, in restrictive pulmonary syndrome, 199 – 200, 201 Counseling, for patients with medical conditions, 600 – 601 in erectile dysfunction, 535 prevention, 597, 598

D D-dimer concentration, in pulmonary embolism, 160 – 161 Delirium, costs of, 847 diagnosis of, 846 end-of-life care in, 845 – 848 medications associated with development of, 847 prevalence and incidence of, 846 treatment of, 847 – 848 Dementia(s), 672 – 677 adverse outcomes of, 677 AIDS-related, and Alzheimer’s disease, features of, 651 Alzheimer’s disease and, 763 – 776 antibiotics in, 849 antidepressants in, 814 anxiety in, 680 behavioral symptoms in, 849 – 850 cholinergic deficits in, 767 – 768

861

clinical features and pathology of, 765 – 766 clinical history of, 764 electroconvulsive therapy in, 818 end-of-life care in, 848 – 851 etiology of, 810 – 812 issues in diagnosis and treatment of, 763 – 764 neurotransmitter correlates in, 768 – 769 Parkinson, 771 – 772 prevalence of, 672, 673, 674, 676 risk factors for, 673 stages of, 848 – 849 vascular, 770 – 771 weight loss and aspiration pneumonia in, 849 WHO definition of, 764 with behavioral and psychologic symptoms, 799 – 825 agitation in, 802, 803 anxiety in, 806 apathy in, 806 – 807 caregivers in, 818 clinical symptoms of, 802 – 804 delusions and hallucinations in, 803 – 804 depression in, 807 – 808 development of term, 800 – 801 economics of, 818 – 819 environment and, 809 – 810 pharmacologic interventions in, 812 – 818 psychosis in, 812 psychotherapies in, 810 sleep disturbances in, 802 – 803 wandering, 808 – 809 with Lewy bodies, 771 Depression, and anxiety disorders, 672 as psychologic outcome of osteoporosis, 273 – 274 dysthymic, 779 end-of-life care in, 842 – 844 erectile dysfunction in, 532 executive dysfunction in, 784 in ischemic heart disease, antidepressants in, 699 late life, assessment and diagnosis of, 777 – 786 biological risk factors for, 781 – 783 mortality associated with, 781 psychosocial risk factors for, 783 risk factors for, 781 – 783 subsymdromal, 779 treatment of, 783 – 785 palliative care in, 843 – 844 poststroke, antidepressants in, 699 psychotic symptoms and, 684 treatment of, in primary care, 785

862

Cumulative Index / Clin Geriatr Med 19 (2003) 857–873

Dextroamphetamine, in depression, 702 Diabetes, electroconvulsive therapy in, 831 – 832 erectile dysfunction in, 531 new-onset, antipsychotics and, 705 sexual dysfunction and, 568 – 569 sexual function and, 468 Digoxin, sexual function and, 559 Disease, sexuality and, 563 – 573 Diuretics, electroconvulsive therapy and, 833 sexual function and, 557

mechanisms of, 20 – 21 mechanoreceptors and, 21 – 22 pathophysiology of, 227 – 228 pharmacologic treatment of, at end of life, 231 – 234 prevalence of, in elderly, 19 – 20 psychotropic medications in, 31 ratings of, during exercise and aging, 24 sensation of, receptor sites in, 21 – 22 treatment of, 29 – 31 upper extremity resistance training in, 30 ventilatory muuscle training in, 30 – 31

Donepezil, in dementia, 817 Drinking, binge, 748 – 750 and concomitant drug use, 750 continuous, versus intermittent, 743

E Echocardiography, to diagnose pulmonary embolism, 162

Drug(s), adverse reactions to, antipsychotics and, 704 – 705 as cause of erectile dysfunction, 477 oral, in erectile dysfunction, 533 – 534

Ejaculation, disorders of, 531

Drug-drug interactions, 712, 713 Drug therapy, in osteoporosis, 498 – 499 DSM criteria, to assess mood disorders, 777 – 779 Duloxetine, 702 Dysphoria, testosterone and, in men, 608 – 609 Dyspnea, alternative medicine modalities in, 233 assessment of, history and symptom scales in, 228 physical examination and diagnostic testing in, 228 – 229 at end of life, 225 breathing training in, 29 causes of, management considerations and, 229 – 231 characteristics of, 25, 26 chemoreceptors and, 21 chronic, evaluation of, physical findings for, 25 – 26 unexplained, 28 – 29 coping stategies in, 29 – 30 definition of, 19, 225 during normal aging of respiratory system, 8 – 9 efferent impulse of CNS and, 23 elderly patient with, approach to, 24 – 28 evaluation of, in older adults, 19 – 33 exercise training/reconditioning in, 30 in suspected cardiac disease, 28 in suspected respiratory disease, 28 integration/processing in CNS and, 22 intensity of, lung involvement and anxiety and, 225 – 226

Elderly. See Older adults. Electrocardiogram, in pulmonary embolism, 160 Electroconvulsive therapy, adverse effects of, 828, 835 – 836 anesthetic agents for, 834 – 835 caffeine in, 835 cardiovascular agents for, 834 cardiovascular complications of, 835 continuation, 837 contraindications to, 830 electrode placement for, 833 – 834 evaluation prior to, 830 frequency and number of treatments with, 836 – 837 future directions in, 838 headache in, 836 in dementia, 818 in elderly, 827 – 840 in major depression, 828 – 829 in mania, 829 in medical conditions, 830 in schizophrenia, 829 indications for, 826 maintenance, 837 mechanism of action of, 827 – 828 muscle relaxants in, 835 postictal delirium in, 836 premedications for, 834 prolonged apnea in, 835 prolonged seizures with, 835 risks of use of, 831 – 832 Electrolyte disturbances, electroconvulsive therapy in, 832 Embolism, pulmonary. See Pulmonary embolism. Emphysema, senile, 4

Cumulative Index / Clin Geriatr Med 19 (2003) 857–873 End-of-life, management of respiratory symptoms at, 225 – 238

863

End-of-life care, caregiver issues at, 851 – 852 in anxiety, 844 – 845 in delirium, 845 – 848 in dementia, 848 – 851 in depression, 842 – 844 in geriatric psychiatry, 841 – 856 psychologic considerations in, 841 – 842

Exercise(s), and compression fractures, 352, 354, 358 and osteoporosis, 352 – 354 dyspnea rating during, 24 nonstrenuous, in severe osteoporosis, 350 – 351 program of, in osteoporosis, physical examination prior to, 356 – 360 to improve bone mass, 341 to strengthen back, 341

Endocrine disorders, osteoporosis and, 304 – 306

Exercise capacity, during normal aging of respiratory system, 12 – 13

Endotracheal intubation, ventilator-associated pneumonia and, 217 – 218

Exhibitionism, as paraphilia, 631 – 632

Epilepsy, electroconvulsive therapy in, 838 Erectile dysfunction, 529 – 538 and disease, 565 – 566 causes of, in older men, 476 – 477 definition of, 539 epidemiologic aspects and prevalence of, 529 – 530 etiology and treatment of, 539 – 551 etiology of, 541, 543, 544 – 555 evaluation and treatment of, 477 – 478 incidence of, 539 medical conditions associated with, 531, 533, 541 study of, methods in, 540 results of, 540 – 543 treatment of, 533 – 535, 541 – 543 Erection, neural pathways controlling, 474 Eroticism, anal, 634 – 635 Estrogen, deficiency of, following menopause, 464 – 465 impact on bone density, 365 parathyroid hormone and, in osteoporosis, 425 – 426, 427 progestogens with, effect on bone density, 365 use in older women, 617 – 627 Estrogen deficiency, pathophysiology of, on bone metabolism, 364 Estrogen deficiency state, clinical consequences of, 617 – 624 Estrogen preparations, vaginal, 465 – 466 Estrogen/progestin hormone therapy, study of, 495 Estrogen-receptor modulators, selective, 373 – 381 Etidronate, clinical trials of, 403 – 404 current use of, 404 tolerability and side effects of, 404

F Falls, as risk factor for fracture, 251 Family history, as risk for fractures, 251 of patients with osteoporosis, 302 risk for osteoporosis and, 248 Femoral neck fractures, 442 – 444 Femur, distal, supracondylar fractures of, 446 – 448 Fetishes, and paraphilia, 633 – 634 Fist fornication, 635 Fluoride, dietary sources of, 331 excess ingestion of, 331 Follicle stimulating hormone, menopause and, 464 Food and Drug Administration, monitoring of bone mass measurements and, 289 Food groups, effect on bone health, 332 Fracture(s). See also specific sites and types of fractures. as consequence of bone loss, 341 compression, exercise and, 352, 354, 358 in osteoporosis, 343 effects of calcitonin on, 384 effects of salmon nasal spray calcitonin on, 387 – 388 epidemiology of, 249 – 250 falls as risk factor for, 251 family history as risk for, 251 fragility, consequences of, 249 – 250 risk for future fractures and, 301 healing of, and stability of, augmentation of, 439 – 442, 443 intertrochanteric, and sliding hip screw, 444 – 446, 447 location of, diagnostic implications of, 301 – 302

864

Cumulative Index / Clin Geriatr Med 19 (2003) 857–873 management of, clinical strategies in, 442 – 453 in osteoporosis, 438 – 439, 440, 441 postoperative care in, 453 – 456 of ankle, antiglideplate and, 449, 450 of hip. See Hip, fractures of. of proximal humerus, tension band fixation in, 450 – 451, 452 of spine, osteoporosis-related, sedatives and physical therapy in, 346 of wrist, management of, 451 – 452 osteoporosis-related, 437 personal history of, and risk for, 250 – 251 prevention of, 339 probability of, 249 rates of, across ethnicities, NORA data on, 282, 283 reduction of, effects of salmon nasal spray calcitonin on, 389 risk factors for, 250 – 252 risk of, NORA dataset for, 282 prediction of, NORA studies of, 286 – 289 supracondylar, of distal femur, 446 – 448 tibial plateau, lateral, and rafter plate, 448 – 449 vertebral, and long bone, in osteoporosis, orthopedic management of, 437 – 459 in osteoporosis, 452 – 453, 454 – 455 prevention of, hormone replacement therapy in, 366 – 368 vitamin D, and calcium, 327 wedging and compression, osteoporosisrelated, 342, 343

Fregoli syndrome, 806 Frontotemporal dementia, 772

G Galantamine, in dementia, 817 Gas exchange, during normal aging of respiratory system, 9 – 11 Gastrointestinal disorders, in osteoporosis, 307 – 308 Gastrointestinal medications, sexual function and, 559 – 560 Gender, as factor in risk for osteoporosis, 247 Generalized anxiety disorder, prevalence of, 677, 680 Genital herpes, 643 – 644 treatment of, 644

Genital ulcer disease, 643 Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), 665 Geriatric Mental State Schedule (AGECAT), 665 Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, calcitonin in, 390 parathyroid hormone in, 426 Gonococcal cervicitis, 639, 641 Gonococcal infections, treatment for, 638, 639

H Health care, avoidance of, by homosexuals, 591 Health care providers, discussion of sexuality by, 596 health care of homosexuals and, 590 – 591 Heart failure, congestive, advanced care planning in, 226 at end of life, management of, 230 Herpes, genital, 643 – 644 treatment of, 644 Hiccups, at end of life, management of, 235 – 236 pathophysiology of, 234 Hip, fracture(s) of, 363 complications of, 344, 345 diagnosis of, 344 missed, 344 osteoporotic, 496 prevention of, hormone replacement therapy in, 366 – 367 risk factors for, 301 risk of, fractures contributing to, 344 – 345 HIV and AIDS, in older adult, 647 – 652 diagnosis of, 648 – 651 management of, 651 – 652 risk factors for, 647 – 648 in older homosexuals, 589 Home-based mechanical ventilation, 220 Homophobia, as health care barrier to homosexuals, 590 Homosexual(s), older, 587 – 593 behavioral health and, 588 cancer and, 588 – 589 cardiovascular health and, 589 community support for, 592 financial rights of, 591 health care of, barriers to, 590 – 591

Cumulative Index / Clin Geriatr Med 19 (2003) 857–873 health studies and, 587 – 589 HIV and AIDS in, 589 living situation of, 591 mental health and, 588 social support for, 592 unique concerns of, 602 Hormonal changes, with menopause, 464 – 465 Hormone replacement therapy, 469 adverse effects of, 368 – 369 benefit of, for elderly postmenopausal woman, 624 duration of, and impact of withdrawal of, 368 effect on bone mineral density, 364 – 365, 368 effect on incidence of breast cancer, 6 21 – 622 efficacy of, 364 – 368 for prevention of fractures of hip, 366 – 367 for prevention of vertebral fractures, 366 – 368 in perimenopausal syndrome, 491 – 492 in postmenopausal osteoporosis, 363 – 372 risk of Alzheimer’s disease and, 623, 624 Women’s Health Initiative study of, 369 – 370

865

I Incontinence, sexual dysfunction and, 566 Infantilism, paraphilic, 634 Infiltrative disorders, in osteoporosis, 307 Insomnia, 181 – 183 Intermittent positive pressure ventilation, lip seal for, 195, 196 noninvasive, 198 – 199, 200 Internal fixation, in fractures in osteoporosis, 437, 438 Intertrochanteric fractures, and sliding hip screw, 444 – 446, 447 Intracavernosal injection therapy, in erectile dysfunction, 479 – 480 Ischemic heart disease, depression in, antidepressants in, 699 K Kidney disease, psychopharmacology in, 713 – 714 Knee, extensor strength, 340 Kyphosis, in osteoporosis, 343 – 344

Hot flashes, in perimenopausal syndrome, 486 – 487 treatment of, in perimenopausal syndrome, 492 – 493

L Laboratory evaluation, in osteoporosis, 309 – 311

Humerus, proximal, fractures of, tension band fixation in, 450 – 451, 452

L-dopa/carbidopa, electroconvulsive therapy and, 833

Hyperlipidemia, antipsychotics and, 705

Libido, testosterone and, 467, 511 with age, 467

Hyperparathyroidism, primary, parathyroid hormone therapy and, 418 – 420 Hypertension, erectile dysfunction in, 531 – 532, 545 Hyperthyroidism, electroconvulsive therapy in, 832 Hypnotics, 711

Lamotrigine, 710

Life, quality of, and general versus diseasetargeted quality of life scales, 277 and osteoporosis-targeted quality of life scales, 276 – 277 osteoporosis and, 275 – 276 future directions in, 277 – 278 psychosocial outcomes and interventions for, 271 – 280

Hypoglycemic agents, electroconvulsive therapy and, 833

Limbs, periodic movements of, during sleep, 186

Hypogonadism, erectile dysfunction in, 532 – 533, 541, 543 – 545

Lipid-lowering agents, sexual function and, 559

Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, systemic diseases and, 564

Lithium, 707 – 708 electroconvulsive therapy and, 833 in bipolar disorder, 791 – 792 precautions in use of, 791 – 792 side effects of, 708

Hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis, with aging, 510

866

Cumulative Index / Clin Geriatr Med 19 (2003) 857–873

Liver disease, psychopharmacology in, 713 Longitudinal Aging Study (Amsterdam), 779 – 780 Lung(s), cancer of, cell types of, 140 diagnosis of, and screening for, 140 – 145 in elderly, 139 – 155 staging of, 145 – 149 treatment of, in elderly, 149 – 152 chronic obstructive disease of, 40 – 42 embolism of. See Pulmonary embolism. function of, aging and, 23 – 24 in relation to aging, 191 function testing and, 48 – 49 impairment of, definition of, 189 – 191 multifaactorial risk indices and, 46 – 48 postoperative complications of, age as risk factor for, 36 – 39 cigarette use and, 39 – 40 genral health status and, 44 in asthma, 42 obesity and, 42 – 44 patient-related risk factors for, 39 – 44 risk factors for, 49, 50 preoperative assessment of, in older adult, 35 – 55 procedure-related risk factors and, anesthesia as, 45 – 46 neuromuscular blocking agent and, 46 surgery and, 45 Lung scanning, ventilation-perfusion, to diagnose pulmonary embolism, 162 – 163 Lung volumes, during normal aging of respiratory system, 6 – 7 Lymphangitis, carcinomatous, at end of life, management of, 231 M Magnesium, recommended intake of, 330

home-based, 220 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 208, 216 in respiratory failure, 205 Medical illness, anxiety and, 726 – 727 sexual function and, 467 – 469 Medication asistance programs, pharmaceutical company-sponsored, 714 Medications. See also Drug(s). and sexual function, 553 – 562, 601 associated with osteoporosis, 306, 309 for asthma therapy, 66 – 70 Men, disorders of sexual function in, 473 – 482 Menopause, 483 – 504 average age of, 484 clinical approach to, 485 estrogen deficiency following, 464 – 465 follicle stimulating hormone and, 464 hormonal changes with, 464 – 465 induced, 483 natural, 483 pathophysiology of, 484 – 485 symptoms of, impacting sexual function, 465 – 467 transition to, 483 Mental disorders, implications of, for geriatric medicine, 688 late-life, epidemiology of, 663 – 696 prevalence of, 664 – 668 Methylphenidate, in depression, 702 Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), 665 Mirtazapine, in depression, 702 Mood and sleep disorders, treatment of, in perimenopausal syndrome, 494 Mood disorders, categories of, 779 in older populations, prevalence of, 666 – 667, 668 – 672 in perimenopausal syndrome, 489 – 490 late life, 777 – 797

Magnetic resonance imaging, to diagnose pulmonary embolism, 161 – 162

Mood stabilizers, 707 – 708

Major depressive disorder, 779

Movement disorders, induced by antipsychotics, 703 – 704

Malignancies, in osteoporosis, 307 Mania, electroconvulsive therapy in, 829 Manic episode(s), criteria for, 787 differential diagnosis of, 789 – 790 MAOIs, in depression, 702 Masturbation, and paraphilia, 632 Mechanical ventilation, acute respiratory distress syndrome and, 209, 211 costs of, in elderly patients, 216 – 217

Muscle(s), bulbar, weakness of, causes of, 190 Muscle fibers, reduction of, in aging, 352 Muscle loss, osteoporosis and, 339 – 341 Muscular dysfunction, elderly patients with, pulmonary physical medicine interventions for, 189 – 204 Musculoskeletal disorders, sexual function and, 468

Cumulative Index / Clin Geriatr Med 19 (2003) 857–873 N National Osteoporosis Foundation, 245 National Osteoporosis Risk Assessment, fracture rates across ethnicities and, 282, 283 prediction of risk of fracture and, 286, 287 prevalence of WHO-defined osteoporosis and, 283, 285 risk for fracture, 282 Nefazodone, in depression, 703 Nepiophilia, 634 Nervous system, central, sexual function and, 553 peripheral, sexual function and, 553 – 554 Neuroleptic drugs, sexual function and, 556 Neurological disease, as cause of erectile dysfunction, 476 – 477 Nortriptyline, 701 Nursing home(s), inappropriate sexual behavior in, 581 – 582 lack of privacy in, 578 – 579 residents of, sexual interest and attitudes among, 576 – 578 sex and, 575 – 586 ethical, legal, and moral issues, 582 – 583 lack of partner and, 579 medical director and staff of, implications of sexual behavior and, 583 – 584 sexual expression in, barriers to, 578 – 581 sexually transmitted diseases in elderly in, 652 – 653 staff and resident attitudes toward sex in, 579 – 581 Nutrition, good, effect on bone, 331 – 332

O Obesity, postoperative pulmonary complications and, 42 – 44 Olanzapine, 706, 707, 713 Older adults, evaluation of dyspnea in, 19 – 33 Opioids, in dyspnea, 233 sexual function and, 560 Orthopedic management, in fractures of vertebrae and long bone, 437 – 459 Orthoses, and osteoporotic spine, 348 – 349, 354 – 356

867

Osteoporosis, acute pain in, management of, 345, 346 and fractures, in geriatric medicine, epidemiology of, 245 – 258 and quality of life, 275 – 276 future directions in, 277 – 278 psychosocial outcomes and interventions for, 271 – 280 biphosphonate treatment of, 397 – 416 calcium intake and, 497 – 498 clinical evaluation of, 299 – 321 compression fractures in, 343 connective tissue disorders and, 306 – 307 constitutional symptoms of, 302 – 303 definition of, 363 diagnosis of, by WHO criteria, 281 – 286 endocrine disorders and, 304 – 306 evaluation of, balance strategies in, 342, 343 exercise and, 352 – 354 exercise program in, physical examination prior to, 356 – 360 family history of patients with, 302 fracture management in, 438 – 439, 440, 441 fractures related to, 437 gastrointestinal disorders and, 307 – 308 glucocorticoid-induced, calcitonin in, 390 parathyroid hormone in, 426 idiopathic, in men, effects of salmon nasal spray calcitonin on, 389 – 390 in older woman, treatment of, 383 – 384 kyphosis in, 343 – 344 laboratory evaluation in, 309 – 311 male, 313 – 315 bone density measurements in, 314 etiologies of, 314 parathyroid hormone therapy in, 423 – 425 treatment of, 314 – 315 malignancies and infiltrative disorders and, 307 medical history of patients with, 299 – 303 muscle loss and, 339 – 341 nonpharmacologic interventions in, 339 – 361 of spine, orthoses and, 348 – 349, 354 – 356 parathyroid hormone and alendronate in, 428 parathyroid hormone and estrogen in, 425 – 426, 427 parathyroid hormone as anabolic therapy for, 417 – 418 physical examination in, 303 – 304 postfracture rehabilitation in, 346, 349 – 351

868

Cumulative Index / Clin Geriatr Med 19 (2003) 857–873 postmenopausal, 496 calcitonin in treatment of, 392 – 393 hormone replacement therapy for, 363 – 372 injectable calcitonin in, 384 parathyroid hormone monotherapy in, 422 – 423 salmon nasal spray calcitonin in, 384 – 389 postural changes in, 353 – 354, 358 psychologic outcome of, depression as, 273 – 274 psychosocial consequences of, studies of, 272 – 273 quality of life scales targeted to, 276 – 277 radiologic and scintigraphic evaluation in, 311 – 313 rehabilitative measures in, 356 – 360 renal disorders and, 308 – 309 risk factors for, 246 – 248, 300 secondary, differential diagnosis of, 304 – 309 evaluation of, 312 signs of, 300 severe, 348 – 349 nonstrenuous exercise in, 350 – 351 social factors and, 274 – 275 social history of patients with, 302 spinal fractures related to, sedatives and physical therapy in, 346 symptomatic, 343 – 344 vertebral and long bone fractures in, orthopedic management of, 437 – 459 vertebral fractures in, 452 – 453, 454 – 455 wedging and compression fractures related to, 342, 343 WHO-defined, prevalence of, NORA data on, 283, 285

Ostomies, sexual dysfunction and, 567 Oxcarbazepine, 709 Oxygen therapy, in dyspnea, 232 – 233

P Pain, electroconvulsive therapy in, 838 Palliative care, in depression, 843 – 844 Pamidronate, clinical trials of, 405 current use of, 405 tolerability and side effects of, 405 Panic disorder, 724 – 725 prevalence of, 680

Paraphilia(s), and aging, 629 – 636 body positioning and, 631 exhibitionism and voyeurism as, 631 – 632 fetishes and, 633 – 634 masturbation and, 632 methods of expressing, 630 physical traits and, 631 sexual bondage as, 632 – 633 sexual excitement and, 630 – 631 types of, 629 Parathyroid hormone, and alendronate, in osteoporosis, 428 and estrogen, in osteoporosis, 425 – 426, 427 animal studies of, on bone mass, 420 – 421 as anabolic therapy for osteoporosis, 417 – 418 clinical trials with, 421 – 422 combination therapy with, 425 – 426 in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, 426 osteoporosis and, 500 safety concerns and, 429 – 430 withdrawal of, effects on bone mass, 428 – 429 Parathyroid hormone monotherapy, in postmenopausal osteoporosis, 422 – 423 Parathyroid hormone therapy, anabolic effects of, 417 – 435 and primary hyperparathyroidism, 418 – 420 in men with osteoporosis, 423 – 425 Parkinson dementia, 771 – 772 Parkinson disease, electroconvulsive therapy in, 838 psychopharmacology in, 712 – 713 restrictive pulmonary syndrome in, 193 sexual dysfunction and, 570 Pedophilia, 635 – 636 Penile implants, in erectile dysfunction, 535 Penis, anatomy of, 473 – 474 smooth muscle relaxation in, 475 Pericardial effusion/tamponade, at end of life, management of, 230 Perimenopausal syndrome, clinical features of, 486 – 490 evaluation in, 490 management of, 491 – 494 PGE1, intraurethral, in erectile dysfunction, 480 Phantom border syndrome, 805

Cumulative Index / Clin Geriatr Med 19 (2003) 857–873 Pharmacodynamics, age-related changes in, 697 – 698 Pharmacokinetics, age-related changes in, 697 – 698 Pharmacological interventions, in erectile dysfunction, 479 Phobias, 725 Phobic disorder, prevalence of, 680 Phosphorus, deficiency of, 328 intake of, 328 Physical activity score, and musculoskeletal health, 341 Physical examination, prior to exercise program in osteoporosis, 356 – 360 Physical medicine interventions, pulmonary, for elderly patients with muscular dysfunction, 189 – 204 Pleural effusions, at end of life, management of, 229 – 230 Pneumonia, aging and, 102 – 103 community-acquired, in elderly, 101 – 120 bacteriology of, 110 – 113 clinical features of, 105 – 107 drug-resistant S. pneumoniae and, 112 – 113 need for hospitalization in, 107 – 109 need for ICU admission in, 109 – 110 patient assessment in, 107 – 110 prevention of, 116 – 118 risk factors for, 103 – 105 therapy of, 113 – 116 mechanical ventilation and, 215 ventilator-associated, endotracheal intubation-associated, 217 – 218 Positron emission tomography, in lung cancer, 145

prevalence of, 664 – 668 projected increase in, 688 – 689 sampling issues in, 668 Psychiatry, geriatric, end-of-life care in, 841 – 856 Psychogenic causes, of erectile dysfunction, 477 Psychopharmacologic agents, use in elderly, 697 – 719 Psychosis, of Alzheimer disease, 805 – 806 and of schizophrenia, compared, 804, 805 diagnostic criteria for, 805 Psychotherapeutic medications, sexual function and, 554 – 556 Psychotic symptoms, and depression, 684 in community populations, 683 Psychotropic agents, in dyspnea, 233 Pulmonary embolism, diagnosis and treatment of, in elderly, 157 – 175 diagnosis of, 159 – 164, 170 – 171 pathophysiology of, 157 risk factors for, 157 – 158 signs and symptoms of, 158 – 159 surgical management of, 168 – 169 therapy of, 164 – 169 Pulmonary function testing, 48 – 49 Pulmonary syndrome, restrictive. See Restrictive pulmonary syndrome.

Q Quality of life scales, general versus diseasetargeted, 277 osteoporosis-targeted, 276 – 277 Quetiapine, 706 in dementia, 816

Post-traumatic stress disorder, 725 – 726 Poststroke depression, antidepressants in, 699 Posture, changes in, in osteoporosis, 353 – 354, 358 Prevent Recurrence of Osteoporotic Fracture trial, 385, 388 strengths and limitations of nasal spray calcitonin studied in, 388 Protein, intake of, and bone mineral density, 327 – 328 Psychiatric disorders, case definition of, 665 – 668 defining prevalence of, 668

869

R Race/ethnicity, as factor in risk for osteoporosis, 247 Radiologic evaluation, in osteoporosis, 311 – 313 Raloxifene, skeletal effects of, 375 – 376 systemic effects of, 376 – 377 Rehabilitation, in osteoporosis, 356 – 360 in symptomatic fragile skeleton, 344 – 360 postfracture, in osteoporosis, 346, 349 – 351

870

Cumulative Index / Clin Geriatr Med 19 (2003) 857–873

Renal disease, psychopharmacology in, 713 Renal disorders, in osteoporosis, 308 – 309 Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, 838 Respiratory disease, suspected, dyspnea in, 28 Respiratory distress syndrome, acute, mechanical ventilation and, 209, 211 outcome of, patient age and, 211, 212 – 215 Respiratory failure, chronic, in elderly patients, 218 – 220 in elderly patients, 205 – 224 age-related predisposition to, 206 – 207 causes of, 207 – 210 management issues in, 217 – 218 Respiratory management, perioperative, 49 – 51 Respiratory morbidity, causes of, 189 Respiratory system, normative aging of, 1 – 18 adrenergic system in, 12 alveolar-capillary membrane in, 10 anatomic evidence of, 4 autonomic system and, 11 – 12 blood gas values and, 10 – 11 cholinergic system in, 11 – 12 cough reflex during, 9 dyspnea and control of breathing in, 8–9 exercise capacity during, 12 – 13 function in, 5 – 9 gas exchange in, 9 – 12 lung-thorax mechanics in, 6 lung volumes and ventilatory flow rates in, 6 – 7 muscle function in, 5 – 6 ventilation-perfusion matching in, 9 – 10 Respiratory systems, management of, at end of life, 225 – 238 Restrictive pulmonary syndrome, assisted coughing in, 199 – 200, 201 clinical characteristics of, 191 evaluation in, 194 – 196 in CNS disorders, 193 in mechanical dysfunction of chest wall, 191 – 192 in Parkinson disease, 193 maintenance of alveolar ventilation in, 197 – 199 maintenance of pulmonary compliance in, 197 management in, 196 – 197 oximetry feedback in, 200 – 201 pathophysiology of, 191 – 194 perioperative considerations in, 201 – 202

respiratory muscle exercise in, 201 vital capacity in, 192, 195 Risedronate, clinical trials of, 401 – 402 current use of, 403 tolerability and side effects of, 403 Risperidone, 705 – 706, 713 Rivastigmine, in dementia, 817

S Safe sex, for older patients, 599 – 600 Salt, calcium excretion and, 328 SAMP8 mouse, as model of Alzheimer’s disease, 514, 609 Sarcopenia, age-related, 352, 353 Schizophrenia, 681 – 684 and Alzheimer disease, psychosis of, compared, 804, 805 early-onset, 683 electroconvulsive therapy in, 829 late-onset, 683 social isolation and, 684 Scintigraphic evaluation, in osteoporosis, 311 – 313 Seizure disorders, electroconvulsive therapy in, 832 Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, 701 serotonin withdrawal syndrome and, 701 Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, 701 – 702 Serotonin reuptake inhibitors, sexual function and, 555 Serotonin withdrawal syndrome, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and, 701 Sertraline, 698 Sex, and nursing home, 575 – 586 ethical, legal, and moral issues associated with, 582 – 583 lack of partner and, 579 attitudes toward, among nursing home staff and residents, 579 – 581 interest in, attitudes toward, among nursing home residents, 576 – 578 safe, for older patients, 599 – 600 Sex hormone binding globulin, 465 Sex hormones, deficiency of, as factor in risk for osteoporosis, 247 – 248 Sexual behavior, inappropriate, in nursing homes, 581 – 582

Cumulative Index / Clin Geriatr Med 19 (2003) 857–873 Sexual bondage, as paraphilia, 632 – 633 Sexual desire, hypoactive, 530 – 531 Sexual dysfunction, caused by antidepressants, 700 in perimenopausal syndrome, 488 pathophysiology of, 476 – 477 treatment of, 478 – 480 in perimenopausal syndrome, 494 Sexual excitement, and paraphilia, 630 – 631 Sexual function, and older woman, 463 – 471 optimizing of, 469 decline of, 463 factors influencing, 463 male, disorders of, 473 – 482 physiology of, 473 – 476 medical illness and, 467 – 469 medications and, 553 – 562, 601 menopausal symptoms impacting, 465 – 467 postmenopausal state and, 464 systems mediating, 553 – 554 Sexual relationships, in elderly, assessment of, 598 Sexuality, and aging, treatment of older adults and, 595 – 597 and disease, 563 – 573 cognitive impairment and, 602 in older person, counseling about, 595 – 604 referrals and, 603 Sexually transmitted diseases, 637 – 655 in elderly, 638 – 653 in nursing home, 652 – 653

871

periodic limb movements during, 186 poor, in elderly population, causes of, 182 REM, 177 behavior disorder of, 186 – 187 sleep-disordered breathing during, 183 – 185 staging of, in sleep medicine, 178 – 180 Sleep hypnogram, 180 Smoking, addiction to nicotine and, 85 – 86 bone mineral density and, 248, 251 cessation of, approach to, 86 – 87 of author, 87 – 95 in elderly, 77 – 100 obstacles to, 82 – 86 habituation and, 84 medical consequences of, 39 – 40, 79 misinformation concerning, 83 – 84 pleasure and, 85 problem of, scope of, 78 – 82 stress and, 84 – 85 Spine, fractures of, osteoporosis-related, sedatives and physical therapy in, 346 osteoporotic, orthoses and, 348 – 349, 354 – 356 Stroke, sexual function and, 468 Suicide, methods of, 688 rates of, 687 – 688 risk factors for, 688, 780 Superior vena cava syndrome, at end of life, management of, 229 Supracondylar fractures, of distal femur, 446 – 448

Short Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test, 751

Swallowing difficulties, in elderly, antidepressants in, 699 – 700

Siding hip screw, intertrochanteric fractures and, 444 – 446, 447

Sympatholytic agents, sexual function and, 557

Sildenafil, in erectile dysfunction, 479, 533 – 534, 542 – 543, 547

Syphilis, 645 – 647 clinical manifestations of, 645, 646 treatment of, 646, 647

Skeletal aging, in estrogen deficiency, 619 – 621

Systemic disease, in men, testosterone in, 563 – 565

Skeleton, symptomatic fragile, rehabilitation management of, 344 – 360 Skin, accelerated aging of, in estrogen deficiency, 621 Sleep, architecture, 180 in elderly adults, 177 – 188 in perimenopausal syndrome, 489 monitoring of, 177 – 178 non-REM, 177 normal, in elderly population, 180 – 181 stages of, 177, 179

T Tamoxifen, adverse effects of, 375 skeletal effects of, 373 – 374 systemic effects of, 374 – 375 Tension band fixation, in fractures of proximal humerus, 450 – 451, 452 Testosterone, and behavior, 605 – 616 in older men, 606 – 607 in older women, 605 – 606, 611

872

Cumulative Index / Clin Geriatr Med 19 (2003) 857–873 and dysphoria, in men, 608 – 609 and libido, 467 behavioral effects of, 512 – 514, 515 decline of, with aging, 508 – 509 deficiency of, 507 effects of, 511 – 517 in systemic disease, in men, 563 – 565 measurement of, 517 – 518, 520 sexuality and, in older men, 611

Testosterone replacement therapy, 520 – 521, 546 in cognitive problems in men, 609 – 610 in erectile dysfunction, 480 side effects of, 516 – 517, 519 Theophylline, electroconvulsive therapy and, 832 Thoracolumbar support, to prevent stooping, 357, 359 Thromboemboli, medical management of, 165 – 167 Thrombolysis, in pulmonary embolism, 167 – 168 Thrombosis, deep venous, prevention of, 164 pulmonary embolism and, 161 Tibial plateau fracture, lateral, and rafter plate, 448 – 449 Tiludronate, 405

Urogenital atrophy, in estrogen deficiency, 617 – 618 Urogenital symptoms, in perimenopausal syndrome, 487

V Vacuum constriction devices, in erectile dysfunction, 535, 546 Vacuum erection devices, in erectile dysfunction, 479 Vaginitis, 639 – 640, 641 atrophic, treatment of, in perimenopausal syndrome, 493 Vaginosis, bacterial, 641 – 642 Valproate, 708 – 709 in bipolar disorder, 792 – 793 Vascular dementia, 770 – 771 Vascular disease, as cause of erectile dysfunction, in older men, 476 Vascular system, sexual function and, 554 Vasoactive agents, in erectile dysfunction, 534, 546 – 547 Vasodilators, sexual function and, 558

Topiramate, 709

Vena caval filters, in pulmonary embolism, 168 – 169

Trazodone, in dementia, 816 – 817 in depression, 703

Venlafaxine, 701

Trichomoniasis, 640

Ventilation, mechanical. See Mechanical ventilation.

Tricyclic antidepressants, 700 – 701

Ventilator, weaning from, 218 – 220

Tuberculin skin testing, 121, 123 – 126

Ventilator-associated pneumonia, endotracheal intubation-associated, 217 – 218

Tuberculosis, active disease, treatment of, 133 – 136 clinical manifestations of, 126 – 129 diagnosis of, 129 – 131 epidemiology of, 122 – 123 in elderly, 121 – 138 latent infection, treatment of, 131 – 133 treatment of, 131 – 136

Ventilatory flow rates, during normal aging of respiratory system, 6 – 7 Ventilatory support, liberation from, age and outcomes of, 210 – 217 Vertebral fractures. See Fracture(s), vertebral. Vitamin A, dietary allowance of, 330 risk of fracture and, 330 Vitamin C, dietary sources of, 330

U Ulcer disease, genital, 643 Urethritis, in men, 638 – 639 Urinary incontinence, treatment of, in perimenopausal syndrome, 493 – 494

Vitamin D, and bone mass, 327 calcium, and fractures, 327 and nutrition, in elderly adults, 323 – 337 deficiency of, 326 intake of, recommendations for, 326 – 327 synthesis of, 326

Cumulative Index / Clin Geriatr Med 19 (2003) 857–873 Vitamin K, deficiency of, 329 functions of, 329 supplementation of, 329 Voyeurism, as paraphilia, 631 – 632 Vulvovaginal candidiasis, 642 – 643

W Weight gain, antipsychotics and, 704 – 705 Woman(Women), older, sexual function and, 463 – 471 optimizing of, 469 use of estrogen in, 617 – 627 postmenopausal, elderly, management of, 624 Women’s Health Initiative, hormone replacement therapy study of, 369 – 370

873

World Health Organization, criteria for devices for bone mass measurements, 282 – 283, 284 diagnosis of osteoporosis, 281 – 286 Wrist, fractures of, management of, 451 – 452

Y Yohimbine, in erectile dysfunction, 547

Z Zaleplon, 711 Ziprasidone, 706 Zoledronate, 406 Zoledronic acid, 406 Zolpidem, 711