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Density measurements of Argonne Premium coal samples
01
Solid fuels
winning, properties)
(sources,
Characterization of coal by matrix-assisted laser 95102253 desorptlon lonlzatlon mass spectrometry. I. The Argonne coal samples Herod, A. A. et al., Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 1994, 8, (lo), 808-814. Reports on a study of Argonne coals by matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer equipped with a nitrogen laser at 337 nm, using sinapinic acid as matrix. The coal article size was less than 5 u. The characteristics of MALDI-MS spectra o P the set of coals were found to be rank-related; desorption from high-rank coals was found to take place with greater relative ease than from low-rank coals. Two major features were found in all spectra: a homologous series of peaks in the 200-500 u mass range and an intense peak between 1000 and 5000 u, the particular shape of the peak depending on coal rank.
01 SOLID FUELS Sources, Winning,
Properties
95102240 Absolute hydrogen heavy dlstlllate samples
determination
Kottenstette, R. J. et al,, Prepr. Pap.-Am. 1994, 39, (3), 791-795.
In coal-derlved
Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem.,
Elemental hydrogen determination giving sample repeatability ~0.1 wt.% at the 10 wt.% level have not been demonstrated with either the combustion of ‘H-NMR technique. However, excellent correlation has been achieved between the combustion method and the ‘H-NMR method, giving results for mode1 compounds which are quite good.
95102249 C-NEXAFS mlcroanalysls and scanning X-ra mlcrosco y of mlcroheterogeneltles In a hlgh-volatile A bltum nous coa P Cody, G. D. et al.,
Energy & Fuels, Jan.-Feb.
r-
1995, 9, (l), 75-83.
Carbon near-edge X-ray absorption microanalysis was applied to the study of the chemistry of macerals in ultrathin sections of a high-volatile A bituminous coal. High-resolution ima es were obtained b exploiting variations in the intensity of carbon-e I!ge fine structure fvor contrast. The macerals vitrinite, cutinite, and sporinite were distinguishable based on the relative intensities of two prominent absorption bands.
95102250
Carbonlzatlon
Kumar, M. and Gupta, 103-109.
R. C.
study of Dhanbad
non-coking
coal
Trans. Indian Inst. Met., 1994, 47, (2),
Discusses the effect of carbonization temperature of coal on the properties of resultant semicokes prepared from Dhanbad (India) non-coking coal at four different temperatures (400, 600, 800, and 10000) which were characterized for their chemical, physical, electrical, and structural properties. The carbon content, in eneral, increased, and the hydrogen content and calorific value decrease b. with Increasing semicoke formation temperature. The true specific gravity of semicoke increased with increasing carbonization temperature of its parent coal. Total porosity initially increased with increasing carbonization temperature up to 400” and thereafter decreased.
95102251 Catal Ic h drogenatlon stltuents ot an ItaL lhnlte Men&i,
In the ldentlflcatlon
of con-
G. et al., Fuel, Mar. 1995, 74, (3), 426-430.
The terpene content of an Italian lignite was investigated by catalytic hydrogenation of its steam distillate and some reference terpenes. G.c. and g.c.-m.s. analyses of hydrogenated crudes confirmed previous identifications and revealed intermedtate structures formed by partial reduction and the presence of bicyclic diterpenes with MW 278. Of the reference terpenes used for comparison with 210 MW sesquiterpene, elemane matched it in R, and mass spectrum. Other identifed compounds were some polysubstituted tricyclic diterpenes. Su gestions of an orgin in the cupressaceae family could not be confirmed, $ ecause of the absence of cuparene and other compounds. Presence of elemane is not easy to ex lain, but suggestions are made, and its recent discovery in another fossil o F a known but extinct species makes it possible to assign the lignite to a similar species.
95102252 oxidation Calemma,
Changes at moderate
In optical propettles temperature
of coals durlng
air
V. et al., Fuel, Mar. 199.5, 74, (3), 383-388.
Montana Rosebund coal and North Dakota lignite has been oxidized in a fluidized bed reactor at 2OO”C, with air at 0.2, 0.6 and 1 MPa for reaction times up to 4h. Oxidized samples were analysed by reflected light microscopy to investigate the variation of reflectance, formation of rims and changes in maceral morphology. The most remarkable changes concerned the vitrinite. Exinite exhibited an increase of reflectance, but this was not measurable owing to the small size of the fragments. The results indicate that the increase of reflectance at 200°C is only partially dependent on chemical changes caused by oxidation. Data show the existence of a threshold oxidation degree, beyond which the reflectance is not affected by further chemical changes occurring in the coal structure.
170
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
May 1995
XlE5” Speight, J. G.
The chemistry
and technology
Marcel Dekker, New York, $195.00,
of coal.
Second
1994, 664 pp.
95102255 Combining geostatlstlcs and slmulatlon to predict sulfur at a central llllnols coal mine Murphy, T. D. and Brown, K. E. Trans. Sot. Min. Metall. Explor., 1994, 294, 284-287. Discusses how at the Monterey Coal’s No. 1 Mine in central Illinois, it became necessary to predict if the sulphur content of individual trainloads of coal would exceed a contract sulphur maximum. Using geostatistics and Monte Carlo-ty simulations, a forecasting procedure was developed, which predicts tK”e monthly mean sulphur wntent of the coal shipped and the probability of individual shi ments exceeding the contract limit. It was found during the first five mont g s of the procedure, the forecasted monthly mean sulphur value was within 0.03% of actual.
95102256 Comparlson of several contemporary lonlzstlonlmass analyzer techniques tar large components of complex fossll-dsrlved materials Hunt, J. E. and Winans, R. E. Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Gem., 1994, 39, (3), 831-834. The mass spectra showed different molecular weight distributions, but similar ion series. In general laser desorption (LD), deso tion chemical ionization (DCI), and deso tion electron ionization lower distributions. Furt‘g ermore, the ions present tra are directly comparable, while LD and DE1 produce different ion distributions. Information on neutrals is available from LD-photoionization.
95102257 Decreases In the swelling and poroslty of bltumlnous coals durlng devolatlllzatlon at hlgh heating rates Gale, T. K. et al., Combustion & Flame, Jan. 1995, 100, (l), 94-100. Concern about comparability and validity of different methods for producing coal chars for reactivity experiments has led to research and the effect of devolatilization conditions on the char physical and chemical structure. Particle diameter and porosity changes durmg devolatilization significantly affect char oxidation rates. In articular hysical properties of chars prepared in drop tube reactors dtf.P er greatly ?Prom chars prepared in flat flame burner experiments. Recent data indicate that the presence of oxygen in the gas atmosphere has no effect on swelling until char oxidation has begun.
95102256 Density measurements of Argonne Premium coal samples Huang, H. et al., Energy & Fuels, Jan.-Feb. 1995, 9, (l), 20-24. The densities of the Argonne Premium coal samples were measured using Ha, He, and a H -He mixture (49.13 vol % of H, in He) in a gas pycnometer. Significant d.tfferences between the apparent hydrogen densities and helium densities were observed. The larger Ha densities observed in the tests are attributed to H, gas adsorption/absorption on coal. The H, gas adsorption coefficient increases with increasing carbon content. The ‘true’ or intrinsic densities of coals extrapolated from plots of the measured density versus H, gas partial pressure are very close to the He-densities. The organic coal density (dmmf coal density) was obtained after a correction for the mineral matter in the coals.
95102259 components
Determlnatlon and analysls In coal at low temperature
of oxldatlon-prone
Jiang, C. Xiangtan Kuangye Xueyuan Xuebao, 1994, 9, (l), 8-14. (In Chinese) Describes how the oxidation-prone corn onents were verified, i.e. resins, by oxidizing raw coal and its extract at Pow temperature.
Solid fuels
winning, properties)
(sources,
Characterization of coal by matrix-assisted laser 95102253 desorptlon lonlzatlon mass spectrometry. I. The Argonne coal samples Herod, A. A. et al., Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 1994, 8, (lo), 808-814. Reports on a study of Argonne coals by matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer equipped with a nitrogen laser at 337 nm, using sinapinic acid as matrix. The coal article size was less than 5 u. The characteristics of MALDI-MS spectra o P the set of coals were found to be rank-related; desorption from high-rank coals was found to take place with greater relative ease than from low-rank coals. Two major features were found in all spectra: a homologous series of peaks in the 200-500 u mass range and an intense peak between 1000 and 5000 u, the particular shape of the peak depending on coal rank.
01 SOLID FUELS Sources, Winning,
Properties
95102240 Absolute hydrogen heavy dlstlllate samples
determination
Kottenstette, R. J. et al,, Prepr. Pap.-Am. 1994, 39, (3), 791-795.
In coal-derlved
Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem.,
Elemental hydrogen determination giving sample repeatability ~0.1 wt.% at the 10 wt.% level have not been demonstrated with either the combustion of ‘H-NMR technique. However, excellent correlation has been achieved between the combustion method and the ‘H-NMR method, giving results for mode1 compounds which are quite good.
95102249 C-NEXAFS mlcroanalysls and scanning X-ra mlcrosco y of mlcroheterogeneltles In a hlgh-volatile A bltum nous coa P Cody, G. D. et al.,
Energy & Fuels, Jan.-Feb.
r-
1995, 9, (l), 75-83.
Carbon near-edge X-ray absorption microanalysis was applied to the study of the chemistry of macerals in ultrathin sections of a high-volatile A bituminous coal. High-resolution ima es were obtained b exploiting variations in the intensity of carbon-e I!ge fine structure fvor contrast. The macerals vitrinite, cutinite, and sporinite were distinguishable based on the relative intensities of two prominent absorption bands.
95102250
Carbonlzatlon
Kumar, M. and Gupta, 103-109.
R. C.
study of Dhanbad
non-coking
coal
Trans. Indian Inst. Met., 1994, 47, (2),
Discusses the effect of carbonization temperature of coal on the properties of resultant semicokes prepared from Dhanbad (India) non-coking coal at four different temperatures (400, 600, 800, and 10000) which were characterized for their chemical, physical, electrical, and structural properties. The carbon content, in eneral, increased, and the hydrogen content and calorific value decrease b. with Increasing semicoke formation temperature. The true specific gravity of semicoke increased with increasing carbonization temperature of its parent coal. Total porosity initially increased with increasing carbonization temperature up to 400” and thereafter decreased.
95102251 Catal Ic h drogenatlon stltuents ot an ItaL lhnlte Men&i,
In the ldentlflcatlon
of con-
G. et al., Fuel, Mar. 1995, 74, (3), 426-430.
The terpene content of an Italian lignite was investigated by catalytic hydrogenation of its steam distillate and some reference terpenes. G.c. and g.c.-m.s. analyses of hydrogenated crudes confirmed previous identifications and revealed intermedtate structures formed by partial reduction and the presence of bicyclic diterpenes with MW 278. Of the reference terpenes used for comparison with 210 MW sesquiterpene, elemane matched it in R, and mass spectrum. Other identifed compounds were some polysubstituted tricyclic diterpenes. Su gestions of an orgin in the cupressaceae family could not be confirmed, $ ecause of the absence of cuparene and other compounds. Presence of elemane is not easy to ex lain, but suggestions are made, and its recent discovery in another fossil o F a known but extinct species makes it possible to assign the lignite to a similar species.
95102252 oxidation Calemma,
Changes at moderate
In optical propettles temperature
of coals durlng
air
V. et al., Fuel, Mar. 199.5, 74, (3), 383-388.
Montana Rosebund coal and North Dakota lignite has been oxidized in a fluidized bed reactor at 2OO”C, with air at 0.2, 0.6 and 1 MPa for reaction times up to 4h. Oxidized samples were analysed by reflected light microscopy to investigate the variation of reflectance, formation of rims and changes in maceral morphology. The most remarkable changes concerned the vitrinite. Exinite exhibited an increase of reflectance, but this was not measurable owing to the small size of the fragments. The results indicate that the increase of reflectance at 200°C is only partially dependent on chemical changes caused by oxidation. Data show the existence of a threshold oxidation degree, beyond which the reflectance is not affected by further chemical changes occurring in the coal structure.
170
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
May 1995
XlE5” Speight, J. G.
The chemistry
and technology
Marcel Dekker, New York, $195.00,
of coal.
Second
1994, 664 pp.
95102255 Combining geostatlstlcs and slmulatlon to predict sulfur at a central llllnols coal mine Murphy, T. D. and Brown, K. E. Trans. Sot. Min. Metall. Explor., 1994, 294, 284-287. Discusses how at the Monterey Coal’s No. 1 Mine in central Illinois, it became necessary to predict if the sulphur content of individual trainloads of coal would exceed a contract sulphur maximum. Using geostatistics and Monte Carlo-ty simulations, a forecasting procedure was developed, which predicts tK”e monthly mean sulphur wntent of the coal shipped and the probability of individual shi ments exceeding the contract limit. It was found during the first five mont g s of the procedure, the forecasted monthly mean sulphur value was within 0.03% of actual.
95102256 Comparlson of several contemporary lonlzstlonlmass analyzer techniques tar large components of complex fossll-dsrlved materials Hunt, J. E. and Winans, R. E. Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Gem., 1994, 39, (3), 831-834. The mass spectra showed different molecular weight distributions, but similar ion series. In general laser desorption (LD), deso tion chemical ionization (DCI), and deso tion electron ionization lower distributions. Furt‘g ermore, the ions present tra are directly comparable, while LD and DE1 produce different ion distributions. Information on neutrals is available from LD-photoionization.
95102257 Decreases In the swelling and poroslty of bltumlnous coals durlng devolatlllzatlon at hlgh heating rates Gale, T. K. et al., Combustion & Flame, Jan. 1995, 100, (l), 94-100. Concern about comparability and validity of different methods for producing coal chars for reactivity experiments has led to research and the effect of devolatilization conditions on the char physical and chemical structure. Particle diameter and porosity changes durmg devolatilization significantly affect char oxidation rates. In articular hysical properties of chars prepared in drop tube reactors dtf.P er greatly ?Prom chars prepared in flat flame burner experiments. Recent data indicate that the presence of oxygen in the gas atmosphere has no effect on swelling until char oxidation has begun.
95102256 Density measurements of Argonne Premium coal samples Huang, H. et al., Energy & Fuels, Jan.-Feb. 1995, 9, (l), 20-24. The densities of the Argonne Premium coal samples were measured using Ha, He, and a H -He mixture (49.13 vol % of H, in He) in a gas pycnometer. Significant d.tfferences between the apparent hydrogen densities and helium densities were observed. The larger Ha densities observed in the tests are attributed to H, gas adsorption/absorption on coal. The H, gas adsorption coefficient increases with increasing carbon content. The ‘true’ or intrinsic densities of coals extrapolated from plots of the measured density versus H, gas partial pressure are very close to the He-densities. The organic coal density (dmmf coal density) was obtained after a correction for the mineral matter in the coals.
95102259 components
Determlnatlon and analysls In coal at low temperature
of oxldatlon-prone
Jiang, C. Xiangtan Kuangye Xueyuan Xuebao, 1994, 9, (l), 8-14. (In Chinese) Describes how the oxidation-prone corn onents were verified, i.e. resins, by oxidizing raw coal and its extract at Pow temperature.