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Dental surgery and pathology
t28
PIJBLIC I[F.ALTH, May,
normal variations which may cause anxiety to parents and, if improperly managed, suffering to the child. T h e first section of the book deals with the all-inlportant p r o b l e m s of infant f e e d i n g ; why breast-feeding should be encouraged and h o w it can be accomplished with avoidance of certain difficulties. D e m a n d feeding in the early weeks is viewed with c o m m o n - s e n s e perspective. I n Section 2 on " Physical Problems " the assessment of physical development is discussed with emphasis on individual variations and considerations of the interpretation of m e a s u r e m e n t s of physical growth. Problems of teething and the vexed question of circumcision are dealt with in detail, and a useful chapter is included on the causes and prevention of hen-natal infections and the prevention of certain infectious diseases in early childhood. Developmental p r o b l e m s are reviewed in Section 3, and the investigations of Gesell and others are quoted at length on the fascinating subject of predictability of intelligence and personality. A n account of the normal development during the first three years of life is illustrated by attractive pen and ink sketches of developmental stages of locomotion. T h e final section describes behaviour problems, because " every normal child has t h e m " and every doctor concerned with children ought to be able to deal with t h e m himself. I f this could be achieved there would be fewer referrals to Child Guidance Clinics, because correct m a n a g e m e n t in the early stages would avoid the developm e n t of real, and often insoluble, p r o b l e m s in the parent-child relationship. As the author states in his preface, this book " is intended for all doctors w h o are concerned with the care of child}en, especially family doctors and doctors in the Child Welfare Service." T o / h e m it is c o m m e n d e d for study ; every one of its pages is w o r t h reading. Is it too m u c h to hope that Prof. Illingworth will write another book on similar lines ab:ut the older child ? T h i s would be welcomed. By J. F. COLYER, K.B.E., LL.D., F.R.C.S., F.D.S., and EVELYN SpRAWSON, M.C., D.SC., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., F.D.S. N i n t h edition. (Pp. 1,151. Price 75s. net.) London: Butterworth & Co. (Publishers), Ltd. 1952.
D e n t a l Surgery a n d Pathology,
T h e appearance of a further edition of the text-book on Dental Surgery and Pathology w h i c h has for 60 years b e e n associated with the n a m e of J. F. Colyer, at first in collaboration with M o r t o n Smale, then by himself alone, and later in association with Prof. Sprawson, is an event of some importance in the dental world. T h e m u c h increased size of the present edition will give some indication of the progress which has been made in the art and science of dentistry since 1893, w h e n the first edition appeared. T h e first edition conlained 2.'/ chapters covering 423 pages, whereas its present successor has extended to ,38 chapters and 1,151 pages. T h i s new edition, which has been b r o u g h t thoroughly up to date, is nevertheless wellrecognisable m e m b e r of the " Colyer " f a m i l y b o t h in form and contents and still preserves a n u m b e r of the original woodcuts and other material f r o m the first edition T h e book contains sections on the treatment of dental disease in children, the prevention of dental caries, gingiivxis in pregnancy, and the treatm e n t of the fractured incisor, all subjects of vital concern to the public health dentist. Fluorosis of the teeth is dealt with and that interesting condition, which affected the teeth of young sheep grazing near the aluminium works at Fort William in Scotland, where the herbage was contaminated by smokeborne fluorides, is referred to. Attention is called to the advisability of not undertaking dental extractions without a penicillin umbrella in cases with damaged hearts owing to the risk that the transient bacteraemia, which in a large percentage of cases follows such extractions, may bring about a sub-acute bacterial endocarditis. T h i s surely serves to emphasise the desirability of the closest co-operation between the medical and dental practitioner, a liaison which is perhaps more easily maintained in the local authority school health and maternity and child welfare dental services owing t o t h e ready interchange of the case records. T h e r e is an entirely new chapter devoted to the uses in dentistry of penicillin and other antibiotics. T h e r e is also an excellent chapter on focal infection and remote effects of dental disease. T h e present edition is one which we feel confident will c o m m e n d itself to all w h o are studying or are engaged in the practice of dentistry. T h i s passage, which was written by Sir Frank Colver in his preface to the fourth edition in 1919 : " T r u e success in ~entistry will only have been achieved when preventable dental diseases have ceased to exist," will apply with equal force to-day. Prof. Sprawson, Sir Frank's present collaborator, is a Past-President of the Dental Officers' G r o u p of lhe Society.
1953
THE SOCIETY OF MEDICAL OFFICERS OF HEALTH N o t i c e s of f o r t h c o m i n g m e e t i n g s w i l l be found o n p a g e v. REPORTS
Ordinary M e e t i n g An Ordinary Meeting of the Society was held in the Committee R o o m on Friday, April 17th, at 12.45 p.m., immediately following the meeting of the (;eneral Purposes Committee. T h e President, Dr. Andrew T o p p i n g , was in the chair. iVIinutes.--The minutes of the Ordinary Meeting held on Friday, F e b m a D ' 20th, 1953, were confirmed and signed by the President. l~Jlections.--The following candidates, having been duly proposed and seconded, were then elected to m e m h e r s h i p : Drs. M. H. Braine, J. I. Buchanan, F. F. Burrell, G. Dison, J. D. K. Ferreira, F. W. Ford, F. W. Fox, P. F. M. B. Gould,.L. H a h n , P. K. IIearth, F. A. Heimann, S. G. A. Henriques, M. M. Hunter, J. G. Jamieson, R. E. Jones, D. W. Kirk, K. Kolaczek, E. W. M. K o m , H. E. Knott, L. A. Knowlson, S. Lindsay, M. B. McCann, A. M. McFarlan, H. M. Rajamanikkam, P. Shaw, A. L. Shennan, O. W. Williams and P. Duffield, Esq., B.D.S. Life Membership.--The following were elected fully-paid life m e m b e r s of the Society on the nomination of the Council and of their B r a n c h e s : Drs. H. M. Halliday, W. Parker, J. M. H e r m o n , H. Vallow and A. D. Campbell. Several nominations for 'the next election were reported and the meeting then terminated.
E A S t A N G L I A N BRANCH l'resident: Dr. K. J. C r a n t (M.O.H., Great Yarmouth C.B.). lion. Secretary: Dr. A. J. Rae (Dep. C.M.O.H., West Suffolk). A meeting was held at the Grange Restaurant and Country Club, Brome, on Saturday, J a n u a r y 17th, 1953, at 3 p.m. T h e President was in t h e chair and 20 members and visitors were present.
M e d i c i n e in A m e r i c a - - w i t h Public H e a l t h S e r v i c e
Special
Reference
to the
Captain H. H. Osborne, Base Surgeon, U.S.A.F. (M.C.), and Captain J. L. Garrison, A r m y Surgeon, U.S.A., had kindly come fu the United States Air Force Base, Lakenheath, to address the meeting on this subject. Captain Osborne informed the Branch lhat he had been employed in military medicine t h r o u g h o u t his professional career. but that he had -derived his knowledge of the American public health system by close contacts with other people who were employed there. He first described the United States Public t t e a h h Service which is financed by the United States Treasury. It carries out large investigations and mass surveys on infectious disease and also on chronic diseases, recent examples being diabetes, heart disease and cancer. It also carries out health surveys in factories and is responsible for trying out new drugs which are placed on the market and publishing reports on them. Marine hospitals also come under the administration of this service. Captain Osborne then emphasised that each state in the United States was a sovereign state and had its own public health service financed by its own treasury and not answerable to the United States Public I l e a h h Service. The details of the service varied greatly from state to state and were usually adapted to meet the particular needs of the people in that state. T h e head of the service, although a doctor, had usually political associations. The service provided clinics which were staffed bv general practitioners who volunteered their services free of cl~arge in the clinics. T h e clinics were attended mainly by poorer people who could not afford private medical attention. and treatmem at these clinics or at" state hospitals was free of charge. In addition to the state public health services larger cities had dleir own public health services. Dr. Garrison described practice in the state of Indiana, where he was the only doctor for a population in a smaU town and surrounding rural area totalling about 3.000. With regard to indigent people, there was a system whereby home visits could be paid to them at d~e public expense, b u t many doctors treated poor people without sending in a bill. He also took part in ~he work of ~he state public health department which was closely associated with the state medical school. There were 92 counties in the state and the counties had county health offices with a County Health Commissioner and staff. AIention was made of the fact that there were four types of hospitals in A m e r i c a - - t h e Marine hospitals run by the Unit'ed States Public H'ealth Service, t'he Slate-owned Hospitals run b y
PIJBLIC I[F.ALTH, May,
normal variations which may cause anxiety to parents and, if improperly managed, suffering to the child. T h e first section of the book deals with the all-inlportant p r o b l e m s of infant f e e d i n g ; why breast-feeding should be encouraged and h o w it can be accomplished with avoidance of certain difficulties. D e m a n d feeding in the early weeks is viewed with c o m m o n - s e n s e perspective. I n Section 2 on " Physical Problems " the assessment of physical development is discussed with emphasis on individual variations and considerations of the interpretation of m e a s u r e m e n t s of physical growth. Problems of teething and the vexed question of circumcision are dealt with in detail, and a useful chapter is included on the causes and prevention of hen-natal infections and the prevention of certain infectious diseases in early childhood. Developmental p r o b l e m s are reviewed in Section 3, and the investigations of Gesell and others are quoted at length on the fascinating subject of predictability of intelligence and personality. A n account of the normal development during the first three years of life is illustrated by attractive pen and ink sketches of developmental stages of locomotion. T h e final section describes behaviour problems, because " every normal child has t h e m " and every doctor concerned with children ought to be able to deal with t h e m himself. I f this could be achieved there would be fewer referrals to Child Guidance Clinics, because correct m a n a g e m e n t in the early stages would avoid the developm e n t of real, and often insoluble, p r o b l e m s in the parent-child relationship. As the author states in his preface, this book " is intended for all doctors w h o are concerned with the care of child}en, especially family doctors and doctors in the Child Welfare Service." T o / h e m it is c o m m e n d e d for study ; every one of its pages is w o r t h reading. Is it too m u c h to hope that Prof. Illingworth will write another book on similar lines ab:ut the older child ? T h i s would be welcomed. By J. F. COLYER, K.B.E., LL.D., F.R.C.S., F.D.S., and EVELYN SpRAWSON, M.C., D.SC., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., F.D.S. N i n t h edition. (Pp. 1,151. Price 75s. net.) London: Butterworth & Co. (Publishers), Ltd. 1952.
D e n t a l Surgery a n d Pathology,
T h e appearance of a further edition of the text-book on Dental Surgery and Pathology w h i c h has for 60 years b e e n associated with the n a m e of J. F. Colyer, at first in collaboration with M o r t o n Smale, then by himself alone, and later in association with Prof. Sprawson, is an event of some importance in the dental world. T h e m u c h increased size of the present edition will give some indication of the progress which has been made in the art and science of dentistry since 1893, w h e n the first edition appeared. T h e first edition conlained 2.'/ chapters covering 423 pages, whereas its present successor has extended to ,38 chapters and 1,151 pages. T h i s new edition, which has been b r o u g h t thoroughly up to date, is nevertheless wellrecognisable m e m b e r of the " Colyer " f a m i l y b o t h in form and contents and still preserves a n u m b e r of the original woodcuts and other material f r o m the first edition T h e book contains sections on the treatment of dental disease in children, the prevention of dental caries, gingiivxis in pregnancy, and the treatm e n t of the fractured incisor, all subjects of vital concern to the public health dentist. Fluorosis of the teeth is dealt with and that interesting condition, which affected the teeth of young sheep grazing near the aluminium works at Fort William in Scotland, where the herbage was contaminated by smokeborne fluorides, is referred to. Attention is called to the advisability of not undertaking dental extractions without a penicillin umbrella in cases with damaged hearts owing to the risk that the transient bacteraemia, which in a large percentage of cases follows such extractions, may bring about a sub-acute bacterial endocarditis. T h i s surely serves to emphasise the desirability of the closest co-operation between the medical and dental practitioner, a liaison which is perhaps more easily maintained in the local authority school health and maternity and child welfare dental services owing t o t h e ready interchange of the case records. T h e r e is an entirely new chapter devoted to the uses in dentistry of penicillin and other antibiotics. T h e r e is also an excellent chapter on focal infection and remote effects of dental disease. T h e present edition is one which we feel confident will c o m m e n d itself to all w h o are studying or are engaged in the practice of dentistry. T h i s passage, which was written by Sir Frank Colver in his preface to the fourth edition in 1919 : " T r u e success in ~entistry will only have been achieved when preventable dental diseases have ceased to exist," will apply with equal force to-day. Prof. Sprawson, Sir Frank's present collaborator, is a Past-President of the Dental Officers' G r o u p of lhe Society.
1953
THE SOCIETY OF MEDICAL OFFICERS OF HEALTH N o t i c e s of f o r t h c o m i n g m e e t i n g s w i l l be found o n p a g e v. REPORTS
Ordinary M e e t i n g An Ordinary Meeting of the Society was held in the Committee R o o m on Friday, April 17th, at 12.45 p.m., immediately following the meeting of the (;eneral Purposes Committee. T h e President, Dr. Andrew T o p p i n g , was in the chair. iVIinutes.--The minutes of the Ordinary Meeting held on Friday, F e b m a D ' 20th, 1953, were confirmed and signed by the President. l~Jlections.--The following candidates, having been duly proposed and seconded, were then elected to m e m h e r s h i p : Drs. M. H. Braine, J. I. Buchanan, F. F. Burrell, G. Dison, J. D. K. Ferreira, F. W. Ford, F. W. Fox, P. F. M. B. Gould,.L. H a h n , P. K. IIearth, F. A. Heimann, S. G. A. Henriques, M. M. Hunter, J. G. Jamieson, R. E. Jones, D. W. Kirk, K. Kolaczek, E. W. M. K o m , H. E. Knott, L. A. Knowlson, S. Lindsay, M. B. McCann, A. M. McFarlan, H. M. Rajamanikkam, P. Shaw, A. L. Shennan, O. W. Williams and P. Duffield, Esq., B.D.S. Life Membership.--The following were elected fully-paid life m e m b e r s of the Society on the nomination of the Council and of their B r a n c h e s : Drs. H. M. Halliday, W. Parker, J. M. H e r m o n , H. Vallow and A. D. Campbell. Several nominations for 'the next election were reported and the meeting then terminated.
E A S t A N G L I A N BRANCH l'resident: Dr. K. J. C r a n t (M.O.H., Great Yarmouth C.B.). lion. Secretary: Dr. A. J. Rae (Dep. C.M.O.H., West Suffolk). A meeting was held at the Grange Restaurant and Country Club, Brome, on Saturday, J a n u a r y 17th, 1953, at 3 p.m. T h e President was in t h e chair and 20 members and visitors were present.
M e d i c i n e in A m e r i c a - - w i t h Public H e a l t h S e r v i c e
Special
Reference
to the
Captain H. H. Osborne, Base Surgeon, U.S.A.F. (M.C.), and Captain J. L. Garrison, A r m y Surgeon, U.S.A., had kindly come fu the United States Air Force Base, Lakenheath, to address the meeting on this subject. Captain Osborne informed the Branch lhat he had been employed in military medicine t h r o u g h o u t his professional career. but that he had -derived his knowledge of the American public health system by close contacts with other people who were employed there. He first described the United States Public t t e a h h Service which is financed by the United States Treasury. It carries out large investigations and mass surveys on infectious disease and also on chronic diseases, recent examples being diabetes, heart disease and cancer. It also carries out health surveys in factories and is responsible for trying out new drugs which are placed on the market and publishing reports on them. Marine hospitals also come under the administration of this service. Captain Osborne then emphasised that each state in the United States was a sovereign state and had its own public health service financed by its own treasury and not answerable to the United States Public I l e a h h Service. The details of the service varied greatly from state to state and were usually adapted to meet the particular needs of the people in that state. T h e head of the service, although a doctor, had usually political associations. The service provided clinics which were staffed bv general practitioners who volunteered their services free of cl~arge in the clinics. T h e clinics were attended mainly by poorer people who could not afford private medical attention. and treatmem at these clinics or at" state hospitals was free of charge. In addition to the state public health services larger cities had dleir own public health services. Dr. Garrison described practice in the state of Indiana, where he was the only doctor for a population in a smaU town and surrounding rural area totalling about 3.000. With regard to indigent people, there was a system whereby home visits could be paid to them at d~e public expense, b u t many doctors treated poor people without sending in a bill. He also took part in ~he work of ~he state public health department which was closely associated with the state medical school. There were 92 counties in the state and the counties had county health offices with a County Health Commissioner and staff. AIention was made of the fact that there were four types of hospitals in A m e r i c a - - t h e Marine hospitals run by the Unit'ed States Public H'ealth Service, t'he Slate-owned Hospitals run b y