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DENTAL SURGERY.
485 two years previously have passed the intermediate examination of the Science Faculty taking the medical student’s group ; it comprises anatomy, physiology, and materia medica, and the fee is Rs.30. The second examination is in pathology, forensic medicine, and hygiene, and is taken at the end of the third year ; the fee is Rs.30. The final examination, for which the fee is Rs.40, is taken at the end of the fifth year and comprises the rest of the subjects. King Edward Medical College, Lahore, trains students for the medical degrees of Punjab University. The college year consists of one long session of three terms. The course for the M.B., B.S. occupies five years, the fees being Rs.125, Rs.115, Rs.135, Rs.105, and Rs.110 in successive years. College
scholarships
are
granted.
REGISTRABLE FOREIGN MEDICAL DEGREES. Certain medical diplomas granted in foreign countries also entitle to registration in the foreign list of the Medical Register, provided that the holder is not a British subject or that, being a British subject, the diploma was obtained under domiciliarv conditions similar to those attached to colonial diplomas. Summary of Registrable Degrees (the date in parentheses being the year in which Part II. of the Medical Act, 1886, was applied to the country in question).Italy (1901) : Degrees of Doctor of Medicine and Surgery of all the Royal Italian Universities. Japan {1905): Degrees of Bachelor of Medicine (Igakushi) and Doctor of Medicine (Igaku Hakushi) of the Imperial Universities of Japan ; and the Degree of Bachelor of Medicine (Igakushi) of any Government or Prefectural special medical college, or of a private special medical college designated by a Minister of Education of the Empire of Japan.
Italy. for the medical diploma is fixed by Royal Decree dated August 9th, 1910, and is the same for each of the 20 universities and institutes where courses of study are arranged. These are in alphabetical order: Bologna, Cagliari (Sardinia), Camerino, Catania, Ferrara, Florence, Genoa, Mes-
The
regulation
sina, Modena, Naples, Padua, Palermo, Parma, Pavia, Perugia, Pisa, Rome, Sassari, Siena, and Turin. Camerino, Perugia, and Ferrara are " free " Universities, supplying a part only of the course.
The course covers six years, and embraces the The distribuusual general and special subjects. tion of these over the six years varies somewhat at the different centres, but the official course at Siena may be taken as an example :lst year : botany, zoology, normal human anatomy. 2nd year : normal human anatomy, general chemistry,
experimental physics, embryology, experimental physiology. 3rd year : normal and topographical human anatomy, experimental physiology, bacteriology, general pathology. 4th year : materia medica, special medical and surgical pathology, pathological anatomy, medical and surgical clinic. 5th year : pathological anatomy, medical, surgical, ophthalmological, and dermatological clinic, hygiene and public health. 6th year : medical, surgical, nervous and mental, pediatrics, and obstetric clinic, legal medicine, operations, history of medical science. Twenty-six optional courses in special subjects can be attended. Japan. The medical course is taken at the Imperial Universities of Tokyo, Kyoto, Kyushu and Tohoku, and at the Medical Colleges of Kyoto, Osaka, Chiba, Aichi, Nagoya, Okayama, Kumamoto, Nagasaki, Kanazawa, Niigata, Tokyo-Jikein, Formosa, Korea, and Mukden.
Each
includes
institutes
of
anatomy,
DENTAL SURGERY. ANYONE who is
on
the Medical
Register is entitled to
dentist, although he cannot register as such without a licence in dentistry, or under the Dentist Act, 1921 ; but it is of eminent advantage to take the L.D.S., otherwise few dental appointments at general or special hospitals or dispensaries are available. For new regulations, see page 426.
practise
as a
THE REGISTERING BODIES IN DENTISTRY. The Royal College of Surgeons of England grants a diploma in Dental Surgery under the following regulations, which apply to all candidates who have registered as dental students after Jan. lst, 1897. Candidates are required to pass three examinations: the Preliminary Science Examination, the First Professional Examination, and the Second Professional Examination. 1. Preliminary Science Examination.-This is identical with Part I. of the First Examination of the Examining Board in England. Candidates who commenced professional study on or after Oct. 1st, 1913, must pass the Preliminary Science Examination before commencing the courses required for the Second Professional Examination. 2. The First Professional Examination.-The candidate must produce evidence of instruction in Dental Metallurgy and Practical Dental Mechanics. The Examination consists of Part I. (Mechanical Dentistry), Part II. (Dental Metallurgy), the examination in Dental Metallurgy being by written paper, and Part III. (a) General Anatomy and Physiology, (b) Dental Anatomy and Physiology conducted by papers and viva voce examination. The parts may be taken together or separately. 3. The Second Professional Examination.-This is divided into two parts : (a) the General, (b) the Dental. The General part must be passed before the Dental portion. The instruction is obtained partly at a General Hospital and partly at a Dental Hospital. The Second Professional Examination consists of : Part I., General Surgery and Pathology; Part II., Dental Surgery and Pathology, and Practical Dental Surgery. There is a written and viva voce examination in each part and a practical examination as well in Part II. Exemption from the Preliminary Science Examination is granted to candidates who have passed an Examination in Chemistry and Physics for a degree in Medicine at a University in the United Kingdom, in India, or in a British colony. Exemption from Examination in Anatomy and Physiology is granted to candidates who have passed the Second Examination of the Examining Board in England or the corresponding Examination for any degree or qualification in Medicine or Surgery registrable under the Medical Act of 1886. Exemption from Examination in General Surgery and Pathology is granted to candidates who have passed the Examination in Surgery of the Examining Board in England or the corresponding Examinations of the Colleges and University above mentioned. The fee for the diploma is 20 guineas, and is payable as follows : Preliminary Science Examination, for each admission to Part 1., 23 3s. ;Part II., 22 2s. First Professional Examination, for each admission to Part 1., 24 4s.; Part II., m1 1s. ;Part III. (a) 22 2s.; (b) 22 2s.; Second Professional Examination, for each admission to Part 1., 92 2s. ; Part II., 24 4s. Synopses of examinations and all further information can be obtained from the Secretary, Examination Hall, Queen-square, London, W.C. 1.
embryology, histology, physiology, medical chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons, Edinburgh.- Regulations pharmacology, pathology, hygiene, microbiology, giving a list of Preliminary Examinations recognised forensic medicine, diagnosis, medicine, surgery, for obtaining the Licence in Dental Surgery, as well ophthalmology, 0 bstetrics-gynaecology, pediatrics, as of the subjects of the Professional Examinations, dermatology, oto-rhino-laryngology, orthopaedic sur- may be obtained from Mr. D. L. Eadie, Clerk to the gery, dentistry, psychiatry, and neurology. There is Royal College of Surgeons, at 49, Lauriston-place, a four years’ course of instruction, and yearly about Edinburgh. Candidates must produce certificates of 80 students graduate in medicine from each Univer- having, subsequently to the date of registration, been engaged for four years in professional studies and of sity or College.
486 three from
years’ instruction in Mechanical Dentistry Anatomy, Pathology and Bacteriology, Prosthesis, registered dental practitioner, except in the Anaesthesia, and Dental Radiology. The examination will be clinical and practical as well as written and case of previously registered medical practitioners, when two years will be considered sufficient. Candi- oral. Candidates will be expected to show a high dates must also have attended a course of instruction degree of knowledge and skill. at a University or in an established school of medicine Royal Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons of or in a provincial school specially recognised by the Glasgow.-The regulations as to certificates, curriculum, College as qualifying for the Diploma in Surgery. number, and subjects of examinations, fees, &c., In addition they will be required to have attended are in effect similar to those of the Royal College of in a recognised dental hospital, or with teachers Surgeons of Edinburgh, but embrace Dental Bacrecognised by the College, special courses of lectures teriology. Candidates can enter for the First Examiand instruction in Anatomy and Physiology (Human nation in three divisions, the first embracing Physics and Comparative), Surgery, Pathology, Materia and Chemistry, the second Dental Metallurgy and Medica, Dental Histology, and Practical Dental Dental Mechanics, and the third Anatomy and Mechanics and Metallurgy; two years’ attendance Physiology. The examination in Dental Mechanics at a dental hospital or the dental department of a is practical ; and there is at the Final Examination general hospital recognised by the College. Practical an examination in Practical Dentistry conducted in instruction in Mechanical Dentistry from a registered a dental hospital. Copies of regulations, &c., to be Dentist, or in the Mechanical Department of a obtained from Mr. Walter Hurst, Registrar, Faculty recognised Dental Hospital and School, for three Hall, 242, St. Vincent-street, Glasgow. years. Candidates who have passed the First and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland.-Candidates Second Examinations for the Triple Qualification will for the Licence in Dental Surgery, aged at least 21, be exempt from the First Dental Examination, and pass two professional examinations. Before the First will have the advantage of being admissible either Examination the candidate must produce evidence of to the Final Dental Examination or to the subsequent having attended courses in Theoretical and Practical Examination for the Triple Qualification, or to both. Chemistry, including Metallurgy and Physics, at a But the First Dental Examination will not be held recognised institution ; of having been registered as a as equivalent to the First and Second Triple Exami- medical or dental student by the General Medical nations, and will admit to the Final Dental Examina- Council; and of having attended courses of instruction only. Candidates who are Licentiates of this tion in the following subjects at a recognised school College or who may be registered medical practitioners of medicine : (a) Anatomy Lectures ; (b) Dissections will be required to produce certificates of attendance with Demonstrations ; (c) Physiology, including on the special subjects only and will be examined in Dental Physiology ; (d) Practical Physiology and these only for the dental diploma. First Professional Histology, including Dental Physiology and Histology, Examination : The candidate must have attended Human and Comparative. Before the Final Dental the required courses. The examination embraces Examination the candidate must have been engaged (1) Chemistry and Physics ; and (2) Anatomy and during a period of two years in acquiring a practical Physiology. The fee is 25 5s. for the complete familiarity with the details of Mechanical Dentistry examination, and 23 3s. is payable for each division. under the instruction of a registered dentist, or under In all cases of rejected candidates the fee for re-entry the direction of the superintendent of the Mechanical is .S3 3s. Second Examination : The candidate must Department of a recognised Dental Hospital, and have attended the remaining courses of the curri- have attended, at institutions recognised by the College must produce certificates showing that he for the purpose, the following courses of instruction: culum, is 21 years of age, and must pay a fee of 210 10s., (a) Dental Surgery and Pathology, Orthodontia, and for re-entry 25 5s. The examination embraces the Materia Medica and Therapeutics applicable to (1) Surgery and Medicine ; and (2) the special sub- Dental Surgery. Lectures. Two courses. (b) Dental jects of Dental Anatomy and Physiology, Dental Mechanics. Lectures. Two courses. (c) Dental Surgery and Pathology, Dental Materia Medica, Anatomy. Lectures. One course. (d) The practice Dental Mechanics and Dental Metallurgy, with a of a Dental Hospital, or of the Dental Department of practical as well as the written and oral examinations a General Hospital. Two years. He must also have in the subjects of Dental and Oral Surgery, Pathology, attended Clinical instructions at a recognised General and Mechanics. The candidate will be tested in the Hospital during the ordinary teaching sessions (nine Treatment of Dental Diseases, in Operative Dentistry, months), and have been engaged during four years the Administration of Anaesthetics, Orthodontics, and in the acquirement of professional knowledge subin Prosthetic and Mechanical Dentistry. Candidates sequently to the date of registration as a medical or who claim exemption from the First Dental Examina- dental student. One year’s bona-fide apprenticeship tion on the ground of having passed the First and with a registered dental practitioner, after being Second Triple Qualification Examinations or other registered as a medical or dental student, may be recognised examinations will, before being admitted counted as one of the four years of professional study. to the Second Dental Examination, be required to In the First Dental Examination candidates will be pay the total fee of 215 15s. payable for the dental examined in (A) Physics and Chemistry, including diploma. Fees and schedules must be lodged with the Practical Chemistry and Metallurgy. (B) Anatomy, Clerk not later than one week before the examination. Physiology, and Histology-General and Dental. All Higher Dental Diploma.-The College grants a the subjects may be passed at the same time, or they Higher Dental Diploma which is registrable in the may be passed in two groups (A and B). Dentists Register as an additional qualification. In the Final Dental Examination candidates will Every candidate for the Higher Dental Diploma shall be examined in General Pathology, Medicine, and produce evidence that he has been engaged in the Surgery; Dental Surgery, and Dental Pathology, study or practice of his profession as a Registered with the Materia Medica and Therapeutics applicable Dentist for at least one year subsequent to his having to Dental Surgery ; Dental Mechanics and Metallurgy-, obtained the Licence in Dental Surgery of the College, Orthodontia. Candidates must pass in all the subjects or a Licence or Qualification in Dental Surgery at one examination. The total fee for the Diploma specially recognised by the College. Particulars as in Dental Surgery is 20 guineas. to the examinations can be obtained from Mr. D. L. The teaching of University of Birmingham. Eadie, Clerk to the Royal College of Surgeons, 49, Dentistry is undertaken by the University acting in Lauriston-place, Edinburgh. The fee payable by association with the Birmingham Dental Hospital and Licentiates of the College is 215 15s. For all other the Birmingham Clinical Board. The instruction at candidates 221. A fee of 210 10s. is retained for the Dental Hospital is carried out under the direction examination expenses in the case of referred candi- of the University Dental Clinical Board, so that students may fully qualify themselves for the Dental dates. The examination embraces the following branches Diploma (L.D.S.) of this and other universities and of Dental Science and practice : Dental Surgery, licensing bodies. There is a special and well-equipped a
-
487 An Entrance and Laboratory. Exhibition, value 37 10s., is awarded annually at the commencement of the winter session. The following in Dentistry :are the regulations for Degrees 1. The degrees conferred by the University are those of Bachelor and Master of Dental Surgery (B.D.S. and M.D.S.). 2. All candidates for these degrees
extends over four years. A three years’ pupilage in Mechanical Dentistry is required and four examinations must be passed, the subjects of which differ only from those of the B.D.S. in that Zoology is not required for the First Examination, and Medicine is not required for the Final Examination. Candidates who are already registered medical practitioners shall must pass the same Matriculation Examination as be further exempted from study and examination in that required from candidates for Medical Degrees. Physics and Chemistry, Anatomy, Physiology and 3. The degree of Bachelor of Dental Surgery is not Histology, Medicine, and General Surgery. conferred upon any candidate who has not obtained University of Durham.-Every candidate for the The candidate is not Licence in Dental a Licence in Dental Surgery. Surgery must be registered as a eligible for the degree until a period of 12 months has dental student. There are four Examinations. The elapsed from the passing of his examination for the subjects are :-First:(a) Chemistry ; and (b) Physics. Licence in Dental Surgery. Of this period at least Second :: (a) Dental Mechanics, Theoretical and six months must be spent in the dental department Practical; (b) Dental Metallurgy. Third: (a) of a general hospital approved by the University. and Histology ; (c) Dental Anatomy ; (b) Physiology 4. 1. In addition to the Licence in Dental Surgery the and Dental Histology; and (d) Dental candidate must produce evidence that he has attended Anatomy Materia Medica. Final:: (a) Surgery; (b) Dental the courses required by medical students of the including Prosthetics and Orthodontia; University in the following subjects and passed the Surgery, Dental Surgery, Practical Examination ; (c) Operative Examinations held in the same for Medical and Surgical and A Dental Pathology and Bacteriology. (d) Degrees : (a) Chemistry and Practical Chemistry, candidate before presenting himself for examination (b) Physics and Practical Physics, (c) Elementary is required to furnish certificates of instruction in the Biology, (d) Anatomy and Practical Anatomy, and following subjects, attended after registration as a (e) Physiology and Practical Physiology. B. That he dental student at recognised Colleges or Schools :has passed the class examinations in : (f) One Special First Examination Chemistry and Physics. Second Course of Lectures on Medicine, (g) One Special Examination:: Dental Mechanics and Dental MetalCourse of Lectures on Surgery, and (h) Pathology and Third Examinatiorr: Anatomy. with Dislurgy. Bacteriology. C. That he has attended courses and sections ; Physiology; Histology; Dental Anatomy passed the class examinations in : (k) Dental Histo- and Physiology; Dental Histology ; and Dental logy and Patho-Histology, (1) Comparative Dental Materia Medica. Final examination:Dental HoAnatomy, and (m) Dental Surgery and Prosthetic pital Practice (two years); General Hospital Practice Dentistry. D. That he has received instruction in the (nine months) ; Medicine Lectures (two terms) :-, Clinical Examination of living cases at the dental Surgery Lectures (two terms) ; Dental Surgery and department of a general hospital for a period of not Pathology (a course of not less than 20 lectures) ; less than six months. 5. The Final Examination will Dental Bacteriology (three terms) ; Operative Dental deal with the subjects in Classes C and D. 6. On the Surgery (not less than 12 lectures) ; and Anaesthetics expiration of 12 months from the date of passing the (a course of not less than one month). Examination for the Degree of Bachelor of Dental Before admission to the Final Examination each Surgery, the candidate will be eligible for that of candidate must furnish evidence (1) of having attained Master of Dental Surgery. 7. For this degree candi- the age of 21 years ; (2) of having undergone a three dates will be required to submit a thesis containing pupilage in Mechanical Dentistry with a years’ original work, and investigations in some subject registered dentist ; and (3) of having been engaged connected with Dentistry, which theses shall be in study for at least four years subsequent submitted to examiners to be nominated by the to professional The examinations as a dental student. registration Dental Advisory Board. will be held concurrently with the medical examinaUniversity of Bristol.-Oandidates for the degree of tions, and the fees payable by candidates are as Bachelor of Dental Surgery must be not less than 21 follows : Second First Examination, 22 10s. ; years of age and shall have pursued the courses Examination, 22 10s. ;Third Examination, 23 10s. ;; prescribed by University regulations during not less Final Examination, 93 10s. ; fee for Licence, B3 ;; than .five years, of which three shall have been passed total, :815. For re-examination : First Examination, in the University, and shall have been registered as 2110s. ; Second Examination, :E2 ; Third Examinadental students by the General Medical Council. All tion, 22 (in one part only, 1) ; Fourth Examination, candidates for the degree of B.D.S. are required to .83. The practical examinations in dentistry will be satisfy the examiners in the several subjects of four conducted at the Newcastle Dental Hospital. examinations. The First Examination : The subjects University of Leeds.-The degrees in Dental Surgery are Chemistry, Physics, and Zoology, and the curriculum extends over one year.The Third Examination : are Bachelor of Dental Surgery (B.Ch.D.) and Master The subjects are Dental Mechanics, Dental Metallurgy, of Dental Surgery (M.Ch.D.). All candidates for the and Dental Materia Medica, and the candidate shall degree of Bachelor of Dental Surgery shall be required the Matriculation Examination, to produce evidence of having served for three years an to have passedthereafter pursued approved courses of study approved pupilage in Dental Mechanics. The Second have Examination : The subjects are Anatomy, Physiology, for not less than five academic years, two of such and Histology, Dental Anatomy, and Dental Histo- years at least having been passed in the University to the date of passing Parts I. and II. logy. The Final Examination: The subjects are subsequently of the First Examination; and to have completed Medicine and Surgery, Dental Surgery (including of pupilage or hospital attendance, or Prosthetics), Operative Dental Surgery, and Dental such period be prescribed by the regulations of the Bacteriology. Degree of Master of Dental Surgery : both, as may No candidate will be admitted to the Candidates shall be Bachelors of the University, shall University. who has not attained the age of 21 years on the degree a Dissertation on some of Dental present subject The classes in the Department of Surgery to be approved by the Examiners, and pass day of graduation. on Oct. 2nd. The instruction in the Dentistry begin an examination in Dental Surgery. in Diploma of Preliminary subjects Physics, and Chemistry, Dental Surgery : Candidates need not be undergraduates, but shall have passed an entrance examination Biology are given at the University in College-road. satisfactory to the University before being admitted The classes in the other subjects and the systematic to any professional examination ; the curriculum courses in Dental subjects are held in the School of Medicine of the University in Thoresby-place. The * Candidates who have passed the Higher School Certificate clinical instruction is given in the Dental Department approved by the Board of Education in these subjects will not at the Leeds General Infirmary. Applications for the be required to sit for the first examination for either the B.D.S. prospectus should be made to the Dean of the Faculty or the L.D.S., and will be regarded as having completed one I of Medicine. year of study.
Dental Museum
488
University of Liverpool, School of Dental Surgery.- three equal yearly instalments. The composition University grants a Licence in Dental Surgery fee for candidates for the University Diploma in (L.D.S.) and degrees in Dental Surgery (B.D.S. Dentistry is 83 guineas, payable in three equal yearly and M.D.S.). The management of the curriculum instalments. The composition fee for candidates for (lectures, practical and clinical) is in the hands of the the L.D.S. of England is 93 guineas, payable in three University Board of Dental Studies. The courses of equal yearly instalments. Students who have already systematic instruction are given in the main Univer- served their apprenticeship with a private practisity buildings, and those in Dental Mechanics, tioner, and who propose to complete the final portion of their attendance at the University and at an are given in the Operative Dental Surgery, &c., University School Extension (opened 1922), adjoining approved dental hospital, will be required to pay the the Dental Hospital, the laboratory of which is in composition fee in two equal instalments at the comcharge of a skilled dental mechanic under the super- mencement of the first and second years of studentvision of the Director of Dental Education. The ship. The composition fee does not include the clinical instruction is given in the Dental Hospital. hospital fees, the examination fees, nor the fee for the Students can take the whole curriculum including conferment of the degree or the diploma. Dental Mechanics, at the University School of Dental Queen’s University of Belfast.-At the beginning of 1920-21 a Department of Dentistry was session of at the the lectures The times University Surgery. are arranged to meet the convenience of students, opened, and the following degrees and diplomas are thus allowing the maximum time for attendance upon now conferred: Licentiate in Dental Surgery, Bachelor Dental Hospital practice. Fees : The fees for the of Dental Surgery, and Master of Dental Surgery. complete courses, including Pupilage and Hospital I, Lecturers have been appointed in Dental Surgery, Practice, are as follows : Degree of B.D.S., ;E337 10s.’, Dental Mechanics, Dental Metallurgy and Materia M.D.S., 20 ; L.D.S. (Liverpool), .8199 ; L.D.S. Medica, and Orthodontia. The
{other licensing bodies), 3203.
Further information
may be had from the Director of Dental Prof. W. H. Gilmour.
Education,
TEACHING INSTITUTIONS IN DENTISTRY. The institutions which follow offer facilities in Dental Surgery.-In order to be admitted to the Bachelor’s Degree in Dental Surgery a student must addition to those provided by the above Universities, LONDON. normally, after registration as an Internal Student, have--(1) Attended prescribed courses of study for Royal Dental Hospital of London, School of Dental five years at one or more Schools of the University. i S1trgery, Leicester-square.-A school of the University (2) Passed the following examinations : (a) First of London, and women are now admitted as students Examination in Dental Surgery (Inorganic Chemistry, and are eligible for all hospital appointments and Physics, and General Biology), to be passed as a rule school prizes. The school provides the special dental not less than nine months after Matriculation. (b) education required by the Royal College of Surgeons Second Examination in Dental Surgery (Anatomy, for the Licence in Dental Surgery. The general part Physiology, Special Anatomy and Histology, of the curriculum may be taken at any general Pharmacology), to be passed not less than 17 hospital. The hospital is open from 9 A.M. to 5 P.M., months after completing the First Examination. there being one staff for the morning and another for (c) Third Examination in Dental Surgery, Part I the afternoon of each day. Pupils are received for (Pathology and Bacteriology, Medicine, Surgery), to the training in dental mechanics recognised by the be passed not less than 15 months after completing curriculum. The demonstrators at the commencethe Second Examination and before entry to Part I. ment of each session give a course of lectures on of the Third Examination. Third Examination in Operative Dental Surgery. The five house surgeonDental Surgery, Part II. (Prosthetic Dentistry cies are held for six months each and are open to all including Dental Metallurgy), to be passed after qualified students. The lecturers, in addition to passing Part I. of the Third Examination, and not their lectures, give special demonstrations on the less than 18 months after completing the Second Microscopy of Dental Anatomy and Dental Surgery. Examination. (d) Fourth (B.D.S.) Examination in The lecturer on Dental Mechanics also gives practical Dental Surgery (Dental Surgery, Operative Dental demonstrations in the laboratory. There is an Surgery, Orthodontics), to be passed not less than Entrance Scholarship in Chemistry and Physics of 12 months after completing the Third Examination, the value of 250. One Entrance Scholarship in and not less than five years after Matriculation. The Dental Mechanics and Metallurgy, value 225, open to Regulations in Dental Surgery for External Students pupils of the Hospital only. One Entrance Scholarhave not yet been approved. ship of 225 in Dental Mechanics, open to pupils of University of London.-The curriculum for the private practitioners. The Saunders Scholarship of degree of Bachelor of Dental Surgery covers five years 220 and Saunders Prize of 25awarded to second year from Matriculation. The Regulations for Internal students. The Storer Bennett Research Scholarship Students may be obtained post-free on application to for Scientific Research in any branch of Dental The Surgery, value 250, is awarded triennially. The the Academic Registrar at the University. Regulations for External Students have not yet been Alfred Woodhouse Scholarship of 235 and the Robert Woodhouse Prize of 210 for Practical Dental Surgery. approved by the Senate. University of ltlarcchester.-In the University of Prizes and certificates are awarded by the lecturers Manchester the Dental Department forms an integral for the best examinations in the subjects of their part of the Faculty of Medicine. This contains a respective courses at the end of the summer and series of laboratories, lecture rooms, and museums winter sessions. Fee for two years’ hospital practice which will bear comparison with those of any other required by the curriculum, including lectures, ;1)70 school in the kingdom, and the fullest opportunities in one payment, or jE73 10s. in two yearly instalments. for study are qffered to students preparing for any of The curriculum requires two years to be passed at a the professional examinations. Instruction adapted General Hospital ; the fee for this is about B63. to the requirements of students preparing for the Both hospitals can be attended simultaneously. For B.D.S. Degree and the Dental Diplomas of the the lectures in Chemistry and Physics for the PreUniversity, the Royal College of Surgeons of England, liminary Science Examination £ l3 13s. The fee for and of other licensing bodies is given throughout the the instruction in Dental Mechanics and the two years’ session both at the University and at the Dental hospital practice required by the curriculum is ;B200 Hospital of Manchester adjoining the University. if paid in one instalment, or 200 guineas if paid in The required general hospital practice is taken at the three equal instalments. The fee for tuition in Dental Manchester Royal Infirmary. Women students are Mechanics is .870 per annum; for one year’s hospital admitted to the classes in the Dental Department, practice 228. The Winter Session opens on Oct. 2nd. and for them common rooms are provided. The comUniversity College Hospital Dental School, corner position fee for candidates for the University degree of of Great Portland and Devonshire-streets, W.-This Bachelor of Dental Surgery is 93 guineas, payable in Hospital and School has recently been thoroughly
I
scholarships
are
granted.
REGISTRABLE FOREIGN MEDICAL DEGREES. Certain medical diplomas granted in foreign countries also entitle to registration in the foreign list of the Medical Register, provided that the holder is not a British subject or that, being a British subject, the diploma was obtained under domiciliarv conditions similar to those attached to colonial diplomas. Summary of Registrable Degrees (the date in parentheses being the year in which Part II. of the Medical Act, 1886, was applied to the country in question).Italy (1901) : Degrees of Doctor of Medicine and Surgery of all the Royal Italian Universities. Japan {1905): Degrees of Bachelor of Medicine (Igakushi) and Doctor of Medicine (Igaku Hakushi) of the Imperial Universities of Japan ; and the Degree of Bachelor of Medicine (Igakushi) of any Government or Prefectural special medical college, or of a private special medical college designated by a Minister of Education of the Empire of Japan.
Italy. for the medical diploma is fixed by Royal Decree dated August 9th, 1910, and is the same for each of the 20 universities and institutes where courses of study are arranged. These are in alphabetical order: Bologna, Cagliari (Sardinia), Camerino, Catania, Ferrara, Florence, Genoa, Mes-
The
regulation
sina, Modena, Naples, Padua, Palermo, Parma, Pavia, Perugia, Pisa, Rome, Sassari, Siena, and Turin. Camerino, Perugia, and Ferrara are " free " Universities, supplying a part only of the course.
The course covers six years, and embraces the The distribuusual general and special subjects. tion of these over the six years varies somewhat at the different centres, but the official course at Siena may be taken as an example :lst year : botany, zoology, normal human anatomy. 2nd year : normal human anatomy, general chemistry,
experimental physics, embryology, experimental physiology. 3rd year : normal and topographical human anatomy, experimental physiology, bacteriology, general pathology. 4th year : materia medica, special medical and surgical pathology, pathological anatomy, medical and surgical clinic. 5th year : pathological anatomy, medical, surgical, ophthalmological, and dermatological clinic, hygiene and public health. 6th year : medical, surgical, nervous and mental, pediatrics, and obstetric clinic, legal medicine, operations, history of medical science. Twenty-six optional courses in special subjects can be attended. Japan. The medical course is taken at the Imperial Universities of Tokyo, Kyoto, Kyushu and Tohoku, and at the Medical Colleges of Kyoto, Osaka, Chiba, Aichi, Nagoya, Okayama, Kumamoto, Nagasaki, Kanazawa, Niigata, Tokyo-Jikein, Formosa, Korea, and Mukden.
Each
includes
institutes
of
anatomy,
DENTAL SURGERY. ANYONE who is
on
the Medical
Register is entitled to
dentist, although he cannot register as such without a licence in dentistry, or under the Dentist Act, 1921 ; but it is of eminent advantage to take the L.D.S., otherwise few dental appointments at general or special hospitals or dispensaries are available. For new regulations, see page 426.
practise
as a
THE REGISTERING BODIES IN DENTISTRY. The Royal College of Surgeons of England grants a diploma in Dental Surgery under the following regulations, which apply to all candidates who have registered as dental students after Jan. lst, 1897. Candidates are required to pass three examinations: the Preliminary Science Examination, the First Professional Examination, and the Second Professional Examination. 1. Preliminary Science Examination.-This is identical with Part I. of the First Examination of the Examining Board in England. Candidates who commenced professional study on or after Oct. 1st, 1913, must pass the Preliminary Science Examination before commencing the courses required for the Second Professional Examination. 2. The First Professional Examination.-The candidate must produce evidence of instruction in Dental Metallurgy and Practical Dental Mechanics. The Examination consists of Part I. (Mechanical Dentistry), Part II. (Dental Metallurgy), the examination in Dental Metallurgy being by written paper, and Part III. (a) General Anatomy and Physiology, (b) Dental Anatomy and Physiology conducted by papers and viva voce examination. The parts may be taken together or separately. 3. The Second Professional Examination.-This is divided into two parts : (a) the General, (b) the Dental. The General part must be passed before the Dental portion. The instruction is obtained partly at a General Hospital and partly at a Dental Hospital. The Second Professional Examination consists of : Part I., General Surgery and Pathology; Part II., Dental Surgery and Pathology, and Practical Dental Surgery. There is a written and viva voce examination in each part and a practical examination as well in Part II. Exemption from the Preliminary Science Examination is granted to candidates who have passed an Examination in Chemistry and Physics for a degree in Medicine at a University in the United Kingdom, in India, or in a British colony. Exemption from Examination in Anatomy and Physiology is granted to candidates who have passed the Second Examination of the Examining Board in England or the corresponding Examination for any degree or qualification in Medicine or Surgery registrable under the Medical Act of 1886. Exemption from Examination in General Surgery and Pathology is granted to candidates who have passed the Examination in Surgery of the Examining Board in England or the corresponding Examinations of the Colleges and University above mentioned. The fee for the diploma is 20 guineas, and is payable as follows : Preliminary Science Examination, for each admission to Part 1., 23 3s. ;Part II., 22 2s. First Professional Examination, for each admission to Part 1., 24 4s.; Part II., m1 1s. ;Part III. (a) 22 2s.; (b) 22 2s.; Second Professional Examination, for each admission to Part 1., 92 2s. ; Part II., 24 4s. Synopses of examinations and all further information can be obtained from the Secretary, Examination Hall, Queen-square, London, W.C. 1.
embryology, histology, physiology, medical chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons, Edinburgh.- Regulations pharmacology, pathology, hygiene, microbiology, giving a list of Preliminary Examinations recognised forensic medicine, diagnosis, medicine, surgery, for obtaining the Licence in Dental Surgery, as well ophthalmology, 0 bstetrics-gynaecology, pediatrics, as of the subjects of the Professional Examinations, dermatology, oto-rhino-laryngology, orthopaedic sur- may be obtained from Mr. D. L. Eadie, Clerk to the gery, dentistry, psychiatry, and neurology. There is Royal College of Surgeons, at 49, Lauriston-place, a four years’ course of instruction, and yearly about Edinburgh. Candidates must produce certificates of 80 students graduate in medicine from each Univer- having, subsequently to the date of registration, been engaged for four years in professional studies and of sity or College.
486 three from
years’ instruction in Mechanical Dentistry Anatomy, Pathology and Bacteriology, Prosthesis, registered dental practitioner, except in the Anaesthesia, and Dental Radiology. The examination will be clinical and practical as well as written and case of previously registered medical practitioners, when two years will be considered sufficient. Candi- oral. Candidates will be expected to show a high dates must also have attended a course of instruction degree of knowledge and skill. at a University or in an established school of medicine Royal Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons of or in a provincial school specially recognised by the Glasgow.-The regulations as to certificates, curriculum, College as qualifying for the Diploma in Surgery. number, and subjects of examinations, fees, &c., In addition they will be required to have attended are in effect similar to those of the Royal College of in a recognised dental hospital, or with teachers Surgeons of Edinburgh, but embrace Dental Bacrecognised by the College, special courses of lectures teriology. Candidates can enter for the First Examiand instruction in Anatomy and Physiology (Human nation in three divisions, the first embracing Physics and Comparative), Surgery, Pathology, Materia and Chemistry, the second Dental Metallurgy and Medica, Dental Histology, and Practical Dental Dental Mechanics, and the third Anatomy and Mechanics and Metallurgy; two years’ attendance Physiology. The examination in Dental Mechanics at a dental hospital or the dental department of a is practical ; and there is at the Final Examination general hospital recognised by the College. Practical an examination in Practical Dentistry conducted in instruction in Mechanical Dentistry from a registered a dental hospital. Copies of regulations, &c., to be Dentist, or in the Mechanical Department of a obtained from Mr. Walter Hurst, Registrar, Faculty recognised Dental Hospital and School, for three Hall, 242, St. Vincent-street, Glasgow. years. Candidates who have passed the First and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland.-Candidates Second Examinations for the Triple Qualification will for the Licence in Dental Surgery, aged at least 21, be exempt from the First Dental Examination, and pass two professional examinations. Before the First will have the advantage of being admissible either Examination the candidate must produce evidence of to the Final Dental Examination or to the subsequent having attended courses in Theoretical and Practical Examination for the Triple Qualification, or to both. Chemistry, including Metallurgy and Physics, at a But the First Dental Examination will not be held recognised institution ; of having been registered as a as equivalent to the First and Second Triple Exami- medical or dental student by the General Medical nations, and will admit to the Final Dental Examina- Council; and of having attended courses of instruction only. Candidates who are Licentiates of this tion in the following subjects at a recognised school College or who may be registered medical practitioners of medicine : (a) Anatomy Lectures ; (b) Dissections will be required to produce certificates of attendance with Demonstrations ; (c) Physiology, including on the special subjects only and will be examined in Dental Physiology ; (d) Practical Physiology and these only for the dental diploma. First Professional Histology, including Dental Physiology and Histology, Examination : The candidate must have attended Human and Comparative. Before the Final Dental the required courses. The examination embraces Examination the candidate must have been engaged (1) Chemistry and Physics ; and (2) Anatomy and during a period of two years in acquiring a practical Physiology. The fee is 25 5s. for the complete familiarity with the details of Mechanical Dentistry examination, and 23 3s. is payable for each division. under the instruction of a registered dentist, or under In all cases of rejected candidates the fee for re-entry the direction of the superintendent of the Mechanical is .S3 3s. Second Examination : The candidate must Department of a recognised Dental Hospital, and have attended the remaining courses of the curri- have attended, at institutions recognised by the College must produce certificates showing that he for the purpose, the following courses of instruction: culum, is 21 years of age, and must pay a fee of 210 10s., (a) Dental Surgery and Pathology, Orthodontia, and for re-entry 25 5s. The examination embraces the Materia Medica and Therapeutics applicable to (1) Surgery and Medicine ; and (2) the special sub- Dental Surgery. Lectures. Two courses. (b) Dental jects of Dental Anatomy and Physiology, Dental Mechanics. Lectures. Two courses. (c) Dental Surgery and Pathology, Dental Materia Medica, Anatomy. Lectures. One course. (d) The practice Dental Mechanics and Dental Metallurgy, with a of a Dental Hospital, or of the Dental Department of practical as well as the written and oral examinations a General Hospital. Two years. He must also have in the subjects of Dental and Oral Surgery, Pathology, attended Clinical instructions at a recognised General and Mechanics. The candidate will be tested in the Hospital during the ordinary teaching sessions (nine Treatment of Dental Diseases, in Operative Dentistry, months), and have been engaged during four years the Administration of Anaesthetics, Orthodontics, and in the acquirement of professional knowledge subin Prosthetic and Mechanical Dentistry. Candidates sequently to the date of registration as a medical or who claim exemption from the First Dental Examina- dental student. One year’s bona-fide apprenticeship tion on the ground of having passed the First and with a registered dental practitioner, after being Second Triple Qualification Examinations or other registered as a medical or dental student, may be recognised examinations will, before being admitted counted as one of the four years of professional study. to the Second Dental Examination, be required to In the First Dental Examination candidates will be pay the total fee of 215 15s. payable for the dental examined in (A) Physics and Chemistry, including diploma. Fees and schedules must be lodged with the Practical Chemistry and Metallurgy. (B) Anatomy, Clerk not later than one week before the examination. Physiology, and Histology-General and Dental. All Higher Dental Diploma.-The College grants a the subjects may be passed at the same time, or they Higher Dental Diploma which is registrable in the may be passed in two groups (A and B). Dentists Register as an additional qualification. In the Final Dental Examination candidates will Every candidate for the Higher Dental Diploma shall be examined in General Pathology, Medicine, and produce evidence that he has been engaged in the Surgery; Dental Surgery, and Dental Pathology, study or practice of his profession as a Registered with the Materia Medica and Therapeutics applicable Dentist for at least one year subsequent to his having to Dental Surgery ; Dental Mechanics and Metallurgy-, obtained the Licence in Dental Surgery of the College, Orthodontia. Candidates must pass in all the subjects or a Licence or Qualification in Dental Surgery at one examination. The total fee for the Diploma specially recognised by the College. Particulars as in Dental Surgery is 20 guineas. to the examinations can be obtained from Mr. D. L. The teaching of University of Birmingham. Eadie, Clerk to the Royal College of Surgeons, 49, Dentistry is undertaken by the University acting in Lauriston-place, Edinburgh. The fee payable by association with the Birmingham Dental Hospital and Licentiates of the College is 215 15s. For all other the Birmingham Clinical Board. The instruction at candidates 221. A fee of 210 10s. is retained for the Dental Hospital is carried out under the direction examination expenses in the case of referred candi- of the University Dental Clinical Board, so that students may fully qualify themselves for the Dental dates. The examination embraces the following branches Diploma (L.D.S.) of this and other universities and of Dental Science and practice : Dental Surgery, licensing bodies. There is a special and well-equipped a
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487 An Entrance and Laboratory. Exhibition, value 37 10s., is awarded annually at the commencement of the winter session. The following in Dentistry :are the regulations for Degrees 1. The degrees conferred by the University are those of Bachelor and Master of Dental Surgery (B.D.S. and M.D.S.). 2. All candidates for these degrees
extends over four years. A three years’ pupilage in Mechanical Dentistry is required and four examinations must be passed, the subjects of which differ only from those of the B.D.S. in that Zoology is not required for the First Examination, and Medicine is not required for the Final Examination. Candidates who are already registered medical practitioners shall must pass the same Matriculation Examination as be further exempted from study and examination in that required from candidates for Medical Degrees. Physics and Chemistry, Anatomy, Physiology and 3. The degree of Bachelor of Dental Surgery is not Histology, Medicine, and General Surgery. conferred upon any candidate who has not obtained University of Durham.-Every candidate for the The candidate is not Licence in Dental a Licence in Dental Surgery. Surgery must be registered as a eligible for the degree until a period of 12 months has dental student. There are four Examinations. The elapsed from the passing of his examination for the subjects are :-First:(a) Chemistry ; and (b) Physics. Licence in Dental Surgery. Of this period at least Second :: (a) Dental Mechanics, Theoretical and six months must be spent in the dental department Practical; (b) Dental Metallurgy. Third: (a) of a general hospital approved by the University. and Histology ; (c) Dental Anatomy ; (b) Physiology 4. 1. In addition to the Licence in Dental Surgery the and Dental Histology; and (d) Dental candidate must produce evidence that he has attended Anatomy Materia Medica. Final:: (a) Surgery; (b) Dental the courses required by medical students of the including Prosthetics and Orthodontia; University in the following subjects and passed the Surgery, Dental Surgery, Practical Examination ; (c) Operative Examinations held in the same for Medical and Surgical and A Dental Pathology and Bacteriology. (d) Degrees : (a) Chemistry and Practical Chemistry, candidate before presenting himself for examination (b) Physics and Practical Physics, (c) Elementary is required to furnish certificates of instruction in the Biology, (d) Anatomy and Practical Anatomy, and following subjects, attended after registration as a (e) Physiology and Practical Physiology. B. That he dental student at recognised Colleges or Schools :has passed the class examinations in : (f) One Special First Examination Chemistry and Physics. Second Course of Lectures on Medicine, (g) One Special Examination:: Dental Mechanics and Dental MetalCourse of Lectures on Surgery, and (h) Pathology and Third Examinatiorr: Anatomy. with Dislurgy. Bacteriology. C. That he has attended courses and sections ; Physiology; Histology; Dental Anatomy passed the class examinations in : (k) Dental Histo- and Physiology; Dental Histology ; and Dental logy and Patho-Histology, (1) Comparative Dental Materia Medica. Final examination:Dental HoAnatomy, and (m) Dental Surgery and Prosthetic pital Practice (two years); General Hospital Practice Dentistry. D. That he has received instruction in the (nine months) ; Medicine Lectures (two terms) :-, Clinical Examination of living cases at the dental Surgery Lectures (two terms) ; Dental Surgery and department of a general hospital for a period of not Pathology (a course of not less than 20 lectures) ; less than six months. 5. The Final Examination will Dental Bacteriology (three terms) ; Operative Dental deal with the subjects in Classes C and D. 6. On the Surgery (not less than 12 lectures) ; and Anaesthetics expiration of 12 months from the date of passing the (a course of not less than one month). Examination for the Degree of Bachelor of Dental Before admission to the Final Examination each Surgery, the candidate will be eligible for that of candidate must furnish evidence (1) of having attained Master of Dental Surgery. 7. For this degree candi- the age of 21 years ; (2) of having undergone a three dates will be required to submit a thesis containing pupilage in Mechanical Dentistry with a years’ original work, and investigations in some subject registered dentist ; and (3) of having been engaged connected with Dentistry, which theses shall be in study for at least four years subsequent submitted to examiners to be nominated by the to professional The examinations as a dental student. registration Dental Advisory Board. will be held concurrently with the medical examinaUniversity of Bristol.-Oandidates for the degree of tions, and the fees payable by candidates are as Bachelor of Dental Surgery must be not less than 21 follows : Second First Examination, 22 10s. ; years of age and shall have pursued the courses Examination, 22 10s. ;Third Examination, 23 10s. ;; prescribed by University regulations during not less Final Examination, 93 10s. ; fee for Licence, B3 ;; than .five years, of which three shall have been passed total, :815. For re-examination : First Examination, in the University, and shall have been registered as 2110s. ; Second Examination, :E2 ; Third Examinadental students by the General Medical Council. All tion, 22 (in one part only, 1) ; Fourth Examination, candidates for the degree of B.D.S. are required to .83. The practical examinations in dentistry will be satisfy the examiners in the several subjects of four conducted at the Newcastle Dental Hospital. examinations. The First Examination : The subjects University of Leeds.-The degrees in Dental Surgery are Chemistry, Physics, and Zoology, and the curriculum extends over one year.The Third Examination : are Bachelor of Dental Surgery (B.Ch.D.) and Master The subjects are Dental Mechanics, Dental Metallurgy, of Dental Surgery (M.Ch.D.). All candidates for the and Dental Materia Medica, and the candidate shall degree of Bachelor of Dental Surgery shall be required the Matriculation Examination, to produce evidence of having served for three years an to have passedthereafter pursued approved courses of study approved pupilage in Dental Mechanics. The Second have Examination : The subjects are Anatomy, Physiology, for not less than five academic years, two of such and Histology, Dental Anatomy, and Dental Histo- years at least having been passed in the University to the date of passing Parts I. and II. logy. The Final Examination: The subjects are subsequently of the First Examination; and to have completed Medicine and Surgery, Dental Surgery (including of pupilage or hospital attendance, or Prosthetics), Operative Dental Surgery, and Dental such period be prescribed by the regulations of the Bacteriology. Degree of Master of Dental Surgery : both, as may No candidate will be admitted to the Candidates shall be Bachelors of the University, shall University. who has not attained the age of 21 years on the degree a Dissertation on some of Dental present subject The classes in the Department of Surgery to be approved by the Examiners, and pass day of graduation. on Oct. 2nd. The instruction in the Dentistry begin an examination in Dental Surgery. in Diploma of Preliminary subjects Physics, and Chemistry, Dental Surgery : Candidates need not be undergraduates, but shall have passed an entrance examination Biology are given at the University in College-road. satisfactory to the University before being admitted The classes in the other subjects and the systematic to any professional examination ; the curriculum courses in Dental subjects are held in the School of Medicine of the University in Thoresby-place. The * Candidates who have passed the Higher School Certificate clinical instruction is given in the Dental Department approved by the Board of Education in these subjects will not at the Leeds General Infirmary. Applications for the be required to sit for the first examination for either the B.D.S. prospectus should be made to the Dean of the Faculty or the L.D.S., and will be regarded as having completed one I of Medicine. year of study.
Dental Museum
488
University of Liverpool, School of Dental Surgery.- three equal yearly instalments. The composition University grants a Licence in Dental Surgery fee for candidates for the University Diploma in (L.D.S.) and degrees in Dental Surgery (B.D.S. Dentistry is 83 guineas, payable in three equal yearly and M.D.S.). The management of the curriculum instalments. The composition fee for candidates for (lectures, practical and clinical) is in the hands of the the L.D.S. of England is 93 guineas, payable in three University Board of Dental Studies. The courses of equal yearly instalments. Students who have already systematic instruction are given in the main Univer- served their apprenticeship with a private practisity buildings, and those in Dental Mechanics, tioner, and who propose to complete the final portion of their attendance at the University and at an are given in the Operative Dental Surgery, &c., University School Extension (opened 1922), adjoining approved dental hospital, will be required to pay the the Dental Hospital, the laboratory of which is in composition fee in two equal instalments at the comcharge of a skilled dental mechanic under the super- mencement of the first and second years of studentvision of the Director of Dental Education. The ship. The composition fee does not include the clinical instruction is given in the Dental Hospital. hospital fees, the examination fees, nor the fee for the Students can take the whole curriculum including conferment of the degree or the diploma. Dental Mechanics, at the University School of Dental Queen’s University of Belfast.-At the beginning of 1920-21 a Department of Dentistry was session of at the the lectures The times University Surgery. are arranged to meet the convenience of students, opened, and the following degrees and diplomas are thus allowing the maximum time for attendance upon now conferred: Licentiate in Dental Surgery, Bachelor Dental Hospital practice. Fees : The fees for the of Dental Surgery, and Master of Dental Surgery. complete courses, including Pupilage and Hospital I, Lecturers have been appointed in Dental Surgery, Practice, are as follows : Degree of B.D.S., ;E337 10s.’, Dental Mechanics, Dental Metallurgy and Materia M.D.S., 20 ; L.D.S. (Liverpool), .8199 ; L.D.S. Medica, and Orthodontia. The
{other licensing bodies), 3203.
Further information
may be had from the Director of Dental Prof. W. H. Gilmour.
Education,
TEACHING INSTITUTIONS IN DENTISTRY. The institutions which follow offer facilities in Dental Surgery.-In order to be admitted to the Bachelor’s Degree in Dental Surgery a student must addition to those provided by the above Universities, LONDON. normally, after registration as an Internal Student, have--(1) Attended prescribed courses of study for Royal Dental Hospital of London, School of Dental five years at one or more Schools of the University. i S1trgery, Leicester-square.-A school of the University (2) Passed the following examinations : (a) First of London, and women are now admitted as students Examination in Dental Surgery (Inorganic Chemistry, and are eligible for all hospital appointments and Physics, and General Biology), to be passed as a rule school prizes. The school provides the special dental not less than nine months after Matriculation. (b) education required by the Royal College of Surgeons Second Examination in Dental Surgery (Anatomy, for the Licence in Dental Surgery. The general part Physiology, Special Anatomy and Histology, of the curriculum may be taken at any general Pharmacology), to be passed not less than 17 hospital. The hospital is open from 9 A.M. to 5 P.M., months after completing the First Examination. there being one staff for the morning and another for (c) Third Examination in Dental Surgery, Part I the afternoon of each day. Pupils are received for (Pathology and Bacteriology, Medicine, Surgery), to the training in dental mechanics recognised by the be passed not less than 15 months after completing curriculum. The demonstrators at the commencethe Second Examination and before entry to Part I. ment of each session give a course of lectures on of the Third Examination. Third Examination in Operative Dental Surgery. The five house surgeonDental Surgery, Part II. (Prosthetic Dentistry cies are held for six months each and are open to all including Dental Metallurgy), to be passed after qualified students. The lecturers, in addition to passing Part I. of the Third Examination, and not their lectures, give special demonstrations on the less than 18 months after completing the Second Microscopy of Dental Anatomy and Dental Surgery. Examination. (d) Fourth (B.D.S.) Examination in The lecturer on Dental Mechanics also gives practical Dental Surgery (Dental Surgery, Operative Dental demonstrations in the laboratory. There is an Surgery, Orthodontics), to be passed not less than Entrance Scholarship in Chemistry and Physics of 12 months after completing the Third Examination, the value of 250. One Entrance Scholarship in and not less than five years after Matriculation. The Dental Mechanics and Metallurgy, value 225, open to Regulations in Dental Surgery for External Students pupils of the Hospital only. One Entrance Scholarhave not yet been approved. ship of 225 in Dental Mechanics, open to pupils of University of London.-The curriculum for the private practitioners. The Saunders Scholarship of degree of Bachelor of Dental Surgery covers five years 220 and Saunders Prize of 25awarded to second year from Matriculation. The Regulations for Internal students. The Storer Bennett Research Scholarship Students may be obtained post-free on application to for Scientific Research in any branch of Dental The Surgery, value 250, is awarded triennially. The the Academic Registrar at the University. Regulations for External Students have not yet been Alfred Woodhouse Scholarship of 235 and the Robert Woodhouse Prize of 210 for Practical Dental Surgery. approved by the Senate. University of ltlarcchester.-In the University of Prizes and certificates are awarded by the lecturers Manchester the Dental Department forms an integral for the best examinations in the subjects of their part of the Faculty of Medicine. This contains a respective courses at the end of the summer and series of laboratories, lecture rooms, and museums winter sessions. Fee for two years’ hospital practice which will bear comparison with those of any other required by the curriculum, including lectures, ;1)70 school in the kingdom, and the fullest opportunities in one payment, or jE73 10s. in two yearly instalments. for study are qffered to students preparing for any of The curriculum requires two years to be passed at a the professional examinations. Instruction adapted General Hospital ; the fee for this is about B63. to the requirements of students preparing for the Both hospitals can be attended simultaneously. For B.D.S. Degree and the Dental Diplomas of the the lectures in Chemistry and Physics for the PreUniversity, the Royal College of Surgeons of England, liminary Science Examination £ l3 13s. The fee for and of other licensing bodies is given throughout the the instruction in Dental Mechanics and the two years’ session both at the University and at the Dental hospital practice required by the curriculum is ;B200 Hospital of Manchester adjoining the University. if paid in one instalment, or 200 guineas if paid in The required general hospital practice is taken at the three equal instalments. The fee for tuition in Dental Manchester Royal Infirmary. Women students are Mechanics is .870 per annum; for one year’s hospital admitted to the classes in the Dental Department, practice 228. The Winter Session opens on Oct. 2nd. and for them common rooms are provided. The comUniversity College Hospital Dental School, corner position fee for candidates for the University degree of of Great Portland and Devonshire-streets, W.-This Bachelor of Dental Surgery is 93 guineas, payable in Hospital and School has recently been thoroughly
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