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Der Einfluss der freien Ozeane auf die Bestimmung des Verhaltens der Erdkruste aus Horizontalpendelmessungen
Oceanographic Abstracts
1047
GREAT BRITAIN,INTERGOVERNMENTALOCEANOGRAPHICCOMMISSION,1963. Surface temperature and salinity observations H.M.S. Owen 1961--1962. AdmiralO, Marine Science, Pubis. London, (5): unnumbered pages, (Multilithed). The surface temperature and salinity distributions and the current system in the northwestern Indian Ocean during the period November 1961-May 1962 are described and compared with the average conditions given by earlier workers and with the fndings for the VITIAZ 1959-60 cruise. Temperatures were on the whole 1° to U C higher than the mean values given by Sehott and the position and orientation of the heat equator in each month was considerably different from his. Further, the area off the Somali coast was found to have the highest temperature at all times during the period. The biggest difference as far as the salinity distributions are concerned was in the positions of the axis and the westerly extension of the low salinity water of the North Equatorial Current in December-January. The position of this current was for much of the time not in accord with the descriptions of earlier workers : its axis and westerly extension showed a striking shift between December-January and April. An area with a large standing crop of phytoplankton was found in the northern-most Arabian Sea in April-May in an area where upwelling was taking place. GRIFFITHS RAYMOND C., 1965. A study of ocean fronts off Cape San Lucas, Lower California.
U.S.F.W.S., Spec. Sci. Rept., l~Tsh., No. 499:54 pp. (multilithed/. The general concept of a front is discussed, with some emphasis on the problem of strict definition and on the probable effects of a front on the biota. A note is made of the lack of precise studies, particularly biological studies. Some of the difficulties in obtaining observations at five fronts off Cape San Lucas are rnentioned. Data front two cruises in April and May 1960 are used to depict the main oceanographic features of the area at large. The most easily studied, sharpest, and most stable front was found off Cape San Lucas on a cruise in April 1961. Here warm, saline Gulf of California water moved slowly inshore, while cool, less saline California Current water moved slowly eastward offshore, the front being maintained between them. Profles of all the main oceanographic variables across the best studied front were drawn front data of two triplets of hydrocasts, a day apart, across the front. The vertical temperature and salinity distributions showed the interface between the two water masses to be Z-shaped. Animal and plant plankton and nekton were measured in relation to this front, but the evidence for accumulation of biota at the front is not conclusive. Four other fronts were studied, though not as thoroughly ; the data from them are used to illustrate certain difficulties in studying fronts. GR1M O., 1964. Surging motion and broaching tendencies in a severe irregular sea. Dt. hwho~zr, Z., 16 (5): 201-231. Nonlinearities are very significant for the surging motion of a ship in a following sea. Results are presently available only for the surging motion in regular following waves. The law of superposition cannot be used to treat the nonlinear surging motion in an irregular sea. Therefore, it is not possible to extend the results obtained in regular waves to predict the behaviour in an irregular sea. A method to overcome these difficulties is presented in Part 1 of this report. Using this method, results are obtained for nonlinear surging motion; in particular, solutions are given for the acceleration of a ship to an increased speed and for the subsequent run at that increased speed. Based on the results obtained in Part 1, the problem of broaching is discussed in Part 2. A connection between broaching and nonlinear surging motion was presumed in previous discussions about broaching. This connection is confirmed and, furthermore, nonlinear surging motion is found to be the most important pre-condition for broaching. GRUBISIC FABJAN, 1964. Sardine fishing grounds along the Yugoslav Adriatic coast, their distribution and characteristics. (In Jugoslavian; English resume). Aeta adriat., 11 (1): 103-110. On the basis of the repeatedly checked observations n-tade through a number of years, the author states that the sardine fishing grounds are affected by the depth of the sea, by the composition of the sea bottom, and by their distance front the seashore. 200 m is the maximum depth at which sardine live, but they rarely go deeper than 100 m during the fishing season. The examination of the sea bottom of the best sardine fishing grounds has shown that they are mostly composed of limestone and sand with shells. The distance of a fishing ground front the edge of the sea is directly dependent on the rate of slope of the hard part of the continental shelf, i.e. the steeper the seashore the nearer the fishing grounds, and the gentler the slope the more distant the fishing grounds. G ROTENE., 1963. Der Einfluss der freien Ozeane auf die Bestirnmung des Verhaltens der Erdkruste aus Horizontalpendelmessungen. Geofis. pura appl. 54 (1): 6-24. Using H o u o n ' s theory of dynamic tides the influence of the free oceans on the horizontal components of earth tides is investigated. It is shown that the investigated anomalies and differences in the horizontal pendulum measurements can not be entirely interpreted as influence of the oceanic tides but reveal an influence of the structure of the earth crust.
1047
GREAT BRITAIN,INTERGOVERNMENTALOCEANOGRAPHICCOMMISSION,1963. Surface temperature and salinity observations H.M.S. Owen 1961--1962. AdmiralO, Marine Science, Pubis. London, (5): unnumbered pages, (Multilithed). The surface temperature and salinity distributions and the current system in the northwestern Indian Ocean during the period November 1961-May 1962 are described and compared with the average conditions given by earlier workers and with the fndings for the VITIAZ 1959-60 cruise. Temperatures were on the whole 1° to U C higher than the mean values given by Sehott and the position and orientation of the heat equator in each month was considerably different from his. Further, the area off the Somali coast was found to have the highest temperature at all times during the period. The biggest difference as far as the salinity distributions are concerned was in the positions of the axis and the westerly extension of the low salinity water of the North Equatorial Current in December-January. The position of this current was for much of the time not in accord with the descriptions of earlier workers : its axis and westerly extension showed a striking shift between December-January and April. An area with a large standing crop of phytoplankton was found in the northern-most Arabian Sea in April-May in an area where upwelling was taking place. GRIFFITHS RAYMOND C., 1965. A study of ocean fronts off Cape San Lucas, Lower California.
U.S.F.W.S., Spec. Sci. Rept., l~Tsh., No. 499:54 pp. (multilithed/. The general concept of a front is discussed, with some emphasis on the problem of strict definition and on the probable effects of a front on the biota. A note is made of the lack of precise studies, particularly biological studies. Some of the difficulties in obtaining observations at five fronts off Cape San Lucas are rnentioned. Data front two cruises in April and May 1960 are used to depict the main oceanographic features of the area at large. The most easily studied, sharpest, and most stable front was found off Cape San Lucas on a cruise in April 1961. Here warm, saline Gulf of California water moved slowly inshore, while cool, less saline California Current water moved slowly eastward offshore, the front being maintained between them. Profles of all the main oceanographic variables across the best studied front were drawn front data of two triplets of hydrocasts, a day apart, across the front. The vertical temperature and salinity distributions showed the interface between the two water masses to be Z-shaped. Animal and plant plankton and nekton were measured in relation to this front, but the evidence for accumulation of biota at the front is not conclusive. Four other fronts were studied, though not as thoroughly ; the data from them are used to illustrate certain difficulties in studying fronts. GR1M O., 1964. Surging motion and broaching tendencies in a severe irregular sea. Dt. hwho~zr, Z., 16 (5): 201-231. Nonlinearities are very significant for the surging motion of a ship in a following sea. Results are presently available only for the surging motion in regular following waves. The law of superposition cannot be used to treat the nonlinear surging motion in an irregular sea. Therefore, it is not possible to extend the results obtained in regular waves to predict the behaviour in an irregular sea. A method to overcome these difficulties is presented in Part 1 of this report. Using this method, results are obtained for nonlinear surging motion; in particular, solutions are given for the acceleration of a ship to an increased speed and for the subsequent run at that increased speed. Based on the results obtained in Part 1, the problem of broaching is discussed in Part 2. A connection between broaching and nonlinear surging motion was presumed in previous discussions about broaching. This connection is confirmed and, furthermore, nonlinear surging motion is found to be the most important pre-condition for broaching. GRUBISIC FABJAN, 1964. Sardine fishing grounds along the Yugoslav Adriatic coast, their distribution and characteristics. (In Jugoslavian; English resume). Aeta adriat., 11 (1): 103-110. On the basis of the repeatedly checked observations n-tade through a number of years, the author states that the sardine fishing grounds are affected by the depth of the sea, by the composition of the sea bottom, and by their distance front the seashore. 200 m is the maximum depth at which sardine live, but they rarely go deeper than 100 m during the fishing season. The examination of the sea bottom of the best sardine fishing grounds has shown that they are mostly composed of limestone and sand with shells. The distance of a fishing ground front the edge of the sea is directly dependent on the rate of slope of the hard part of the continental shelf, i.e. the steeper the seashore the nearer the fishing grounds, and the gentler the slope the more distant the fishing grounds. G ROTENE., 1963. Der Einfluss der freien Ozeane auf die Bestirnmung des Verhaltens der Erdkruste aus Horizontalpendelmessungen. Geofis. pura appl. 54 (1): 6-24. Using H o u o n ' s theory of dynamic tides the influence of the free oceans on the horizontal components of earth tides is investigated. It is shown that the investigated anomalies and differences in the horizontal pendulum measurements can not be entirely interpreted as influence of the oceanic tides but reveal an influence of the structure of the earth crust.