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Description of a machine for hulling rice, invented in the United States, and patented in England
308
WI~,S0N'S Machine Jot Ilulli~tg Rice°
must be attached to the lower parts of the apl)aratus , two of which are represented in tile drawing. The patentee likewise contemplates the employment of the same apparatus, divested of the weights, ill mines and other places tilled with deleterious gases~ wherehl it may be used with perfect safet), and great advantage.
Description of a Machine for Ihdling Rice, im:ented in lhe Unffed States~ a~zd patented in .England, by MELVX~. ~VILSOX~ age~t of the invention. ~]nrolled, June, 18c27. ThE apparatus by which the natives in most countries, where rice is grown, deprive th(~ grain of its husk~ is so rude and ineffective, that it is a matter of sui-prise the experience and wants of society have not~ until lately~ caused the introduction of contrivances better calculated lbr the purpose. A machine for etfecting this operation must necessarily be very simple, as the act required consists merci3" in rubbing the grains against one another, o," in contact with som'e other substance. Of these two modes, the latter is attended with the disadvantage of causing a deposition of small particles from the foreign stllbstance (detached from it by collision) upon the grain; to remove x~hieh an additional operation becomes necessary, oi; the rice would not be proper for food. T h e inconvenience .just stated, has, we know, resulted fl'om an attempt.to clean rice in the manner that many articles of manutimture are cleansed, viz. by turning the grain round in a barrel fixed upon a revolving axis~ in which was also deposited a quantity of pebbles; the husking was, however, thus quickly accomplished, and the pebbles were separated with facility by throwing them upon a sieve, tile meshes of which were adapted to let only the rice pass through~ and to detain the stones. To conduct the operation of husking simply by the collision of lhe grains of rice against one another, has not only the advantage of s~.~perior eleanli,~ess, but, we think, also that of greater ezl~edit~on. On this principle is constructed the machine we have to describe, which is the invention of a fiweigner residing at New York, and has beel~ patented in this country by Mr. Wilson, as the commercial agent of the inventor. The enrolled specification of this patent is very concise, and describes merely a portion of the machin% as represcuh'd on the other side of the page, the additions being made by us to render tile apparatus more complete~ and worthy of adoption in the Colonies, not doubting that tile patentee will be disposed to ~rant licenses fbr the use of that portion of the apparatus claimed b37him as original; anti, as respects our additions, they art fi'ee gifts to whomsoever they may be useful. The patented portion consists of a long holh)w cylinder of met:al or wood; around the interior surface of whie]i are tix:ed, at equal distances and in parallel circles, a series of angular bars~ pr()jeetl)tg towards the centre or axis of the cylinder: this cylinder revolve~ loouely on a central shaft, which passes through it,-and is provided
WILSON'S Machine for ttulling Riee.
SO9
with a similar number of bars, pointing (as radii) from the centre t. the circumForm}ce, and passi~lg alte,'nately between tile bars in the cyl!n.d(..r, so as ~o leave,'~vhen"at their nearest proximity~ (or in opl)OSmOn). . an inc I. free. ..~Dace, .. between., them. Thus.. disposed, the c,)'hnder is place I m au mchned pnsmon, the rme is allowed to enter it at the top, while the cylinder in made to revolve with a " s l o w motion." i~ one direction, the axis moving at the same time at " a high speed," and in a contrary direction; consequently, as the rice passes through the cylinder, (t~e grain will be cmlsidcralfly a~zitatcd and iurned about; ai~(l, by that means, the husks will l)e r,bbed off belbre passing out at tim h)wer emt i)1'the cvlimler. To render the constructi(m of the iuterim'~d' the cvlimh,r perfectly Uill[erstood~ we. h a v e all|leXed t h e di{l~Faltis ill (hP I/uir~}ll.
Fig. 1 represents a plan 1)[ the cap . f |he cvlhuhu', not tixe(l thereto, nor to the ax:is, whicl~ Ims~es ,,:"" ~ " throu.gh it, but t(}lhe framim: whi(h s,qq,m'I~ tim hop- ( pcr;ltscrvesiherolLre l(~ ~uhh" the grain inl. the :.%~ e.ylinder, :rod to kee l) ou[; dirt ami other adve~tifi(ms :'~ Siihs(:a.nces.
",
!
" '] /
,: :
Fig. ~ is called, in lho spe('iticatioii, " a socket wheel;" it is fixed direcIl,,: under the cap to |he cy.. ~ ~ . ~ : ~ ? [inder; and the axis passe~ thrmlgh lhe sockei, which. / ~ ~,~ serves, therefore, as a [)earin~ for both the axi~ aml I ~ i the cylinder, permitting them to revolve frec.ly in contrary directions. For tile convenience of removal, this wheel is made to divide in two parts, an shown,
Fig. :3 gives a t~'ansverse section of the cylinder and axis, each of which being shown as provided with four bars, that number bein~ tixed in each parallel circl% and alternately as re£pects those on the cylinder and fimse on the axis. This section likewise shows the cylinder as made of wood (with hoops ~ ~ " round it) am] that it is composed of eight distinct ~,~ pieces or segments; on each of the eight segments is fix@ a h>ngitudioal row of similar bars, though only IW,,~9 four (the number in one circle) are brought into view to prevent eO}lf'tlsion. Fig. 4 is a transverse section of one of the betbre mentioned bars, showing that they are orthe figure of a quadranv, ular prism, that shape being prel;erred by the patentee for the i : a i , , ~ ' i, questioli. Fig. 5 is a plan of the bottom of tim cylinder; it is fi)rn'md ih I)qrt like tile socket wheel, described in Fi,~ g, but the SlmCeS Iwl~m'n tile spokes are closed; in each of these compartments a lara;e ap.q .... ture is made for the egressi(m of the grltin, ~hic, h is regulai,'d at pleasure by s i1 g doors to each, as )el))('s('utt'd. , The sl}eeil~cati(m ~tates, lhal ill[, c) lindm ma,,, !.: VV()I~. " i 'f m ,,~,1,.~ a ver~tieaI~ siP, inclint,d~ or a h.rrz, m{al l,O4~hm, and ~ilb ~ha* ~i,'~t the sketeiu> attae i'd t~ it (lh.' al,C,'illcau,m) at,' apl)a,,'I~ ) ' h ' s i a ~
,~lO
lVn.so,~'s Machine for ItulIi*tg Rice.
ed to exhibit a method of altering the position at pleasure;~ the upper extremity of tl~e axis of mofiori al)peavs (by dotted lines) to be ves:;ng on a~)ivot beam, aml to the lowe," extremity is a re',"utaiin~ screw, by which that erJd may be elevated or depressed at i;ieasm,e: *he questi(m of the best position of the cylinder is; howevm-, decided by the patentee himscl t~ who pret>vs it at an inclination of about 45°: we Imve accordingly 1.hu.~ placed it in our dt'awing~ with the omis. sian of the apparatus [by altering its position.
f'the ,~ltm'atmnsm the pomtton of' the cylindm, be ¢tesiffned |o ,mcelc;'ale or retard the passing through of the rice, dmt object is cff'e~'t'edby e~l,a'tdn~o, decreasing the apertures at bottom, by the slidiJ~g' door~ i~s betb{'e men't!io~'~'d.
LccAs and EwBAmds ,qpparatus f o r cleaning Rice.
31 !
No gearin~ fiw communicating motion to the cylinder and axis is either shown]n the sketches, or described in the specification; we have therefore taken the liberty of placing such as appeared to us the best calculated to etlhct the motion intended, by the simplest means, and in the least compass; we are aware that the combination of file two wheels and pinion shown, is peculiar, perhaps never before proposed or attempted; ne~'ertheless, we are convinced that they will, properly constructed, perfi,-m well. At Fig. O the machine is shown COml)lete.~a a is the husking cylinder; b the axis, turning in plummer blocks at c c; on tile ax{s, b, is fixed a slightly-bevelled pinion, d; at c is a bevelled wheel, and at j ' a fitced wheel. Motion 'being given to the winch, g, by mamlal tbrce (or other power,) a "high speed" is thereby communicated to tile shaft in one direction, and a " s l . w ,notioll" to the cylinder in a contrary direction: du,'i,~ which the rice from the ho]me," h (shown m sectmn) is continually potwing into the top o[ the cyhnder, and as fast as it is husked, rul~ni]l~Z out at the bottodl, i. ilere ends ihe proeess as described in the Slmciticatlon , but we have thought it not amiss ~o propose separating; the husks m- c}mir fro:u the rice as it ,',ms out of the cylinder; accordingly, we s,u~gcst the addition of a blast cylinder or winnow, at k, which may be actuated by a baml passing round ttle cylinder, a, or round a pulley at the back of the bevelled wheel, e; the husks may thus be completely separated from tile grain at a single operation, in one connected machine, by a very slight ino crease of power, instead of two operations with distinct apparatus. •
,
\
.
¢3
.
.
L
~.
.qccount of the .qpparatus for cleaning paddy, or rough l~ice, I'atented by Mrssrts. LvcAs and Ewna~x. Enrolled, May, 1827.
THE specification of this patent states, that it is for improvements upon a patent, granted in the year 1819, for the same purpose, to Mr. Ewbank, one of the parties in the present grant, which consists in some slight variations from tile former process; fouml, nevertheless, to be essential to the perfection of the operations, and a more economical mode of preparing the rice for market. The specification of tile present patent, briefly recites the process described under the former, by which the improvements subsequently made, will be better understood; it consisted as follows: Tile rough rice, or paddy, was first cleansed from dirt aml othcr foreign matter, by passing it over a screen, which, detaining the rice, allowed the impurities to pass through. The paddy in this state was taken to mill-stones, set ata proper distance apart, to rub offthe external shells or husks; the husks are next blown away by a t~nning machine~ the rice thus partially cleaned, is then deposited in mortars, where it is beaten and triturated fi,r depriving it of the thin under pellicle, or red skin; and when the trituration has been carried far enough, the contents of the mortars arc sifted upon a " slop-
WI~,S0N'S Machine Jot Ilulli~tg Rice°
must be attached to the lower parts of the apl)aratus , two of which are represented in tile drawing. The patentee likewise contemplates the employment of the same apparatus, divested of the weights, ill mines and other places tilled with deleterious gases~ wherehl it may be used with perfect safet), and great advantage.
Description of a Machine for Ihdling Rice, im:ented in lhe Unffed States~ a~zd patented in .England, by MELVX~. ~VILSOX~ age~t of the invention. ~]nrolled, June, 18c27. ThE apparatus by which the natives in most countries, where rice is grown, deprive th(~ grain of its husk~ is so rude and ineffective, that it is a matter of sui-prise the experience and wants of society have not~ until lately~ caused the introduction of contrivances better calculated lbr the purpose. A machine for etfecting this operation must necessarily be very simple, as the act required consists merci3" in rubbing the grains against one another, o," in contact with som'e other substance. Of these two modes, the latter is attended with the disadvantage of causing a deposition of small particles from the foreign stllbstance (detached from it by collision) upon the grain; to remove x~hieh an additional operation becomes necessary, oi; the rice would not be proper for food. T h e inconvenience .just stated, has, we know, resulted fl'om an attempt.to clean rice in the manner that many articles of manutimture are cleansed, viz. by turning the grain round in a barrel fixed upon a revolving axis~ in which was also deposited a quantity of pebbles; the husking was, however, thus quickly accomplished, and the pebbles were separated with facility by throwing them upon a sieve, tile meshes of which were adapted to let only the rice pass through~ and to detain the stones. To conduct the operation of husking simply by the collision of lhe grains of rice against one another, has not only the advantage of s~.~perior eleanli,~ess, but, we think, also that of greater ezl~edit~on. On this principle is constructed the machine we have to describe, which is the invention of a fiweigner residing at New York, and has beel~ patented in this country by Mr. Wilson, as the commercial agent of the inventor. The enrolled specification of this patent is very concise, and describes merely a portion of the machin% as represcuh'd on the other side of the page, the additions being made by us to render tile apparatus more complete~ and worthy of adoption in the Colonies, not doubting that tile patentee will be disposed to ~rant licenses fbr the use of that portion of the apparatus claimed b37him as original; anti, as respects our additions, they art fi'ee gifts to whomsoever they may be useful. The patented portion consists of a long holh)w cylinder of met:al or wood; around the interior surface of whie]i are tix:ed, at equal distances and in parallel circles, a series of angular bars~ pr()jeetl)tg towards the centre or axis of the cylinder: this cylinder revolve~ loouely on a central shaft, which passes through it,-and is provided
WILSON'S Machine for ttulling Riee.
SO9
with a similar number of bars, pointing (as radii) from the centre t. the circumForm}ce, and passi~lg alte,'nately between tile bars in the cyl!n.d(..r, so as ~o leave,'~vhen"at their nearest proximity~ (or in opl)OSmOn). . an inc I. free. ..~Dace, .. between., them. Thus.. disposed, the c,)'hnder is place I m au mchned pnsmon, the rme is allowed to enter it at the top, while the cylinder in made to revolve with a " s l o w motion." i~ one direction, the axis moving at the same time at " a high speed," and in a contrary direction; consequently, as the rice passes through the cylinder, (t~e grain will be cmlsidcralfly a~zitatcd and iurned about; ai~(l, by that means, the husks will l)e r,bbed off belbre passing out at tim h)wer emt i)1'the cvlimler. To render the constructi(m of the iuterim'~d' the cvlimh,r perfectly Uill[erstood~ we. h a v e all|leXed t h e di{l~Faltis ill (hP I/uir~}ll.
Fig. 1 represents a plan 1)[ the cap . f |he cvlhuhu', not tixe(l thereto, nor to the ax:is, whicl~ Ims~es ,,:"" ~ " throu.gh it, but t(}lhe framim: whi(h s,qq,m'I~ tim hop- ( pcr;ltscrvesiherolLre l(~ ~uhh" the grain inl. the :.%~ e.ylinder, :rod to kee l) ou[; dirt ami other adve~tifi(ms :'~ Siihs(:a.nces.
",
!
" '] /
,: :
Fig. ~ is called, in lho spe('iticatioii, " a socket wheel;" it is fixed direcIl,,: under the cap to |he cy.. ~ ~ . ~ : ~ ? [inder; and the axis passe~ thrmlgh lhe sockei, which. / ~ ~,~ serves, therefore, as a [)earin~ for both the axi~ aml I ~ i the cylinder, permitting them to revolve frec.ly in contrary directions. For tile convenience of removal, this wheel is made to divide in two parts, an shown,
Fig. :3 gives a t~'ansverse section of the cylinder and axis, each of which being shown as provided with four bars, that number bein~ tixed in each parallel circl% and alternately as re£pects those on the cylinder and fimse on the axis. This section likewise shows the cylinder as made of wood (with hoops ~ ~ " round it) am] that it is composed of eight distinct ~,~ pieces or segments; on each of the eight segments is fix@ a h>ngitudioal row of similar bars, though only IW,,~9 four (the number in one circle) are brought into view to prevent eO}lf'tlsion. Fig. 4 is a transverse section of one of the betbre mentioned bars, showing that they are orthe figure of a quadranv, ular prism, that shape being prel;erred by the patentee for the i : a i , , ~ ' i, questioli. Fig. 5 is a plan of the bottom of tim cylinder; it is fi)rn'md ih I)qrt like tile socket wheel, described in Fi,~ g, but the SlmCeS Iwl~m'n tile spokes are closed; in each of these compartments a lara;e ap.q .... ture is made for the egressi(m of the grltin, ~hic, h is regulai,'d at pleasure by s i1 g doors to each, as )el))('s('utt'd. , The sl}eeil~cati(m ~tates, lhal ill[, c) lindm ma,,, !.: VV()I~. " i 'f m ,,~,1,.~ a ver~tieaI~ siP, inclint,d~ or a h.rrz, m{al l,O4~hm, and ~ilb ~ha* ~i,'~t the sketeiu> attae i'd t~ it (lh.' al,C,'illcau,m) at,' apl)a,,'I~ ) ' h ' s i a ~
,~lO
lVn.so,~'s Machine for ItulIi*tg Rice.
ed to exhibit a method of altering the position at pleasure;~ the upper extremity of tl~e axis of mofiori al)peavs (by dotted lines) to be ves:;ng on a~)ivot beam, aml to the lowe," extremity is a re',"utaiin~ screw, by which that erJd may be elevated or depressed at i;ieasm,e: *he questi(m of the best position of the cylinder is; howevm-, decided by the patentee himscl t~ who pret>vs it at an inclination of about 45°: we Imve accordingly 1.hu.~ placed it in our dt'awing~ with the omis. sian of the apparatus [by altering its position.
f'the ,~ltm'atmnsm the pomtton of' the cylindm, be ¢tesiffned |o ,mcelc;'ale or retard the passing through of the rice, dmt object is cff'e~'t'edby e~l,a'tdn~o, decreasing the apertures at bottom, by the slidiJ~g' door~ i~s betb{'e men't!io~'~'d.
LccAs and EwBAmds ,qpparatus f o r cleaning Rice.
31 !
No gearin~ fiw communicating motion to the cylinder and axis is either shown]n the sketches, or described in the specification; we have therefore taken the liberty of placing such as appeared to us the best calculated to etlhct the motion intended, by the simplest means, and in the least compass; we are aware that the combination of file two wheels and pinion shown, is peculiar, perhaps never before proposed or attempted; ne~'ertheless, we are convinced that they will, properly constructed, perfi,-m well. At Fig. O the machine is shown COml)lete.~a a is the husking cylinder; b the axis, turning in plummer blocks at c c; on tile ax{s, b, is fixed a slightly-bevelled pinion, d; at c is a bevelled wheel, and at j ' a fitced wheel. Motion 'being given to the winch, g, by mamlal tbrce (or other power,) a "high speed" is thereby communicated to tile shaft in one direction, and a " s l . w ,notioll" to the cylinder in a contrary direction: du,'i,~ which the rice from the ho]me," h (shown m sectmn) is continually potwing into the top o[ the cyhnder, and as fast as it is husked, rul~ni]l~Z out at the bottodl, i. ilere ends ihe proeess as described in the Slmciticatlon , but we have thought it not amiss ~o propose separating; the husks m- c}mir fro:u the rice as it ,',ms out of the cylinder; accordingly, we s,u~gcst the addition of a blast cylinder or winnow, at k, which may be actuated by a baml passing round ttle cylinder, a, or round a pulley at the back of the bevelled wheel, e; the husks may thus be completely separated from tile grain at a single operation, in one connected machine, by a very slight ino crease of power, instead of two operations with distinct apparatus. •
,
\
.
¢3
.
.
L
~.
.qccount of the .qpparatus for cleaning paddy, or rough l~ice, I'atented by Mrssrts. LvcAs and Ewna~x. Enrolled, May, 1827.
THE specification of this patent states, that it is for improvements upon a patent, granted in the year 1819, for the same purpose, to Mr. Ewbank, one of the parties in the present grant, which consists in some slight variations from tile former process; fouml, nevertheless, to be essential to the perfection of the operations, and a more economical mode of preparing the rice for market. The specification of tile present patent, briefly recites the process described under the former, by which the improvements subsequently made, will be better understood; it consisted as follows: Tile rough rice, or paddy, was first cleansed from dirt aml othcr foreign matter, by passing it over a screen, which, detaining the rice, allowed the impurities to pass through. The paddy in this state was taken to mill-stones, set ata proper distance apart, to rub offthe external shells or husks; the husks are next blown away by a t~nning machine~ the rice thus partially cleaned, is then deposited in mortars, where it is beaten and triturated fi,r depriving it of the thin under pellicle, or red skin; and when the trituration has been carried far enough, the contents of the mortars arc sifted upon a " slop-