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Diabetes awareness in African-American adults
TUESDAY,OCTOBER23 POSTERSESSION:COMMUNITY NUTRITIONAND PUBLICHEALTH/NUTRITIONALSCIENCES TITLE: ETHNIC AND GENDER DIFFERENCES IN DIETS OF YOUNG ADULTS: THE BOGALUSA HEART STUDY THO ', ~ustat,~tiu ; TA Nicklas, DrPH2; SR Srinivason, PHD 1, GS; Berenson, MD'. tTulane School of Public Health; 2Baylor College of Medicine. LEARNING OUTCOME: To understand ethnic and gender differences in diets of young adults.
TITLE: DIABETES AWARENESS 1N AFRICAN-AMERICAN ADULTS
j A
AUTHOR(S):L.L. Kaiser, PhD RD; M.S. Townsend, PhD, RD; E.A. West, RD; F.M. Steinberg, Phi3, RD*; A.B. Joy, Phi); G.R. Brown, MPA; N.I. Feldman, MS, RD; M.A. Klenk, CFCS; E.U.Williams, MPA, R.D; C.L. Garrett, MS, RD; A.C. Martin; A. Olivares. Univ. of Calif. Cooperative Extension, UC Davis, CA LEARNING OUTCOME: To identify essential components for a nutrition education intervention designed to increase diabetes awareness in African-Americans.
ABSTRACT TEXT: The ethnic and gender differences in nutrient intake associated with cardiovascular risk remains unclear. Information is also lacking on the ethnic and gender differences in the nutrient intake of young adults. A self-reported food frequency questionnaire was administered to 1335 young adults (377 white males, 131 black males, 594 white females, 233 black females) aged 2038 years who participated in the 1995-96 Bogalusa Heart Study. In terms of total daily macronutrient intake, blacks, overall, consumed more energy, protein, sodium, cholesterol, fat, and carbohydrates than whites (p <0.001), and males consumed greater amounts of these macronutrients than females (p< 0.001) (total energy, keal: white males 2287.03 kcal; black males 2594.81 keal; white females 1982.68 kcal; black females 2486.32 kcal). Regarding total, daily micronutrient intake, blacks consumed more vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, vitamin B12 and magnesium than whites (p < 0.05). Whites bad higher intakes of vitamin E, iron and zinc (p < 0.05). Males had higher daily intakes of riboflavin, vitamin B12, calcium, magnesium and iron than females (p < 0.05 0.001), In terms of dietary composition (nutrients per 1000 kcal), the percentage of energy from fat was higher in blacks and males (p <0.05); protein was higher for white females than all other race/sex groups (p < 0.01 - 0.001) and lowest for black females compared with other race/sex groups (p< 0.01 0.001); and carbohydrates was higher in blacks and females than in whites and males, respectively (p < 0.05). Ethnic and gender differences exist in the diets of young adults and have implications for intervention strategies.
ABSTRACT TEXT:
TITLE: MENU EVALUATION OF LICENSED CHILD CARE CENTERS PARTICIPATING IN THE MISSOURI CHILD AND ADULT CARE FOOD PROGRAM AUTHOR(S):T.Hamilton, M.S., R.D., M. K. Mattfeld-Bemun, Ph.D., R.D., T. Tomazie, Ph.D., M. Sawicki, M.S., R.D., Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO. LEARNING OUTCOME: To collect information from licensed child care centers in the state of Missouri on their food service operation relative to their participation in the United States Department of Agricultural (USDA) sponsored Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP). ABSTRACT TEXT: ~Onehundred fifty nine licensed child care centers in Missouri provided both completed questionnaires and lunch menus. Twenty-six centers returned only the questionnaire. Nutrient intake among the centers was analyzed using ANOVA, BonferronJ, Logit regression and cross-tabulation. Fi~y-five percent of the centers reported participating in the USDA-sponsored Child and Adult Care Food Program. Results showed that following the established meat-pattern guidelines for the child nutrition programs does not guarantee consistent nutritional qua/ity ofplarmed menus in the child care centers. The percentage of energy from fat, saturated fat and carbohydrate, along with the average fiber, cholesterol and sodium of the lunch menus did not reflect implementation o f the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelinesfor HealthyAmericans. A significant difference (p<.001) was found between the groups with regard to percent calories from fat. Participating centers were more likely to plan menus with less energy from fat (36% versus 38%). Nutrient based guidelines for menu planning in the child care center is needed to ensure compliance with the nutritional goals of meeting one-third of the RDA's and the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. A need for additional training and technical assistance visits to promote the service of nutritious meals as well as enhance menu planning skills and knowledge of basic nutrition for child care staff was identified.
To assess needs for diabetes awareness education, seven focus groups were conducted in six California counties. METHODS: Sixty African-American adults (11 men, 49 women), between 20 to 50 years of age and not yet diagnosed with diabetes, were recruited through churches and clinics. Using the methodology of Krueger, an African-American moderator led all discussions that were audiotaped and later transcribed by a graduate student. Nud*ist4 software was used to code and sort responses. RESULTS: Subjects mentioned dietary factors most often as contributors to the high rate of diabetes in AfricanAmericans, although many subjects were uncertain about causes of diabetes. Subjects identified taste, family pressure, and lack of social support as the most important barriers to changing dietary behaviors. Preferred channels for receiving diabetes awareness information included health providers, churches, schools, and other community-based organizations. Most subjects wanted more information on causes, prevention, symptoms, risk factors, screening, and severity of the disease. CONCLUSION: Subjects identified a strong need for diabetes awareness education through commtmity-hased channels, targeting AfricanAmericans at-risk of this disease. Funding Source: Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California
TITLE: DOES BEVERAGE INTAKE BY CHILDREN PREDICT WEIGHT STATUS? AUTHOR(S): AM Padget, ME Briley, Phl), RD, LD, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas; C Roberts-Gray, Phi), The Resource Network, Galveston, Texas; MB Gillham, Phi), RD, LD, F Peterson Jr, PhD, R Willis, Phl), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas. LEARNING OUTCOME: To recognize a potential relationship between sweetened beverages and weight status in young children. ABSTRACT TEXT: Three-day dietary records were obtained for 24 children ages 3-5 who att~ded childcare centers in Central Texas. After receiving training, parents reported food intake before and after childcare. Food intake during childcare was measured and recorded by a researcher. Each child was weighed on a digital scale and measured using a Harpenden stadiometer. Dietary records were analyzed for food frequencies. Beverages analyzed included fruit juice, soft drinks, and sweetened drinks. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated for each child and plotted on the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) 2000 BMI-for-age growth charts. Thirty-five percent of the children were classed as overweight (BMI _>85~ percentile). Average total consumption/day of beverages by overweight children was signifieantly higher (14 oz) than intake by other children (6 oz) (p<0.001). Beverage consumption at home contributed 77% of the total intake by the overweight children, and 78% for the other children. Pearson correlation coefficients identified a positive relationship between total beverage intake and percentile for BMI (r=.72, p<0.001). Multiple regression analysis indicated intake both at home and at childcare predicted percentile for BMI (R2=.55, p<0.003). Intake at home was a stronger predictor than intake at childeare. This study suggests the importance of parents and caregivers working together to reduce the sweetened beverage consumption by young children.
Journal of THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION / A-1013
TITLE: DIABETES AWARENESS 1N AFRICAN-AMERICAN ADULTS
j A
AUTHOR(S):L.L. Kaiser, PhD RD; M.S. Townsend, PhD, RD; E.A. West, RD; F.M. Steinberg, Phi3, RD*; A.B. Joy, Phi); G.R. Brown, MPA; N.I. Feldman, MS, RD; M.A. Klenk, CFCS; E.U.Williams, MPA, R.D; C.L. Garrett, MS, RD; A.C. Martin; A. Olivares. Univ. of Calif. Cooperative Extension, UC Davis, CA LEARNING OUTCOME: To identify essential components for a nutrition education intervention designed to increase diabetes awareness in African-Americans.
ABSTRACT TEXT: The ethnic and gender differences in nutrient intake associated with cardiovascular risk remains unclear. Information is also lacking on the ethnic and gender differences in the nutrient intake of young adults. A self-reported food frequency questionnaire was administered to 1335 young adults (377 white males, 131 black males, 594 white females, 233 black females) aged 2038 years who participated in the 1995-96 Bogalusa Heart Study. In terms of total daily macronutrient intake, blacks, overall, consumed more energy, protein, sodium, cholesterol, fat, and carbohydrates than whites (p <0.001), and males consumed greater amounts of these macronutrients than females (p< 0.001) (total energy, keal: white males 2287.03 kcal; black males 2594.81 keal; white females 1982.68 kcal; black females 2486.32 kcal). Regarding total, daily micronutrient intake, blacks consumed more vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, vitamin B12 and magnesium than whites (p < 0.05). Whites bad higher intakes of vitamin E, iron and zinc (p < 0.05). Males had higher daily intakes of riboflavin, vitamin B12, calcium, magnesium and iron than females (p < 0.05 0.001), In terms of dietary composition (nutrients per 1000 kcal), the percentage of energy from fat was higher in blacks and males (p <0.05); protein was higher for white females than all other race/sex groups (p < 0.01 - 0.001) and lowest for black females compared with other race/sex groups (p< 0.01 0.001); and carbohydrates was higher in blacks and females than in whites and males, respectively (p < 0.05). Ethnic and gender differences exist in the diets of young adults and have implications for intervention strategies.
ABSTRACT TEXT:
TITLE: MENU EVALUATION OF LICENSED CHILD CARE CENTERS PARTICIPATING IN THE MISSOURI CHILD AND ADULT CARE FOOD PROGRAM AUTHOR(S):T.Hamilton, M.S., R.D., M. K. Mattfeld-Bemun, Ph.D., R.D., T. Tomazie, Ph.D., M. Sawicki, M.S., R.D., Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO. LEARNING OUTCOME: To collect information from licensed child care centers in the state of Missouri on their food service operation relative to their participation in the United States Department of Agricultural (USDA) sponsored Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP). ABSTRACT TEXT: ~Onehundred fifty nine licensed child care centers in Missouri provided both completed questionnaires and lunch menus. Twenty-six centers returned only the questionnaire. Nutrient intake among the centers was analyzed using ANOVA, BonferronJ, Logit regression and cross-tabulation. Fi~y-five percent of the centers reported participating in the USDA-sponsored Child and Adult Care Food Program. Results showed that following the established meat-pattern guidelines for the child nutrition programs does not guarantee consistent nutritional qua/ity ofplarmed menus in the child care centers. The percentage of energy from fat, saturated fat and carbohydrate, along with the average fiber, cholesterol and sodium of the lunch menus did not reflect implementation o f the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelinesfor HealthyAmericans. A significant difference (p<.001) was found between the groups with regard to percent calories from fat. Participating centers were more likely to plan menus with less energy from fat (36% versus 38%). Nutrient based guidelines for menu planning in the child care center is needed to ensure compliance with the nutritional goals of meeting one-third of the RDA's and the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. A need for additional training and technical assistance visits to promote the service of nutritious meals as well as enhance menu planning skills and knowledge of basic nutrition for child care staff was identified.
To assess needs for diabetes awareness education, seven focus groups were conducted in six California counties. METHODS: Sixty African-American adults (11 men, 49 women), between 20 to 50 years of age and not yet diagnosed with diabetes, were recruited through churches and clinics. Using the methodology of Krueger, an African-American moderator led all discussions that were audiotaped and later transcribed by a graduate student. Nud*ist4 software was used to code and sort responses. RESULTS: Subjects mentioned dietary factors most often as contributors to the high rate of diabetes in AfricanAmericans, although many subjects were uncertain about causes of diabetes. Subjects identified taste, family pressure, and lack of social support as the most important barriers to changing dietary behaviors. Preferred channels for receiving diabetes awareness information included health providers, churches, schools, and other community-based organizations. Most subjects wanted more information on causes, prevention, symptoms, risk factors, screening, and severity of the disease. CONCLUSION: Subjects identified a strong need for diabetes awareness education through commtmity-hased channels, targeting AfricanAmericans at-risk of this disease. Funding Source: Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California
TITLE: DOES BEVERAGE INTAKE BY CHILDREN PREDICT WEIGHT STATUS? AUTHOR(S): AM Padget, ME Briley, Phl), RD, LD, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas; C Roberts-Gray, Phi), The Resource Network, Galveston, Texas; MB Gillham, Phi), RD, LD, F Peterson Jr, PhD, R Willis, Phl), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas. LEARNING OUTCOME: To recognize a potential relationship between sweetened beverages and weight status in young children. ABSTRACT TEXT: Three-day dietary records were obtained for 24 children ages 3-5 who att~ded childcare centers in Central Texas. After receiving training, parents reported food intake before and after childcare. Food intake during childcare was measured and recorded by a researcher. Each child was weighed on a digital scale and measured using a Harpenden stadiometer. Dietary records were analyzed for food frequencies. Beverages analyzed included fruit juice, soft drinks, and sweetened drinks. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated for each child and plotted on the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) 2000 BMI-for-age growth charts. Thirty-five percent of the children were classed as overweight (BMI _>85~ percentile). Average total consumption/day of beverages by overweight children was signifieantly higher (14 oz) than intake by other children (6 oz) (p<0.001). Beverage consumption at home contributed 77% of the total intake by the overweight children, and 78% for the other children. Pearson correlation coefficients identified a positive relationship between total beverage intake and percentile for BMI (r=.72, p<0.001). Multiple regression analysis indicated intake both at home and at childcare predicted percentile for BMI (R2=.55, p<0.003). Intake at home was a stronger predictor than intake at childeare. This study suggests the importance of parents and caregivers working together to reduce the sweetened beverage consumption by young children.
Journal of THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION / A-1013