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Differential ultrasonic visualisation of impact fractures in glass reinforced plastics
CANN, A. T. and AUSTIN, D. C.
Filled P T F E - an important engineering material Design Engineering, pp 79 - 82 (December 1969) The properties and circumstances that have contributed to PTFE'S increasing importance as an engineering plastic are outlined by the author. The disadvantages of the material are listed, followed by a fairly comprehensive description of the way in which many of these have been overcome by the incorporation of various filler materials. Notes on the properties of filled PTFE and manufacturing techniques are followed by many examples of the commercial application of these materials. The article includes three very useful tables of properties of materials with a wide range of fillers. (70/4/34)
CESSNA, L. C. LEVENS, J. A. and THOMSON, J. B.
results for homopolymers. Within the same research programme the effect of fibre orientation on the degree of anisotropy in the moulding was evaluated using a tensile-test technique. In the reinforcement range 1 0 - 1 5 % , results showed generally isotropic behavior. (70/4/36) DAUKSYS, R. J. and RAY, J. D.
Properties of graphite fibre non-metallie matrix composites British Plastics, pp 6 8 4 - 6 9 8 (3 October 1969) A review of types of graphite fibre and yarn currently available with data on properties. Composite manufacture and testing (for graphite-epoxy composites) is described for each type of fibre and typical results for mechanical properties are given. The paper ends with some speculation on the future of CFRPS. (70/4/37)
Flexural fatigue of glass-reinforced thermoplastics Polymer Engineering
GREEN, P. S., CHURCH, J. M. and EILERS, J. G.
and Science, Vol 9, No 5, p 339 (September 1969J
Differential ultrasonic visualisation of impact fractures in glass reinforced
A fatigue test procedure is described in which a specified but variable deflection is applied to a cantilever beam specimen and apparent stiffness and surface temperature are recorded continuously. Moreover, any temperature rise due to energy dissipation within the specimen can be controlled and held at a fixed level for the duration of the test. The results of investigation of the modes of high frequency fatigue failure in reinforced and unreinforced thermoplastics are presented with emphasis on the control of autogenous specimen heating and on the effect of stress transfer from matrix to fibre. (70/4/35)
CONWELL, Y. and STATZ, D. S. New measures of performance for glass/HDPE concentrate blends Modern Plastics Vol 46, No 10, pp 82 - 84 (October 1969) This paper brings to light some surprising facts relating to the practice of diluting glass-filled HDPE concentrate with a cheaper copolymer resin to give mouldings in the 5 - 15% reinforcement range at an attractive price. Results of the effect of copolymer dilution on the properties of stress crack resistance, processability and impact glass content are contrary to
plastics Materials Research and Standards Fol 9, No 10, pp 2 4 - 2 5 (October 1969) Ultrasonic transmission images are made of glass-reinforced plastic panels both before and after these panels are subjected to drop-weight impact testing. Impact-produced internal fracture is observed by superimposing the photograph negative of the after-test ultrasonic image on the positive print of the before image. The intrinsic structure of the composite material is removed from the image and the testproduced flaws are more easy to observe. (70/4/38)
HARRIS, G. I. COXEN, F. and GALLO, A. E. Xlok resins - new heat stable thermosets British Plastics, Vol 42, No 10, pp 108 - 110 (October 1969)
and electrical properties are presented together with evidence of excellent resistance to chemical attack. (70/4/39)
INCE, A.
Proving glass fibre laminates Engineering Materials and Design, Vol 12, No 12, pp 1817 - 1822 (December 1969) The developement of high performance gliders and the present state o f the art in Germany, the world leader in glide~ design and manufacture, are reviewed. Fibre glass laminates are the materials mainly used in high performance gliders today. The major design problem is the achievement of a satisfactory combination of lightness, wing rigidity and strength. Wing span is limited to 19m for open class gliders, but it is thought that carbon fibre may allow this to be increased. The production method involving the formation of a mould round a balsa prototype fuselage and subsequent glass-fibre-cloth/resin lamination in this mould is described. Testing procedures are also described. (70/4/40)
KERSKER, T. M., KOVAC, F. J. and DAGUE, M. F. The tire composite Fibre science and technology, Vol 2, No 1. p 41 (July 1969) Reinforced elastomeric tyre materials are discussed in terms of the simple model, volume of reinforcing textile, strain analysis and tyre requirements. Particular emphasis is placed on the new wide range of textiles available for reinforcement and the various types of textile configuration. There are summaries of the mathematical approach to the stability of tyre composites and the engineering approach to textiles for tyres. (7014/41)
KRALOVEC, W. M. Xlok resins are a new family of high performance resins based essentially on the condensation polymers of an arakyl ether and phenol. The manufacturers claim that these resins retain both chemical stability and mechancial properties in the temperature range 2 0 0 - 250°C. The resins have been successfully employed as matrices for glass, asbestos and carbon-fibre composites. Data on mechanical, thermal
Equipment specification for matched die moulding Reinforced Plastics, Vol 14, No 1, pp 4 2 -
45
The moulding process for FRP is analysed and the factors affecting the choice of matched die moulding equipment are considered. As a result, the author has been able to give a detailed specification for moulding equipment for a wet system. (70/4/42)
COMPOSITES March 1970
]87
Filled P T F E - an important engineering material Design Engineering, pp 79 - 82 (December 1969) The properties and circumstances that have contributed to PTFE'S increasing importance as an engineering plastic are outlined by the author. The disadvantages of the material are listed, followed by a fairly comprehensive description of the way in which many of these have been overcome by the incorporation of various filler materials. Notes on the properties of filled PTFE and manufacturing techniques are followed by many examples of the commercial application of these materials. The article includes three very useful tables of properties of materials with a wide range of fillers. (70/4/34)
CESSNA, L. C. LEVENS, J. A. and THOMSON, J. B.
results for homopolymers. Within the same research programme the effect of fibre orientation on the degree of anisotropy in the moulding was evaluated using a tensile-test technique. In the reinforcement range 1 0 - 1 5 % , results showed generally isotropic behavior. (70/4/36) DAUKSYS, R. J. and RAY, J. D.
Properties of graphite fibre non-metallie matrix composites British Plastics, pp 6 8 4 - 6 9 8 (3 October 1969) A review of types of graphite fibre and yarn currently available with data on properties. Composite manufacture and testing (for graphite-epoxy composites) is described for each type of fibre and typical results for mechanical properties are given. The paper ends with some speculation on the future of CFRPS. (70/4/37)
Flexural fatigue of glass-reinforced thermoplastics Polymer Engineering
GREEN, P. S., CHURCH, J. M. and EILERS, J. G.
and Science, Vol 9, No 5, p 339 (September 1969J
Differential ultrasonic visualisation of impact fractures in glass reinforced
A fatigue test procedure is described in which a specified but variable deflection is applied to a cantilever beam specimen and apparent stiffness and surface temperature are recorded continuously. Moreover, any temperature rise due to energy dissipation within the specimen can be controlled and held at a fixed level for the duration of the test. The results of investigation of the modes of high frequency fatigue failure in reinforced and unreinforced thermoplastics are presented with emphasis on the control of autogenous specimen heating and on the effect of stress transfer from matrix to fibre. (70/4/35)
CONWELL, Y. and STATZ, D. S. New measures of performance for glass/HDPE concentrate blends Modern Plastics Vol 46, No 10, pp 82 - 84 (October 1969) This paper brings to light some surprising facts relating to the practice of diluting glass-filled HDPE concentrate with a cheaper copolymer resin to give mouldings in the 5 - 15% reinforcement range at an attractive price. Results of the effect of copolymer dilution on the properties of stress crack resistance, processability and impact glass content are contrary to
plastics Materials Research and Standards Fol 9, No 10, pp 2 4 - 2 5 (October 1969) Ultrasonic transmission images are made of glass-reinforced plastic panels both before and after these panels are subjected to drop-weight impact testing. Impact-produced internal fracture is observed by superimposing the photograph negative of the after-test ultrasonic image on the positive print of the before image. The intrinsic structure of the composite material is removed from the image and the testproduced flaws are more easy to observe. (70/4/38)
HARRIS, G. I. COXEN, F. and GALLO, A. E. Xlok resins - new heat stable thermosets British Plastics, Vol 42, No 10, pp 108 - 110 (October 1969)
and electrical properties are presented together with evidence of excellent resistance to chemical attack. (70/4/39)
INCE, A.
Proving glass fibre laminates Engineering Materials and Design, Vol 12, No 12, pp 1817 - 1822 (December 1969) The developement of high performance gliders and the present state o f the art in Germany, the world leader in glide~ design and manufacture, are reviewed. Fibre glass laminates are the materials mainly used in high performance gliders today. The major design problem is the achievement of a satisfactory combination of lightness, wing rigidity and strength. Wing span is limited to 19m for open class gliders, but it is thought that carbon fibre may allow this to be increased. The production method involving the formation of a mould round a balsa prototype fuselage and subsequent glass-fibre-cloth/resin lamination in this mould is described. Testing procedures are also described. (70/4/40)
KERSKER, T. M., KOVAC, F. J. and DAGUE, M. F. The tire composite Fibre science and technology, Vol 2, No 1. p 41 (July 1969) Reinforced elastomeric tyre materials are discussed in terms of the simple model, volume of reinforcing textile, strain analysis and tyre requirements. Particular emphasis is placed on the new wide range of textiles available for reinforcement and the various types of textile configuration. There are summaries of the mathematical approach to the stability of tyre composites and the engineering approach to textiles for tyres. (7014/41)
KRALOVEC, W. M. Xlok resins are a new family of high performance resins based essentially on the condensation polymers of an arakyl ether and phenol. The manufacturers claim that these resins retain both chemical stability and mechancial properties in the temperature range 2 0 0 - 250°C. The resins have been successfully employed as matrices for glass, asbestos and carbon-fibre composites. Data on mechanical, thermal
Equipment specification for matched die moulding Reinforced Plastics, Vol 14, No 1, pp 4 2 -
45
The moulding process for FRP is analysed and the factors affecting the choice of matched die moulding equipment are considered. As a result, the author has been able to give a detailed specification for moulding equipment for a wet system. (70/4/42)
COMPOSITES March 1970
]87