- Email: [email protected]
Do past and current depressive symptoms affect cognitive functioning and everyday activities in the elderly?
Poster Presentations P1 as significant tools for differential diagnosis. Moreover, it is necessary to use tools for depression based on non verbal signs.
P1-460
HOW OLDER ADULTS WITH ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE ALLOCATE GAZE DURING VISUAL SEARCH
Maribel Pino1, Anne-Sophie Rigaud1, Jocelyne de Rotrou1, Francois Jouen2, 1Hopital Broca, Paris, France; 2Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris, France. Background: Individuals living with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) may encounter some difficulties in getting oriented in a new place, following a route to a familiar place or locating an object in an environment. All these tasks involve attentional processes and cognitive treatment of visual information. Primarily they are associated with eye movements. In this study we explore eye movement control during the visual scanning of daily life scenes in patients with AD or Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). The aim of this study is to help understanding of visual exploration strategies used by each subject group. Methods: Four groups of subjects were studied: young normal adults (YN; n ¼ 40), middle-aged adults (MA; n ¼ 40), older adults (OA; n ¼30), and patients with AD (AD; n ¼ 40). Each participant completed two test-sessions. In the first one they were assessed with a standard neuropsychological battery, including visual acuity and contrast sensitivity testing. In the second one they underwent a set of visual search tasks on a computer. An infrared non-intrusive eye-tracker was used to record eye movements. Evaluation criteria included: task accuracy, initial saccade latency, scanning time and scanpath patterns. Results: Preliminary results confirmed that there are differences in visual exploration strategies used by older adults with AD and MCI, and those employed by subjects in the two control groups (OA and YN). Participants in the AD and MCI groups would use less specific and less pragmatic exploration strategies, than those used the control groups. AD patients have longer reaction times and detect fewer targets than controls. Combined analysis of eye tracking and neuropsychological data shows that semantic memory and working memory play an important role in the tasks of visual attention. Comparison between age groups shows that information processing speed appears to be a very age-sensitive cognitive function. Conclusions: Non-invasive eye tracking technology provides a fresh insight into the difficulties related to attentional control encountered by older people with AD in the achievement of daily tasks. Understanding visual attention deficits in AD and in MCI will be useful to enhance environmental design for these disorders, and to develop cognitive training programs focused on these processes.
P1-461
COMPARISON OF STATISTICAL APPROACHES TO OPTIMIZE SCORING OF PARTICIPANT/ INFORMANT REPORTS TO PREDICT FUTURE DEMENTIA
Laura Rabin1, Cuiling Wang2, Mindy Katz2, Carol Derby2, Richard Lipton2, 1Brooklyn College/CUNY, Brooklyn, New York, United States; 2Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States. Background: Self and informant reports of cognitive impairment, in combination with objective neuropsychological tests, provide a useful, non-invasive empirical method for identifying non-demented older adults at high risk for future dementia. Moreover, specific complaints may help differentiate concerns associated with normal aging from those associated with incipient dementia. While most approaches to scoring subjective report data apply classical test theory where a score is derived from the simple sum or average of an individual’s responses to all items, item response theory (IRT) estimates latent impairment levels, which are independent of the questions used and provide information on items (including discrimination, difficulty, and reliability) not dependent on the sample used. This study had two goals: (1) compare the relative value of simple versus IRT approaches to scoring
S261
subjective report data, in combination with other cognitive variables, to prediction of incident dementia; and (2) create brief self and informant scales by determining the items with highest discrimination for prediction of incident dementia. Methods: Participants were 634 nondemented older adults systematically recruited from the Bronx, NY community. To avoid diagnostic circularity, we assigned algorithmic dementia diagnoses based on Blessed Information-Memory-Concentration scores and functional decline. Secondary analyses utilized DSM-IV clinical diagnoses. IRT was performed to self and informant data (77 items derived from 5 questionnaires) to estimate latent impairment levels in addition to using a simple scoring approach. The major statistical analysis was a comparison of model fit (for prediction of incident dementia), using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), adjusting for education, gender, free recall from the FCSRT and WAIS-R Digit Symbol (the only neuropsychological tests selected by forward variable selection procedures), and using age as the timescale. Results: Using the algorithmic definition, median time to dementia was 2.3yrs, mean age 78.6 (5.4 yrs), and mean education 13.8 (3.5 yrs). The model fit using IRT scores (vs. simple scores) was better for prediction of dementia with smaller AIC values (231.0 vs. 239.0), and we identified the items with highest discrimination. Results were similar for clinical dementia. Conclusions: We present the content domains of these brief self and informant scales and discuss the merits and drawbacks associated with IRT scoring approaches.
P1-462
DO PAST AND CURRENT DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AFFECT COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING AND EVERYDAY ACTIVITIES IN THE ELDERLY?
Simone Reppermund1, Henry Brodaty2, John Crawford1, Nicole Kochan1, Melissa Slavin1, Julian Trollor1, Brian Draper3, Perminder Sachdev2, 1 University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW, Australia; 2Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia; 3Memory and Ageing Study, Randwick, NSW, Australia. Background: Depressive symptoms that do not fulfill diagnostic criteria for major depression are common in the elderly and the consequences are similar to those of major depression. Depressive symptoms have been associated with cognitive and functional impairment. However, relatively less is known about the relationship of a history of depression to cognitive impairment and functional status. The aim of the present study was to assess whether current depressive symptoms and past depression are associated with cognitive impairment in older community-dwelling individuals. A further aim was to assess whether depressive symptoms or past depressive episodes are associated with difficulties in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). Methods: Participants were drawn from the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study, a longitudinal study of non-demented community-dwelling adults aged 70-90 years. 800 participants received a comprehensive assessment including neuropsychological testing, an interview about past psychiatric history and the 15 item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) questionnaire to measure current depressive symptoms. The Bayer Activities of Daily Living scale (B-ADL) was completed by an informant to assess functional ability. In addition, we assessed symptoms of anxiety, psychological distress, and satisfaction with life. Results: Clinically significant symptoms of depression were present in 6.1% of the sample and 16.6% reported a history of depression. Participants with current symptoms of depression performed worse on memory and executive function compared to participants without depressive symptoms. In addition they had significantly higher levels of psychological distress and anxiety, and lower satisfaction with life. A lifetime history of depression was associated with worse executive function, higher levels of psychological distress and anxiety, and lower satisfaction with life. There were no differences between participants with or without current depressive symptoms and with or without past depression on the B-ADL. Conclusions: Executive function is worse in older adults with past depression and in participants with current depressive symptoms, whereas memory impairment is only associated
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Poster Presentations P1
with current depressive symptoms. Neither past depressive episodes nor current depressive symptoms are associated with difficulties in performing IADL. Both past depression and current depressive symptoms are associated with higher levels of psychological distress and anxiety, and lower satisfaction with life. P1-463
NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL CORRELATES OF MRI IMAGING WITH VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS IN MCI AND ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
G. Stennis Watson1, Kristoffer Rhoads2, Justin Siegal2, Justin Stahl2, Michelle Busse3, 1University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States; 2Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, United States; 3 Argosy University, Seattle, Washington, United States. Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with volumetric analysis may improve accuracy in detecting neurodegenerative disorders via assessing change in key cortical structures, including hippocampal and inferior lateral ventricle volumes. Few studies, however, have examined the relationship between volumetric analysis results and neurocognitive data in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: Twenty-three older adults (mean age 79.1) with suspected AD or MCI participated in comprehensive clinical evaluations including neuropsychological assessment and MRI with volumetric analysis. Results: Age was significantly related to total inferior lateral ventricle volume (r ¼ .61, p < .01) but not overall hippocampal volume (r ¼ .36, p ¼ .08). Increased inferior lateral ventricle volume was associated with decreased delayed recall on a list learning task (r ¼ .41, p ¼ .01) as well as increased errors on a test of timed visuomotor attention (r ¼ .43, p ¼ .05), after controlling for age. Increased hippocampal volume to overall intracranial volume percentages were most strongly associated with decreased performance on tests of phonemic verbal fluency (r ¼ .74, p ¼ .01), auditory attention (r ¼ .43, p ¼ .04), and visual attention (r ¼ .60, p ¼ .04). Conclusions: MRI with volumetric analysis findings are associated with cardinal neurocognitive changes in patients with AD and MCI. Inferior lateral ventricle volumes may be more closely associated with memory and learning, whereas larger hippocampal volume ratios are associated with more attentional and executive dysfunction, suggesting greater frontal lobe involvement. P1-464
EPISODIC LONG-TERM MEMORY AS A PREDICTOR OF CHANGE FROM RETRIEVAL TO STORAGE MEMORY PROFILE IN AMNESTIC MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT
Emma Rodriguez-Noriega1, Mikel Olabarrieta1, Francesc Pujadas1, Marta Ibarria2, Diana Liebana1, Antonio Palasi1, Merce Boada1, 1Vall d’Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; 2ACE Foundation, Barcelona, Spain. Background: The storage of new information is the typical memory impairment in Alzheimer disease (AD). In our experience there is a percentage of patients (26%) with AD that have difficulties for retrieval information but not for storage it in the prodromal phases of the disease, developing storage memory impairment later. That represents a difficulty in the early diagnosis of these patients. The aim of this study is to find variables in the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) which allow us to distinguish amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients with retrieval memory problems with more possibilities of having storage memory problems in the future. Methods: Ninety-five aMCI patients were tested with the AVLT in an initial cognitive assessment and after a follow-up period (inter-measures time: 16 (SD ¼ 6.69) months). Three groups were defined: 20 patients presented a retrieval memory profile in the first assessment and changed their profile into storage problems at the end of the follow-up period (CHANGE group); 32 presented a retrieval memory profile in both examinations (RETRIEVAL group), and 43 presented storage memory profile in both tests (STORAGE group). There were no differences in age, sex, education or months intertests between groups. We analyze differences between groups in the initial
assessment for the AVLT variables: learning amount, learning rate, long term memory, recognition, and false positives in recognition. We searched for differences between CHANGE group and RETRIEVAL group in the initial AVLT measures when both groups had a retrieval memory profile. Results: In the initial test the CHANGE group patients had lower performance in the AVLT long-term memory than RETRIEVAL group patients. No other measures in AVLT discriminate between both groups in the initial test. The rate of progression to dementia for each group after the follow-up period was: 45% (CHANGE group), 6,25% (RETRIEVAL group) and 49% (STORAGE group). Conclusions: A lower performance in AVLT long-term memory distinguishes aMCI patients with a retrieval memory profile who change into a storage memory profile in the follow-up from those who maintain a retrieval profile. The higher risk of progression to dementia in the first group makes this difference important.
P1-465
READING THE MIND IN THE EYES TEST FOR DETECTION OF SOCIAL COGNITION DEFICIT IN PATIENTS WITH MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT: DISCRIMINATIVE VALIDITY AND ROC CURVE
Galeno Rojas1, Ricardo Allegri1, Cecilia Serrano1, Fabian Roman1, Carol Dillon2, Leonardo Bartoloni2, Monica Iturry2, 1Hospital Zubizarreta., Buenos Aires, Argentina; 2Hospital Zubizarreta, Memory Research Clinic, Argentina. Background: In the last years, several tests that evaluate the “theory of the mind” have been developed (for the capacity of understanding the intentions of others in several situations. (Baron-Cohen et al 2001). There are few reported case studies of social integration and behavior in the interpersonal relations in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Our objective: was to study data of discriminative validity in MCI of the Argentine adjustment of the "Reading the Mind in the Eyes"’ Test (Baron- Cohen), and to value its utility as evaluation instrument. Methods: 210 normal subjects of the database Argencog were selected (Validity Program of Diagnostic Test in the area of Cognitive Neurosciences) and 25 patients with MCI. The test was administered to all patients and scored range from 0 to 36 (36 photographs of the eye-region of the face of different actors and actresses of both sexes whose eyes express different emotions that the patient must detect). Patients and controls were matched according to age and scholarship. They were divided into two groups: young (56-75 years old) and aging patients (more than 75 years old). Positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) and positive likelihood ratio were calculated (LR+). Receiver Operator Characteristics (ROC) curves was obtained. Results: ROC curves presented an excellent diagnostic detection for MCI in young patients (0.864), and a value of (0.477) for aging patients. In the young group with MCI, with a prevalence of 17.2%, the more effective cut off value was <21 (sensitivity: 87.5% and specificity: 74%). The PPV was 41.2%, the NPV 96.6%, with a LR+ of 3.37. In the aging group with MCI, with a prevalence of 13%, the more effective cut off value was ¼20 (sensitivity: 83.3% and specificity: 37.5%). The PPV was 16.7%, the NPV 93.8%, with a LR+ of 1.33. Conclusions: The Argentine version of the "Reading the Mind in the Eyes"’ Test is a good instrument for the detection of social cognition impairment in patients with MCI. It showed a high discriminative validity for population less than 76 years old. The present work should have to be extended to a greater sample of patients. P1-466
NORMATIVE DATA OF THE ARGENTINA VERSION OF THE BOSTON NAMING TEST AND DISCRIMINATIVE VALIDITY FOR ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
Galeno Rojas1, Fabian Roman1, Carol Dillon1, Cecilia Serrano1, Leonardo Bartoloni1, Monica Iturry1, Ricardo Allegri1, 1Hospital Zubizarreta Memory Research Clinic, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
P1-460
HOW OLDER ADULTS WITH ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE ALLOCATE GAZE DURING VISUAL SEARCH
Maribel Pino1, Anne-Sophie Rigaud1, Jocelyne de Rotrou1, Francois Jouen2, 1Hopital Broca, Paris, France; 2Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris, France. Background: Individuals living with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) may encounter some difficulties in getting oriented in a new place, following a route to a familiar place or locating an object in an environment. All these tasks involve attentional processes and cognitive treatment of visual information. Primarily they are associated with eye movements. In this study we explore eye movement control during the visual scanning of daily life scenes in patients with AD or Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). The aim of this study is to help understanding of visual exploration strategies used by each subject group. Methods: Four groups of subjects were studied: young normal adults (YN; n ¼ 40), middle-aged adults (MA; n ¼ 40), older adults (OA; n ¼30), and patients with AD (AD; n ¼ 40). Each participant completed two test-sessions. In the first one they were assessed with a standard neuropsychological battery, including visual acuity and contrast sensitivity testing. In the second one they underwent a set of visual search tasks on a computer. An infrared non-intrusive eye-tracker was used to record eye movements. Evaluation criteria included: task accuracy, initial saccade latency, scanning time and scanpath patterns. Results: Preliminary results confirmed that there are differences in visual exploration strategies used by older adults with AD and MCI, and those employed by subjects in the two control groups (OA and YN). Participants in the AD and MCI groups would use less specific and less pragmatic exploration strategies, than those used the control groups. AD patients have longer reaction times and detect fewer targets than controls. Combined analysis of eye tracking and neuropsychological data shows that semantic memory and working memory play an important role in the tasks of visual attention. Comparison between age groups shows that information processing speed appears to be a very age-sensitive cognitive function. Conclusions: Non-invasive eye tracking technology provides a fresh insight into the difficulties related to attentional control encountered by older people with AD in the achievement of daily tasks. Understanding visual attention deficits in AD and in MCI will be useful to enhance environmental design for these disorders, and to develop cognitive training programs focused on these processes.
P1-461
COMPARISON OF STATISTICAL APPROACHES TO OPTIMIZE SCORING OF PARTICIPANT/ INFORMANT REPORTS TO PREDICT FUTURE DEMENTIA
Laura Rabin1, Cuiling Wang2, Mindy Katz2, Carol Derby2, Richard Lipton2, 1Brooklyn College/CUNY, Brooklyn, New York, United States; 2Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States. Background: Self and informant reports of cognitive impairment, in combination with objective neuropsychological tests, provide a useful, non-invasive empirical method for identifying non-demented older adults at high risk for future dementia. Moreover, specific complaints may help differentiate concerns associated with normal aging from those associated with incipient dementia. While most approaches to scoring subjective report data apply classical test theory where a score is derived from the simple sum or average of an individual’s responses to all items, item response theory (IRT) estimates latent impairment levels, which are independent of the questions used and provide information on items (including discrimination, difficulty, and reliability) not dependent on the sample used. This study had two goals: (1) compare the relative value of simple versus IRT approaches to scoring
S261
subjective report data, in combination with other cognitive variables, to prediction of incident dementia; and (2) create brief self and informant scales by determining the items with highest discrimination for prediction of incident dementia. Methods: Participants were 634 nondemented older adults systematically recruited from the Bronx, NY community. To avoid diagnostic circularity, we assigned algorithmic dementia diagnoses based on Blessed Information-Memory-Concentration scores and functional decline. Secondary analyses utilized DSM-IV clinical diagnoses. IRT was performed to self and informant data (77 items derived from 5 questionnaires) to estimate latent impairment levels in addition to using a simple scoring approach. The major statistical analysis was a comparison of model fit (for prediction of incident dementia), using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), adjusting for education, gender, free recall from the FCSRT and WAIS-R Digit Symbol (the only neuropsychological tests selected by forward variable selection procedures), and using age as the timescale. Results: Using the algorithmic definition, median time to dementia was 2.3yrs, mean age 78.6 (5.4 yrs), and mean education 13.8 (3.5 yrs). The model fit using IRT scores (vs. simple scores) was better for prediction of dementia with smaller AIC values (231.0 vs. 239.0), and we identified the items with highest discrimination. Results were similar for clinical dementia. Conclusions: We present the content domains of these brief self and informant scales and discuss the merits and drawbacks associated with IRT scoring approaches.
P1-462
DO PAST AND CURRENT DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AFFECT COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING AND EVERYDAY ACTIVITIES IN THE ELDERLY?
Simone Reppermund1, Henry Brodaty2, John Crawford1, Nicole Kochan1, Melissa Slavin1, Julian Trollor1, Brian Draper3, Perminder Sachdev2, 1 University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW, Australia; 2Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia; 3Memory and Ageing Study, Randwick, NSW, Australia. Background: Depressive symptoms that do not fulfill diagnostic criteria for major depression are common in the elderly and the consequences are similar to those of major depression. Depressive symptoms have been associated with cognitive and functional impairment. However, relatively less is known about the relationship of a history of depression to cognitive impairment and functional status. The aim of the present study was to assess whether current depressive symptoms and past depression are associated with cognitive impairment in older community-dwelling individuals. A further aim was to assess whether depressive symptoms or past depressive episodes are associated with difficulties in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). Methods: Participants were drawn from the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study, a longitudinal study of non-demented community-dwelling adults aged 70-90 years. 800 participants received a comprehensive assessment including neuropsychological testing, an interview about past psychiatric history and the 15 item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) questionnaire to measure current depressive symptoms. The Bayer Activities of Daily Living scale (B-ADL) was completed by an informant to assess functional ability. In addition, we assessed symptoms of anxiety, psychological distress, and satisfaction with life. Results: Clinically significant symptoms of depression were present in 6.1% of the sample and 16.6% reported a history of depression. Participants with current symptoms of depression performed worse on memory and executive function compared to participants without depressive symptoms. In addition they had significantly higher levels of psychological distress and anxiety, and lower satisfaction with life. A lifetime history of depression was associated with worse executive function, higher levels of psychological distress and anxiety, and lower satisfaction with life. There were no differences between participants with or without current depressive symptoms and with or without past depression on the B-ADL. Conclusions: Executive function is worse in older adults with past depression and in participants with current depressive symptoms, whereas memory impairment is only associated
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Poster Presentations P1
with current depressive symptoms. Neither past depressive episodes nor current depressive symptoms are associated with difficulties in performing IADL. Both past depression and current depressive symptoms are associated with higher levels of psychological distress and anxiety, and lower satisfaction with life. P1-463
NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL CORRELATES OF MRI IMAGING WITH VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS IN MCI AND ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
G. Stennis Watson1, Kristoffer Rhoads2, Justin Siegal2, Justin Stahl2, Michelle Busse3, 1University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States; 2Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, United States; 3 Argosy University, Seattle, Washington, United States. Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with volumetric analysis may improve accuracy in detecting neurodegenerative disorders via assessing change in key cortical structures, including hippocampal and inferior lateral ventricle volumes. Few studies, however, have examined the relationship between volumetric analysis results and neurocognitive data in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: Twenty-three older adults (mean age 79.1) with suspected AD or MCI participated in comprehensive clinical evaluations including neuropsychological assessment and MRI with volumetric analysis. Results: Age was significantly related to total inferior lateral ventricle volume (r ¼ .61, p < .01) but not overall hippocampal volume (r ¼ .36, p ¼ .08). Increased inferior lateral ventricle volume was associated with decreased delayed recall on a list learning task (r ¼ .41, p ¼ .01) as well as increased errors on a test of timed visuomotor attention (r ¼ .43, p ¼ .05), after controlling for age. Increased hippocampal volume to overall intracranial volume percentages were most strongly associated with decreased performance on tests of phonemic verbal fluency (r ¼ .74, p ¼ .01), auditory attention (r ¼ .43, p ¼ .04), and visual attention (r ¼ .60, p ¼ .04). Conclusions: MRI with volumetric analysis findings are associated with cardinal neurocognitive changes in patients with AD and MCI. Inferior lateral ventricle volumes may be more closely associated with memory and learning, whereas larger hippocampal volume ratios are associated with more attentional and executive dysfunction, suggesting greater frontal lobe involvement. P1-464
EPISODIC LONG-TERM MEMORY AS A PREDICTOR OF CHANGE FROM RETRIEVAL TO STORAGE MEMORY PROFILE IN AMNESTIC MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT
Emma Rodriguez-Noriega1, Mikel Olabarrieta1, Francesc Pujadas1, Marta Ibarria2, Diana Liebana1, Antonio Palasi1, Merce Boada1, 1Vall d’Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; 2ACE Foundation, Barcelona, Spain. Background: The storage of new information is the typical memory impairment in Alzheimer disease (AD). In our experience there is a percentage of patients (26%) with AD that have difficulties for retrieval information but not for storage it in the prodromal phases of the disease, developing storage memory impairment later. That represents a difficulty in the early diagnosis of these patients. The aim of this study is to find variables in the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) which allow us to distinguish amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients with retrieval memory problems with more possibilities of having storage memory problems in the future. Methods: Ninety-five aMCI patients were tested with the AVLT in an initial cognitive assessment and after a follow-up period (inter-measures time: 16 (SD ¼ 6.69) months). Three groups were defined: 20 patients presented a retrieval memory profile in the first assessment and changed their profile into storage problems at the end of the follow-up period (CHANGE group); 32 presented a retrieval memory profile in both examinations (RETRIEVAL group), and 43 presented storage memory profile in both tests (STORAGE group). There were no differences in age, sex, education or months intertests between groups. We analyze differences between groups in the initial
assessment for the AVLT variables: learning amount, learning rate, long term memory, recognition, and false positives in recognition. We searched for differences between CHANGE group and RETRIEVAL group in the initial AVLT measures when both groups had a retrieval memory profile. Results: In the initial test the CHANGE group patients had lower performance in the AVLT long-term memory than RETRIEVAL group patients. No other measures in AVLT discriminate between both groups in the initial test. The rate of progression to dementia for each group after the follow-up period was: 45% (CHANGE group), 6,25% (RETRIEVAL group) and 49% (STORAGE group). Conclusions: A lower performance in AVLT long-term memory distinguishes aMCI patients with a retrieval memory profile who change into a storage memory profile in the follow-up from those who maintain a retrieval profile. The higher risk of progression to dementia in the first group makes this difference important.
P1-465
READING THE MIND IN THE EYES TEST FOR DETECTION OF SOCIAL COGNITION DEFICIT IN PATIENTS WITH MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT: DISCRIMINATIVE VALIDITY AND ROC CURVE
Galeno Rojas1, Ricardo Allegri1, Cecilia Serrano1, Fabian Roman1, Carol Dillon2, Leonardo Bartoloni2, Monica Iturry2, 1Hospital Zubizarreta., Buenos Aires, Argentina; 2Hospital Zubizarreta, Memory Research Clinic, Argentina. Background: In the last years, several tests that evaluate the “theory of the mind” have been developed (for the capacity of understanding the intentions of others in several situations. (Baron-Cohen et al 2001). There are few reported case studies of social integration and behavior in the interpersonal relations in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Our objective: was to study data of discriminative validity in MCI of the Argentine adjustment of the "Reading the Mind in the Eyes"’ Test (Baron- Cohen), and to value its utility as evaluation instrument. Methods: 210 normal subjects of the database Argencog were selected (Validity Program of Diagnostic Test in the area of Cognitive Neurosciences) and 25 patients with MCI. The test was administered to all patients and scored range from 0 to 36 (36 photographs of the eye-region of the face of different actors and actresses of both sexes whose eyes express different emotions that the patient must detect). Patients and controls were matched according to age and scholarship. They were divided into two groups: young (56-75 years old) and aging patients (more than 75 years old). Positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) and positive likelihood ratio were calculated (LR+). Receiver Operator Characteristics (ROC) curves was obtained. Results: ROC curves presented an excellent diagnostic detection for MCI in young patients (0.864), and a value of (0.477) for aging patients. In the young group with MCI, with a prevalence of 17.2%, the more effective cut off value was <21 (sensitivity: 87.5% and specificity: 74%). The PPV was 41.2%, the NPV 96.6%, with a LR+ of 3.37. In the aging group with MCI, with a prevalence of 13%, the more effective cut off value was ¼20 (sensitivity: 83.3% and specificity: 37.5%). The PPV was 16.7%, the NPV 93.8%, with a LR+ of 1.33. Conclusions: The Argentine version of the "Reading the Mind in the Eyes"’ Test is a good instrument for the detection of social cognition impairment in patients with MCI. It showed a high discriminative validity for population less than 76 years old. The present work should have to be extended to a greater sample of patients. P1-466
NORMATIVE DATA OF THE ARGENTINA VERSION OF THE BOSTON NAMING TEST AND DISCRIMINATIVE VALIDITY FOR ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
Galeno Rojas1, Fabian Roman1, Carol Dillon1, Cecilia Serrano1, Leonardo Bartoloni1, Monica Iturry1, Ricardo Allegri1, 1Hospital Zubizarreta Memory Research Clinic, Buenos Aires, Argentina.