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Draft for an international bibliography of photogrammetry
116
Draft lot an Inlernalional Bibliography of Pholoframmelry By l/V. sghermerhorn.
§ 1. Introduction. The u n d e r m e n t i o n e d proposal is based on the foJlowing principles: 1. Each issue of "Photogrammetria" will contain a p a r t of an International Bibliog r a p h y (current catalogue), chronologically arranged, b u t with a g e n e r a l classification according to form of issue and according to the languages (English, F r e n & , German, Spanish, italian, and the other languages taken together). 2. At e v e r y congress of the I n t e r n a t i o n a l Society there will be published: a) Off-prints in the form of hooks of all titles p u b l i s h e d in " P h o t o g r a m m e t r i a '~ during the four y e a r s intervM; b) A catalogue with a classification according to subjects and a register of authors. The subject ciassifieatien is in accordance with the division of commissions of the congresses. At e v e r y third congress the catalogues mentioned u n d e r b) together with tlw previous catalogues will be published in a se~)arate issue.
2. Classification according to subjects. In the proposed a r r a n g e m e n t the subject 'catalogue is of only secondary importance, but in o r d e r to fully u n d e r s t a n d the whole proposal it is advisable to start the motivation of this draft with the explanation of the classification of tMs subject-catalogue which is as follows: i I--'~l. See draft arrangement of commissions on page 77, Photogrammetria 1940. VII. Books regarding photogrammetrp 'and related subjects. Mathematics, Geodesy, Cartography, Optics, Photography, Physiology, Aviation. Book review. '~ VIIf. Communications. Government Offices, Meetings, ExMbiiions. ? IX. Articles and brochures o[ a genera~-photogrammetrie nature. Miscellaneous.
X. Patent documents.
!
With subdivision according to groqps I--V. lu connection w i t h the above the followin~ remarks are made: W i t h all subject catalogues the question iarises how far the classification can be c a r r i e d through. The more the classification its d e t a i l e d the more a double and even a triple repetition of every title becomes neeess~ary. If this repetition is, however, applied then sudl a classification simplifies the lookiqg up of publications on special subjects. This proposal aims at this simplification. !The d i s a d v a n t a g e of repetition is: more pages and consequently a more expensive subject catalogue. It should, lmwever, be taken into account that there is no need to ~ublish the complete titles in this subject catalogue as these titles will be pubtished in the c u r r e n t catalogue, i therefore, propose that only index numbers together with the names of the authors be published in the subject catalogue. It is of importance to know whether the readers interested in this article prefer a detailed classification of the subject catalogue to a less detailed classification, i t should be pointed out that e.g. the Deutsches Schrifttmn and also the American Bibliography ha-~c accepted a very detailed classification. F o r fhe classification in the s u b j e c t catalogue, whidl will be issued e v e r y four years, the arrangement of tile Deutsches Sehrifflum tiber Bildmessung und Luftbildwesen (published b y the German Society) has been used as much as possible considering the new divisiou of commissions of the Congress of the I n t e r n a t i o n a l Society of Photogramme~ry.
117 The publication regarding f u n d a m e n t a l sciences have been distributed over the commissions I and II. As separation of these scientific publications can easily be carried out, no difficulties can arise; thus the elassi{ication of the f u n d a m e n t a l sciences has beel, adapted to the division of subjects at the congresses. Another alteration is the introduction of a special group "Aerotriangulation and its application in Geodesy". This, too, is in accordance with the division of the commissions of the Congress. In certain eases doubts may arise as to whether an article belongs to group IH or e.g. to II. If, however, group III is limited to the subjects mentioned therein, these doubts will hardly be possible. Thus e. g. group III d 1 "Methods and instruments" is not m e a n t to deal with plotting instruments, only because they can also be used for aerotriangulation; this group should rather deal with special triangulation iustruments or properties of the o r d i n a r y plotting apparatuses insofar as they are of importance for aerotriangulation. The other items of III a,b, c can hardly be mistaken for group ]ii. I n the classification of the Deutsche Sdlrifttum ,,Accuracy and Economy': are both stated u n d e r group E. In the proposal for the division of commissions it is already mentioned that the question of accuracy can h a r d l y ever be dealt with i n d e p e n d e n t l y of the question of method. It is, therefore, better to place this problem in the group where either instruments or methods are discussed. All matters concerning organisation and economy of the survey of the eartil surface belong to group IV e. The numbers of the first six groups concur with the classification of the commissions. Besides these six groups there are four more groups for the bibliography, lVrom these groups the VII and X do not so mudl differ with regard to contents than with regard to their form of issue. Tim reason wlly the important group "Books regarding photogrammetry and related subjects" has not been placed at the b e g i n n i n g of t h e bibliography, but as group VII, is that the principle of classification of the bihliography should f.orrespond with the division of the commissions. An important difference as compared with the classification of the Deutsdms Sehrifrturn is the insertion of group IX: "Articles and brochures of a general-photogrammetrical nature". The greatest difficulties are often caused by these more or less popular publications, because tbey can belong to several groups. It simplifies matters if all these articles are put together in one group. Besides these articles there are three more kinds of publications, which require c;ttr special attention, viz. prospectuses of firms, reviews of books and articles etc. a'~d patent documents. The less important prospectuses will not be published in the bibliography. Elaborate prospectuses should be a r r a n g e d as much as possible n n d e r that group of the subject catalogue to whid~ they belong; this could best be done as a p p e n d i x to the scientific articles of. the group in question with a 1!ore "prospectus f r o m . . . " . Regarding' the question of reviewing publications, a difference should be made between tlhe review of books and of periodicals and their articles. It seems advisable that I. the review of books whirl1 usually deals with several subjects of photog r a m m e t r y and which, therefore, belongs to group VII should also be publi,;hed in this latter group; 2. the review of articles should be p u b l i s h e d in that group to whirl1 the article in question belongs. Reviews which only mention the contents without ;my critical r e m a r k s are not accepted ,for the bibliography. For the division of the pa~ent documents of group X the principal classification of the groups I - - V is to be adopted. It is also possible lo a r r a n g e a special division similar
118
i
to that of thc German Bibliography, but it should be taken into aceottnt that the general d i v i s i o n and the classification of the patent documents cannot be a r r a n g e d in the same way. To simplify matters and in order to adopt the division of commissions also in this group, a special classification has been omitted. F u r t h e r it is proposed not to apply the subdivision according to the six languages, to the bibliography of the patent documents.
§ 3. Current bibliography. Dioision: For the current bibliography to be ptJblished in eadl n u m b e r of "Photogrammetria" it is proposed to use a classification according to form of issue: A. Articles and b r o d m r e s of a scientific and economic nature, communications, etc.
groups l~ II, Ii[, IV, V, VI, -VIII and IX:
B. Books regarding photogrammetry and its related subjects
group VII;
C. Patent documents
group X.
For the main groups A and B a further subdivision according to languages is carried out. The division is not executed according to nations, b u t according to languages, e.g. Belgian and Swiss publications in Frendl will be mixed in the F r e n & section oF A and B with publications from France.
Notation o]' publications. Every year eaet! language section of groups A, B, and C wilt be separately numbered, chronologically and currently. Therefore, the year-figure belongs to the notation of a title. With regard to this indication of the year it is pointed out that, theoretically, the year of publication would be most suitable; For practical reasons, however, I propose to use as notation the year in whidl the article has been entered in the bibliography. i.e. so far as publications are concerned Which have been published in 1939 and later. If the notation of a publication has been foun'd in the complete subject- or anthor-register it will be possible ~'ith the aid of this year-figure, to find the right place of the title in the c u r r e n t catalogue immediately. This would not be possible b y indicating the year of publication, because there is no guarantee that every publication can be brought out in the bibliography the s a m e year oF its publication. It has to be borne in mind that the bibliography will have to rely on the assistance of voluntary collaborators from the various language groups. Therefore, the syst~em should not be tied-down to punctuality. The editor will sometimes have to ask for th~ contributions. In order that the indication of time is as exactly as possible it is propose 0 to mention with every title in the c u r r e n t catalogue the time of publication as far as t~his is known. The difference between this figure and the year figure from the notations:: has, starting with 1939, to be kept as small as possible. Each notation ought also to contain the. letters A, B, and C of the main groups. IIowever, as B and C coincide with VII and X of the subject catalogue and all r e m a i n i n g groups belong to A, ther.e will be no difficulty in onfitting these letters and to introduce immediately the group of the subject catalogue in the notation. When finding in the subject catalogue a notation containing lf, ohe knows that the complete title is to be found in the main group A of the c u r r e n t bibliography. The marking letters for the languages are F, D, E, I, Es, and V of which the last |citer indicates the collective group. The indication of a certain publication would thus be: 39 I I D 12 i(e 2 fl).
119 This is to be n n d e r s t o o d as follows: i B i b l i o g r a p h y 1939, main group A, section G e r m a n language, n u m b e r 12. Thus the lMace of this p u b l i c a t i o n has been c l e a r l y determined. The added indication (e 2fl) only serves to fully indicate the place in catalogue. F o r double indication this would be: 39 i I I) 12 (e 2 fi) I I I (e l).
the subject
Rdsum6s: It is d e s i r a b l e to mention n o t only the titles, but also the contents. The "Bibliography G~od~sique Internationale", published b y the International Geodetic Association, is an excellent example. Thqre, however, all r~sum6s a r e given in one language only, viz. French. Although m o r e difficult to organize, s e v e r a l languages a r e to be p r e f e r r e d . The editor of the b i b l i o g r a p h y could a r r a n g e the choice of languages according t o the interest shown in certain publications. E s p e c i a l l y for the sixth language section a r6snm6 of the content in one of the five a d m i t t e d languages is advisable. In this respect one has to d e p e n d on his collaborators who have to supply the rdsumds. The finances of the I n t e r n a t i o n a l Society of P h o t o g r a m m e t r y also p l a y .an i m p o r t a n t p a r t in such a scheme, as t h e y cannot be c o m p a r e d with those of the Geodetic Society. W i t h o u t special support from the National Societies it will h a r d l y be possible to publish usable r6sumfis.
§ 4. Classi]'ication of sub]ecf calalogue. The classification has been given in § 2, Every publication will be indicated b y : notation (without fully indicating its place in the subject catalogue) a n d name of the author. Thus the example given in § 3 could be found in I I e 2 as follows: 3 9 A 1 2 Jansen. F r o m this indication it can be seen at once whether it concerns an earlier or a more recent article b y this author on this subject a n d also that he complete title in the current b i b l i o g r a p h y is to be found uuder 1939, m a i n group A. D o u b l e indications of a publication in the subject catalogue are, if this method is used, not v e r y expensive. Your attention is drawn to the fact that e v e r y i n t e r e s t e d r e a d e r can obtain offprints of the b i b l i o g r a p h y whid~ will be published r e g u l a r l y in " P h o t o g r a m m e t r i a " , so that b y collecting the titles, he will be able to arrange a c a r d system himself, according to either the classification principles of the p r o p o s e d s u b j e c t catalogue or to his own principles. By acquiring s e v e r a l copies, he will be in a position to have the desired double indications in his subject catalogue. Thus he keeps his subject catalogue up to date also during the i n t e r v a l b e t w e e n two congresses. F u r t h e r t h e r e is the a d v a n t a g e of having provided his subject catalogue with complete titles so that it is never necessary to use two systems. The publications belonging to himself can be m a r k e d and the titles in languages which he does not understand can be omitted. I believe that these own card systems are one of the greatest 'advantages o.f the p u b l i c a t i o n of an I n t e r n a t i o n a l Bibliog r a p h y in "Photogrammefria".
§ 5. Arrangement of name register. The name register should be in alphabetk~al o r d e r according to the name of authors. The names are s u p p l e m e n t e d b y the complete notations; thus the y e a r - f i g u r e and the subject are k n o w n at once. Every subscriber can, of course, complete his card system b y a name register with full titles. The w o r k s of e v e r y author are e n t e r e d in the b i b l i o g r a p h y according to the year-figure.
Draft lot an Inlernalional Bibliography of Pholoframmelry By l/V. sghermerhorn.
§ 1. Introduction. The u n d e r m e n t i o n e d proposal is based on the foJlowing principles: 1. Each issue of "Photogrammetria" will contain a p a r t of an International Bibliog r a p h y (current catalogue), chronologically arranged, b u t with a g e n e r a l classification according to form of issue and according to the languages (English, F r e n & , German, Spanish, italian, and the other languages taken together). 2. At e v e r y congress of the I n t e r n a t i o n a l Society there will be published: a) Off-prints in the form of hooks of all titles p u b l i s h e d in " P h o t o g r a m m e t r i a '~ during the four y e a r s intervM; b) A catalogue with a classification according to subjects and a register of authors. The subject ciassifieatien is in accordance with the division of commissions of the congresses. At e v e r y third congress the catalogues mentioned u n d e r b) together with tlw previous catalogues will be published in a se~)arate issue.
2. Classification according to subjects. In the proposed a r r a n g e m e n t the subject 'catalogue is of only secondary importance, but in o r d e r to fully u n d e r s t a n d the whole proposal it is advisable to start the motivation of this draft with the explanation of the classification of tMs subject-catalogue which is as follows: i I--'~l. See draft arrangement of commissions on page 77, Photogrammetria 1940. VII. Books regarding photogrammetrp 'and related subjects. Mathematics, Geodesy, Cartography, Optics, Photography, Physiology, Aviation. Book review. '~ VIIf. Communications. Government Offices, Meetings, ExMbiiions. ? IX. Articles and brochures o[ a genera~-photogrammetrie nature. Miscellaneous.
X. Patent documents.
!
With subdivision according to groqps I--V. lu connection w i t h the above the followin~ remarks are made: W i t h all subject catalogues the question iarises how far the classification can be c a r r i e d through. The more the classification its d e t a i l e d the more a double and even a triple repetition of every title becomes neeess~ary. If this repetition is, however, applied then sudl a classification simplifies the lookiqg up of publications on special subjects. This proposal aims at this simplification. !The d i s a d v a n t a g e of repetition is: more pages and consequently a more expensive subject catalogue. It should, lmwever, be taken into account that there is no need to ~ublish the complete titles in this subject catalogue as these titles will be pubtished in the c u r r e n t catalogue, i therefore, propose that only index numbers together with the names of the authors be published in the subject catalogue. It is of importance to know whether the readers interested in this article prefer a detailed classification of the subject catalogue to a less detailed classification, i t should be pointed out that e.g. the Deutsches Schrifttmn and also the American Bibliography ha-~c accepted a very detailed classification. F o r fhe classification in the s u b j e c t catalogue, whidl will be issued e v e r y four years, the arrangement of tile Deutsches Sehrifflum tiber Bildmessung und Luftbildwesen (published b y the German Society) has been used as much as possible considering the new divisiou of commissions of the Congress of the I n t e r n a t i o n a l Society of Photogramme~ry.
117 The publication regarding f u n d a m e n t a l sciences have been distributed over the commissions I and II. As separation of these scientific publications can easily be carried out, no difficulties can arise; thus the elassi{ication of the f u n d a m e n t a l sciences has beel, adapted to the division of subjects at the congresses. Another alteration is the introduction of a special group "Aerotriangulation and its application in Geodesy". This, too, is in accordance with the division of the commissions of the Congress. In certain eases doubts may arise as to whether an article belongs to group IH or e.g. to II. If, however, group III is limited to the subjects mentioned therein, these doubts will hardly be possible. Thus e. g. group III d 1 "Methods and instruments" is not m e a n t to deal with plotting instruments, only because they can also be used for aerotriangulation; this group should rather deal with special triangulation iustruments or properties of the o r d i n a r y plotting apparatuses insofar as they are of importance for aerotriangulation. The other items of III a,b, c can hardly be mistaken for group ]ii. I n the classification of the Deutsche Sdlrifttum ,,Accuracy and Economy': are both stated u n d e r group E. In the proposal for the division of commissions it is already mentioned that the question of accuracy can h a r d l y ever be dealt with i n d e p e n d e n t l y of the question of method. It is, therefore, better to place this problem in the group where either instruments or methods are discussed. All matters concerning organisation and economy of the survey of the eartil surface belong to group IV e. The numbers of the first six groups concur with the classification of the commissions. Besides these six groups there are four more groups for the bibliography, lVrom these groups the VII and X do not so mudl differ with regard to contents than with regard to their form of issue. Tim reason wlly the important group "Books regarding photogrammetry and related subjects" has not been placed at the b e g i n n i n g of t h e bibliography, but as group VII, is that the principle of classification of the bihliography should f.orrespond with the division of the commissions. An important difference as compared with the classification of the Deutsdms Sehrifrturn is the insertion of group IX: "Articles and brochures of a general-photogrammetrical nature". The greatest difficulties are often caused by these more or less popular publications, because tbey can belong to several groups. It simplifies matters if all these articles are put together in one group. Besides these articles there are three more kinds of publications, which require c;ttr special attention, viz. prospectuses of firms, reviews of books and articles etc. a'~d patent documents. The less important prospectuses will not be published in the bibliography. Elaborate prospectuses should be a r r a n g e d as much as possible n n d e r that group of the subject catalogue to whid~ they belong; this could best be done as a p p e n d i x to the scientific articles of. the group in question with a 1!ore "prospectus f r o m . . . " . Regarding' the question of reviewing publications, a difference should be made between tlhe review of books and of periodicals and their articles. It seems advisable that I. the review of books whirl1 usually deals with several subjects of photog r a m m e t r y and which, therefore, belongs to group VII should also be publi,;hed in this latter group; 2. the review of articles should be p u b l i s h e d in that group to whirl1 the article in question belongs. Reviews which only mention the contents without ;my critical r e m a r k s are not accepted ,for the bibliography. For the division of the pa~ent documents of group X the principal classification of the groups I - - V is to be adopted. It is also possible lo a r r a n g e a special division similar
118
i
to that of thc German Bibliography, but it should be taken into aceottnt that the general d i v i s i o n and the classification of the patent documents cannot be a r r a n g e d in the same way. To simplify matters and in order to adopt the division of commissions also in this group, a special classification has been omitted. F u r t h e r it is proposed not to apply the subdivision according to the six languages, to the bibliography of the patent documents.
§ 3. Current bibliography. Dioision: For the current bibliography to be ptJblished in eadl n u m b e r of "Photogrammetria" it is proposed to use a classification according to form of issue: A. Articles and b r o d m r e s of a scientific and economic nature, communications, etc.
groups l~ II, Ii[, IV, V, VI, -VIII and IX:
B. Books regarding photogrammetry and its related subjects
group VII;
C. Patent documents
group X.
For the main groups A and B a further subdivision according to languages is carried out. The division is not executed according to nations, b u t according to languages, e.g. Belgian and Swiss publications in Frendl will be mixed in the F r e n & section oF A and B with publications from France.
Notation o]' publications. Every year eaet! language section of groups A, B, and C wilt be separately numbered, chronologically and currently. Therefore, the year-figure belongs to the notation of a title. With regard to this indication of the year it is pointed out that, theoretically, the year of publication would be most suitable; For practical reasons, however, I propose to use as notation the year in whidl the article has been entered in the bibliography. i.e. so far as publications are concerned Which have been published in 1939 and later. If the notation of a publication has been foun'd in the complete subject- or anthor-register it will be possible ~'ith the aid of this year-figure, to find the right place of the title in the c u r r e n t catalogue immediately. This would not be possible b y indicating the year of publication, because there is no guarantee that every publication can be brought out in the bibliography the s a m e year oF its publication. It has to be borne in mind that the bibliography will have to rely on the assistance of voluntary collaborators from the various language groups. Therefore, the syst~em should not be tied-down to punctuality. The editor will sometimes have to ask for th~ contributions. In order that the indication of time is as exactly as possible it is propose 0 to mention with every title in the c u r r e n t catalogue the time of publication as far as t~his is known. The difference between this figure and the year figure from the notations:: has, starting with 1939, to be kept as small as possible. Each notation ought also to contain the. letters A, B, and C of the main groups. IIowever, as B and C coincide with VII and X of the subject catalogue and all r e m a i n i n g groups belong to A, ther.e will be no difficulty in onfitting these letters and to introduce immediately the group of the subject catalogue in the notation. When finding in the subject catalogue a notation containing lf, ohe knows that the complete title is to be found in the main group A of the c u r r e n t bibliography. The marking letters for the languages are F, D, E, I, Es, and V of which the last |citer indicates the collective group. The indication of a certain publication would thus be: 39 I I D 12 i(e 2 fl).
119 This is to be n n d e r s t o o d as follows: i B i b l i o g r a p h y 1939, main group A, section G e r m a n language, n u m b e r 12. Thus the lMace of this p u b l i c a t i o n has been c l e a r l y determined. The added indication (e 2fl) only serves to fully indicate the place in catalogue. F o r double indication this would be: 39 i I I) 12 (e 2 fi) I I I (e l).
the subject
Rdsum6s: It is d e s i r a b l e to mention n o t only the titles, but also the contents. The "Bibliography G~od~sique Internationale", published b y the International Geodetic Association, is an excellent example. Thqre, however, all r~sum6s a r e given in one language only, viz. French. Although m o r e difficult to organize, s e v e r a l languages a r e to be p r e f e r r e d . The editor of the b i b l i o g r a p h y could a r r a n g e the choice of languages according t o the interest shown in certain publications. E s p e c i a l l y for the sixth language section a r6snm6 of the content in one of the five a d m i t t e d languages is advisable. In this respect one has to d e p e n d on his collaborators who have to supply the rdsumds. The finances of the I n t e r n a t i o n a l Society of P h o t o g r a m m e t r y also p l a y .an i m p o r t a n t p a r t in such a scheme, as t h e y cannot be c o m p a r e d with those of the Geodetic Society. W i t h o u t special support from the National Societies it will h a r d l y be possible to publish usable r6sumfis.
§ 4. Classi]'ication of sub]ecf calalogue. The classification has been given in § 2, Every publication will be indicated b y : notation (without fully indicating its place in the subject catalogue) a n d name of the author. Thus the example given in § 3 could be found in I I e 2 as follows: 3 9 A 1 2 Jansen. F r o m this indication it can be seen at once whether it concerns an earlier or a more recent article b y this author on this subject a n d also that he complete title in the current b i b l i o g r a p h y is to be found uuder 1939, m a i n group A. D o u b l e indications of a publication in the subject catalogue are, if this method is used, not v e r y expensive. Your attention is drawn to the fact that e v e r y i n t e r e s t e d r e a d e r can obtain offprints of the b i b l i o g r a p h y whid~ will be published r e g u l a r l y in " P h o t o g r a m m e t r i a " , so that b y collecting the titles, he will be able to arrange a c a r d system himself, according to either the classification principles of the p r o p o s e d s u b j e c t catalogue or to his own principles. By acquiring s e v e r a l copies, he will be in a position to have the desired double indications in his subject catalogue. Thus he keeps his subject catalogue up to date also during the i n t e r v a l b e t w e e n two congresses. F u r t h e r t h e r e is the a d v a n t a g e of having provided his subject catalogue with complete titles so that it is never necessary to use two systems. The publications belonging to himself can be m a r k e d and the titles in languages which he does not understand can be omitted. I believe that these own card systems are one of the greatest 'advantages o.f the p u b l i c a t i o n of an I n t e r n a t i o n a l Bibliog r a p h y in "Photogrammefria".
§ 5. Arrangement of name register. The name register should be in alphabetk~al o r d e r according to the name of authors. The names are s u p p l e m e n t e d b y the complete notations; thus the y e a r - f i g u r e and the subject are k n o w n at once. Every subscriber can, of course, complete his card system b y a name register with full titles. The w o r k s of e v e r y author are e n t e r e d in the b i b l i o g r a p h y according to the year-figure.