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Dysmenorrhea
ALWARD:
VITAL OAPACJ'l'Y IN LAST MONTH PREGNANCY
381
capacity in the last month of pregnancy. This is especially noticeable during the two-week period before delivery. Following .delivery there is a fairly sharp reduction in the vital capacity with a gradual return to normal limits which is reached by the tenth day of the puerperium and remains so throughout the following days of the puerperium. REFERENCES
(1) Bell, J. W.: Lancet 44: 424, 1924. (2) Wim.trich, M. A.: Krkht. d. Resnirationsor!!'ane B.V. erste Abth. von Virchow's Handbuch der Sneciellen Pathologfe und Therapie, Erlangen, 1854. (3) Zooralcovski, M.: Vital Capacity in Pregnant and Lying-in Women, 8 St. Petersburg, 1893. ( 4) Root, F. R., and Boot, H. K.: Arch. Int. Med. 32: 411, 1923. (5) Hasselbach, K. A.: Deutsche Arch. f. Klin. ~!ed. 93: 64, 1908; Scandinavisches . .A....rch. f. Physiol. 27: 1912. (6) Wittich, F. W., Myers, J. A., and Jenniln.gs, F. L.: J. A. M. A. 75: 1249, 1920. ( 7) Myers, J. A.: Vital Capacity of the Lungs, Williams and Wilkins Company, Baltimore, 1925. (8) Klaften, E., and Palugyary, J.: Arch. f. Gynak. 129: 414424, 1926. (9) Christie, C. D., and Beams, A. J.: Arch. Int. Med. 30: 34, 1922. (10) Rabinowitoh, I. M.: Arch. Int. Med. 31: 910, 1923. (11) Foster, J. H., and Hsieh, P. L.: Arch. Int. Med. 32: 335, 1923. (12) Peabody, F. W., and Wentworth, J. A.: Arch. Int. Med. 20: 443, 1917. (13) Burton-O[Jitz, R.: J. A. M. A. 78: 1686, 1922. (14) Dreyer, G.: Lancet 2: 227, 1919. (15) West, H. F.: Arch. Int. Med. 25: 306, 1920. (16) Meakims, J., and Davies, H. W.: Respiratory Function in Disease, Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, 1925. (17) Lemon, W. S., and Moersch, H. J.: Arch. Int. Med. 33: 118, 1924. (18) DuBois arnd DuBois: Arch. Int. Med. 17: 863, 1916. · ·
Joachimovits, R.:
Dysmenorrhea. Arch. f. Gyniik. 136: 301, 1929.
Sixty per cent or more of patients suffering from dysmenorrhea show stigmas of genital hypoplasia, including infantile uterus. The author studied these cases by means of iodipin injections into the uterine cavity and x-ray films and shows that many uteri called infantile from bimanual examination are actually not inft:~.ntile in character but show normal uterine cavities on x-ray examination. Conversely many uteri which are called normal bimanually are actually infantile, with definite infantile uterine e:wities. A second group of dysmenorrheic patients show a spasmophilia of all smooth muscle groups including the uterus, and this condition frequently follows severe nerv· ous illnesses. It may occasionally be climactic or psychic in origin. The third group of dysmenorrheics show lesions or changes in the uterine cavity due to injuries of ~hildbirth or abortion. The fourth group is caused by circulatory changes due to and following congenital or acquired blood vessel spasms. The last two groups result from mucous membrane derangements, and uterine and pelvic infection and inflammation. Narrowing or stricture of the cervical canal is rarely a cause of dysmenorrhea. In patients with infantile uteri, the latter should be packed with gauze. Cervical dilatation relieves these cases for several menstrual cycles. In those patients with vasomotor disturbances, temporary relief can be obtained by exerting pressure on the abdominal aorta. RALPH A. REIS.
VITAL OAPACJ'l'Y IN LAST MONTH PREGNANCY
381
capacity in the last month of pregnancy. This is especially noticeable during the two-week period before delivery. Following .delivery there is a fairly sharp reduction in the vital capacity with a gradual return to normal limits which is reached by the tenth day of the puerperium and remains so throughout the following days of the puerperium. REFERENCES
(1) Bell, J. W.: Lancet 44: 424, 1924. (2) Wim.trich, M. A.: Krkht. d. Resnirationsor!!'ane B.V. erste Abth. von Virchow's Handbuch der Sneciellen Pathologfe und Therapie, Erlangen, 1854. (3) Zooralcovski, M.: Vital Capacity in Pregnant and Lying-in Women, 8 St. Petersburg, 1893. ( 4) Root, F. R., and Boot, H. K.: Arch. Int. Med. 32: 411, 1923. (5) Hasselbach, K. A.: Deutsche Arch. f. Klin. ~!ed. 93: 64, 1908; Scandinavisches . .A....rch. f. Physiol. 27: 1912. (6) Wittich, F. W., Myers, J. A., and Jenniln.gs, F. L.: J. A. M. A. 75: 1249, 1920. ( 7) Myers, J. A.: Vital Capacity of the Lungs, Williams and Wilkins Company, Baltimore, 1925. (8) Klaften, E., and Palugyary, J.: Arch. f. Gynak. 129: 414424, 1926. (9) Christie, C. D., and Beams, A. J.: Arch. Int. Med. 30: 34, 1922. (10) Rabinowitoh, I. M.: Arch. Int. Med. 31: 910, 1923. (11) Foster, J. H., and Hsieh, P. L.: Arch. Int. Med. 32: 335, 1923. (12) Peabody, F. W., and Wentworth, J. A.: Arch. Int. Med. 20: 443, 1917. (13) Burton-O[Jitz, R.: J. A. M. A. 78: 1686, 1922. (14) Dreyer, G.: Lancet 2: 227, 1919. (15) West, H. F.: Arch. Int. Med. 25: 306, 1920. (16) Meakims, J., and Davies, H. W.: Respiratory Function in Disease, Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, 1925. (17) Lemon, W. S., and Moersch, H. J.: Arch. Int. Med. 33: 118, 1924. (18) DuBois arnd DuBois: Arch. Int. Med. 17: 863, 1916. · ·
Joachimovits, R.:
Dysmenorrhea. Arch. f. Gyniik. 136: 301, 1929.
Sixty per cent or more of patients suffering from dysmenorrhea show stigmas of genital hypoplasia, including infantile uterus. The author studied these cases by means of iodipin injections into the uterine cavity and x-ray films and shows that many uteri called infantile from bimanual examination are actually not inft:~.ntile in character but show normal uterine cavities on x-ray examination. Conversely many uteri which are called normal bimanually are actually infantile, with definite infantile uterine e:wities. A second group of dysmenorrheic patients show a spasmophilia of all smooth muscle groups including the uterus, and this condition frequently follows severe nerv· ous illnesses. It may occasionally be climactic or psychic in origin. The third group of dysmenorrheics show lesions or changes in the uterine cavity due to injuries of ~hildbirth or abortion. The fourth group is caused by circulatory changes due to and following congenital or acquired blood vessel spasms. The last two groups result from mucous membrane derangements, and uterine and pelvic infection and inflammation. Narrowing or stricture of the cervical canal is rarely a cause of dysmenorrhea. In patients with infantile uteri, the latter should be packed with gauze. Cervical dilatation relieves these cases for several menstrual cycles. In those patients with vasomotor disturbances, temporary relief can be obtained by exerting pressure on the abdominal aorta. RALPH A. REIS.