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EEG correlates of autobiographical memory as revealed by temporal and spatial ICA
International Journal of Psychophysiology 94 (2014) 120–261
131
Review and analysis of the practical data conducted in Japanese criminal investigation
exemplifies how some new psychophysiological and clinical ideas may emerge from the use of such advanced analysis methods.
Akemi Osugi The Forensic Science Laboratory, Hyogo Prefectural Police Headquarters, Japan
doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.08.618
In Japan, the Concealed Information Test (CIT) is extensively conducted as an information-gathering test for real-life criminal investigations. In this presentation, some features of Japanese practical CIT are introduced using thirty examinations which were performed in Japan in the past two years and confirmed the fact that examinees confessed his/her guilt and recognized some crime-related information through the later criminal investigations, in order to cultivate a shared understanding of the Japanese CIT. First, Searching questions have been used in Japan more aggressively than other countries' scientists think. Among thirty examinations, sixty-percent examinations were composed of a combination of the Known-solution questions and the Searching questions, and forty-percent examinations were composed of only the Searching questions. Second, judgments in Japan about whether or not an examinee knows particular crime-related information are made for each question respectively and an examiner never judges whether the examinee is guilty or innocent by integrating all responses obtained from the examinee, although foreign laboratory research adopts the comprehensive judgment integrating the whole questions. To compare between two judgment systems, the aforementioned field data were judged by the comprehensive judgment by way of experiment. As a result, thirteen examinations of the thirty were failed in the comprehensive judgment, although the Japanese examiner succeeded in all examinations by the respective judgment. Third, in the practical field, it is sometimes inevitable that some questions are constructed with low distinguishability because available questions are multifariously varied depending on the examinee's allegation and the status of criminal investigation. Moreover some examinations are conducted venturing to focus on highly-detailed information as necessary for further criminal investigations. Here the responses between questions with high distinguishability and ones with low distinguishability were compared. The result was revealed that the differences between responses to the crime-related information and those to irrelevant information were significantly larger in questions with high distinguishability than in ones with low distinguishability, however in both questions responses to the crime-related information were significantly larger than those to irrelevant information. Finally, further cooperation between field practice and laboratory research is discussed.
EEG correlates of autobiographical memory as revealed by temporal and spatial ICA
doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.08.617
Symposium B2 Psychophysiological and clinical results from advanced EEG analysis and combined methods Organizer: Luis F. H. Basile (Brazil) Since the advent of computers, the complex electroencephalographic (EEG) signals have been subject to a myriad of treatments and interpretations. Initially, the computation of simple and quadratic (electric ‘power’) averages led to a large and still very active field of research. But following the recognition of limitations of those averages with respect to the total content of the signals, the most active and fertile field of EEG research became exactly the development of complementary and independent methods of analysis, and the new application of mathematical tools established in other scientific fields. This symposium
Gennady Knyazev Institute of Physiology and Fundamental Medicine, Russia Recollection of events from one's own life is referred to as autobiographical memory. Autobiographical memory is an important part of our self. Recent neuroimaging findings link self-related processes with a set of brain regions, which together are called the default mode network (DMN). Much evidence coming primarily from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies shows that autobiographical memory and the default mode of brain function have a common neural base. Understanding the brain function however is not possible without a comparison of the evidence coming from different methodological domains. In this study, electroencephalographic (EEG) data collected during recollection of autobiographical episodes were analyzed using temporal and spatial independent component analyses in combination with source localization techniques. In good agreement with fMRI findings, autobiographical remembering was associated with oscillatory changes in cortical areas overlapping with the DMN. The pattern of these changes points at alpha oscillations as the primary oscillatory correlate of DMN-related psychological processes, such as autobiographical memory. The study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, research projects no. 13-04-00182-a and no. 14-06-00039a and the Russian Scientific Foundation (RSCF) research projects no. 14-15-00202. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.08.619
Coherence and phase lag index analyses — A preliminary MEG/EEG sensor-level study on functional connectivities during the Sternberg memory task Shiho Okuhataa,b, Tetsuo Kobayashib a Department of Engineering, Kyoto University, Japan b Restart Postdoctoral Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Japan Background: Present study compared sensor-level coherence and phase lag index (PLI), an alternative connectivity measure with minimum volume conduction effects during the Sternberg memory tasks using both magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG). Our objective was to investigate functional network during the memory process, avoiding spurious high correlations between two regions of interest caused by volume conduction. Methods: Ten healthy adult volunteers participated in the EEG and MEG experiments. Two Sternberg tasks differ in the presentation style of memory set (simultaneous or successive) were used. The participants indicated if a test item presented after 3000 ms — interval was in the memory set. Two conditions differ in memory load were set (memory and control). EEGs were recorded using a 128-channel Active Two system (BioSemi) at a sampling rate of 512 Hz with the left mastoid reference. MEGs were recorded using a 306-channel whole-head MEG system VectorView, (Elekta Neuromag) at a sampling rate of 600 Hz. Analyses
131
Review and analysis of the practical data conducted in Japanese criminal investigation
exemplifies how some new psychophysiological and clinical ideas may emerge from the use of such advanced analysis methods.
Akemi Osugi The Forensic Science Laboratory, Hyogo Prefectural Police Headquarters, Japan
doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.08.618
In Japan, the Concealed Information Test (CIT) is extensively conducted as an information-gathering test for real-life criminal investigations. In this presentation, some features of Japanese practical CIT are introduced using thirty examinations which were performed in Japan in the past two years and confirmed the fact that examinees confessed his/her guilt and recognized some crime-related information through the later criminal investigations, in order to cultivate a shared understanding of the Japanese CIT. First, Searching questions have been used in Japan more aggressively than other countries' scientists think. Among thirty examinations, sixty-percent examinations were composed of a combination of the Known-solution questions and the Searching questions, and forty-percent examinations were composed of only the Searching questions. Second, judgments in Japan about whether or not an examinee knows particular crime-related information are made for each question respectively and an examiner never judges whether the examinee is guilty or innocent by integrating all responses obtained from the examinee, although foreign laboratory research adopts the comprehensive judgment integrating the whole questions. To compare between two judgment systems, the aforementioned field data were judged by the comprehensive judgment by way of experiment. As a result, thirteen examinations of the thirty were failed in the comprehensive judgment, although the Japanese examiner succeeded in all examinations by the respective judgment. Third, in the practical field, it is sometimes inevitable that some questions are constructed with low distinguishability because available questions are multifariously varied depending on the examinee's allegation and the status of criminal investigation. Moreover some examinations are conducted venturing to focus on highly-detailed information as necessary for further criminal investigations. Here the responses between questions with high distinguishability and ones with low distinguishability were compared. The result was revealed that the differences between responses to the crime-related information and those to irrelevant information were significantly larger in questions with high distinguishability than in ones with low distinguishability, however in both questions responses to the crime-related information were significantly larger than those to irrelevant information. Finally, further cooperation between field practice and laboratory research is discussed.
EEG correlates of autobiographical memory as revealed by temporal and spatial ICA
doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.08.617
Symposium B2 Psychophysiological and clinical results from advanced EEG analysis and combined methods Organizer: Luis F. H. Basile (Brazil) Since the advent of computers, the complex electroencephalographic (EEG) signals have been subject to a myriad of treatments and interpretations. Initially, the computation of simple and quadratic (electric ‘power’) averages led to a large and still very active field of research. But following the recognition of limitations of those averages with respect to the total content of the signals, the most active and fertile field of EEG research became exactly the development of complementary and independent methods of analysis, and the new application of mathematical tools established in other scientific fields. This symposium
Gennady Knyazev Institute of Physiology and Fundamental Medicine, Russia Recollection of events from one's own life is referred to as autobiographical memory. Autobiographical memory is an important part of our self. Recent neuroimaging findings link self-related processes with a set of brain regions, which together are called the default mode network (DMN). Much evidence coming primarily from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies shows that autobiographical memory and the default mode of brain function have a common neural base. Understanding the brain function however is not possible without a comparison of the evidence coming from different methodological domains. In this study, electroencephalographic (EEG) data collected during recollection of autobiographical episodes were analyzed using temporal and spatial independent component analyses in combination with source localization techniques. In good agreement with fMRI findings, autobiographical remembering was associated with oscillatory changes in cortical areas overlapping with the DMN. The pattern of these changes points at alpha oscillations as the primary oscillatory correlate of DMN-related psychological processes, such as autobiographical memory. The study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, research projects no. 13-04-00182-a and no. 14-06-00039a and the Russian Scientific Foundation (RSCF) research projects no. 14-15-00202. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.08.619
Coherence and phase lag index analyses — A preliminary MEG/EEG sensor-level study on functional connectivities during the Sternberg memory task Shiho Okuhataa,b, Tetsuo Kobayashib a Department of Engineering, Kyoto University, Japan b Restart Postdoctoral Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Japan Background: Present study compared sensor-level coherence and phase lag index (PLI), an alternative connectivity measure with minimum volume conduction effects during the Sternberg memory tasks using both magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG). Our objective was to investigate functional network during the memory process, avoiding spurious high correlations between two regions of interest caused by volume conduction. Methods: Ten healthy adult volunteers participated in the EEG and MEG experiments. Two Sternberg tasks differ in the presentation style of memory set (simultaneous or successive) were used. The participants indicated if a test item presented after 3000 ms — interval was in the memory set. Two conditions differ in memory load were set (memory and control). EEGs were recorded using a 128-channel Active Two system (BioSemi) at a sampling rate of 512 Hz with the left mastoid reference. MEGs were recorded using a 306-channel whole-head MEG system VectorView, (Elekta Neuromag) at a sampling rate of 600 Hz. Analyses