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Effect of clay filler on the strength characteristics of rubble-clay soils
220A
ion that there is a statistical ccrrela~.ion between the
orlentatio~s of microfractures in ~rains an~ the stresses actlmg across the boundaries of the rock aggregate in bulk. The research was carried out in two phases, one deali~ with uncemez~ed a~d the o t h ~ with cemented a~gre~tes. Both ~ e s o f a ~ e g a t e s were studied using a s y ~ e s i s of l ~ h o t ~ c s , experimental rock defc~matlon azd petrofabrlcs. Study of uncemented models was initiated with simple photoels~tic arrays, culminatlmg with a three-disc model. Stresses in this model were come,red with fracture patterns in three rock discs. S~m~ler comparisons were performed for larger arrays, some with circular, and others wi%h naturally shaped elements. Work on uncemented a~gregates was concluded with petrofabric study of experimen~mlly d e f a m e d glass spheres and unconsolidated quartz sand. 2175 K~,WW ~ U R . M I ~ , TWIN CITIFY, MINN. USA CHAM~N, PG BUR.MINES, TWIN CITIES, MTNN. USA New technique for measuri:~ rock fracture energy. SOC •P ~ A ' ~ ~ . J, %r14,N3, J U ~ , 1974~ P237- 242. The use of cloeod-loop, servocontrolled test systems to obtain rock fracture encTgy measurements in unlaxial tension, ~ s l o : ~ and direct shear is described. Results of fractt~e e n c ~ tests performed on three rock types are ;resented. A~alyais of the test results substantiates the validit~ of ~ i ~ fracture e~ergy by the new test t e ~ q u e s . F r a c ~ e energy values for three rock types tested ~1~er four different load co~fig~rstions indicate that fracture energy requirements depend on the type of loading applied to the specimen. The ratio of fracture energy required in uniaxial compression to that required in uniaxial tension r a r e s from 140 for Berea sardstone to 560 for Barre granite.
Strength characteristics 2176 BARTON, N NORWEG.GEOT~CH. INST. OSLO, N Review of a ne~ shear stremgth criterion for rock J oirf~s. 20F, 6T, 5~R • ENGNG.GEGLDGY, VT, E%, 1973, P287-332 • Methods of es~.~tlng the strer~h of weathered rock are discussed amd the predicted values of shear strength are in a~reement with experimental results from the literature, for bo%h weathered ani ur~eathered rough Joints. A simple r o t ~ s s classification involving a sliding scale of r o t ~ s s was used to aid the evaluation of the sheer s t r e ~ of tu~illed Joints of intermediate roughhess. The presence of water is found to reduce the shear s t r e ~ of rough unfilled Joints but hardly to affect the s t r e ~ of planar surfaces. This result is predicted by the peak stre~ah criterion for roughumdulatimg Joints which is proposed in this paper. 2177 ~{A.R~ALEI~'O, "v'D Spatial periodicity in the strengths of rocks. 2F, 12R. S O V I ~ MIN.SCI.V~,N2,MAR-APR.1973, P153-156. The distribution of stremgth in rocks was investigated by meam~ of local probing of the surfaces and specimens of polymlct sa~Istome, granite and white marble. On the surfaces of the specimens re~ions of unlf~rm mineralogical ccmpositlon a ~ structural pattern were distimguished. The aggregate hardness was determined on a coc~iinate lattice marked on the specimen surfaces and then the distributions of mineralogical composition and punch hardness of the tested rocks were compared by referring these ir~Idces to the co-c~xlir~tes on the surfaces of the specimens. A regular periodic character in the variation of stremgth in the rocks urger test was established.
2178 ~NSON, DE UNIV. I~E~ MEEICO, A Y ~ U Q ~ J ~ , USA ~AFILIDIS, GE UNI~. NE~ MEXICO, ALBUQ~ERQL~, USA Influence of specimen size amd g e ~ on umlaxial c~essive stre~ of rock. llF,6T,11R. BULL. ASSOC . E ~ . G E O L . V l l , NI, 1974, F29-47. The compressive strengths of three rock types (tonelite, granite, and limestone) were investi@~ted in relation to their specimen size and ge~mrt~Ic shape in a luBca~tcry study as pert of a laburatc~y/field testing prO~'~-~. Specimens of two geometries, cylindrical and ~ I r i a ~ prismatic, were ~epared and tested in uniaxial ccerpreaslo] Strain measmwments were also made along the length of the specimens to determine modulus and strain distribution. Auth. 2179 LAED, CO MIT, L~X/~aTON, MASSACHUSETTS, USA FO~, R MIT, L E X I E N , MASSAC~US~S, USA New design l~rocedure far stability of soft clays. 1OF, 3T, 39R. J. GEOTECN.EN3NG. DIV. VI00, N •GT7, JULY, 1974, F763"786 • A new method for evaluatir~ the undrai:~-d atrer6th of clay foundations is presented. The paper includes a short review of l~esent design practice, which is widely used to determine the stability of clay f~?~-tions, and recent research; and an analysis of the present design ~ c t i c e before introducing the new method of design framed SHANS~P, Cstress history and normalised soil er~ineering properties. ) Four case studies, involving the use of SHANSEP on different clay types are included. 2180 SHACEEL, B Repeated loadi~ of soils - a review. 4F, ST,64R. AUSTRAL. RD.RES .VS,N3,1973, P22-49. 2181 WINDHAM, JE A qualitative study of the stress-strain behavlour of a cohesionlesm material within the framework of a second order Cauchy elastic cormtitutive relation. Thesis. Figs,Tabls, Ref s. TEXAS A AND M UNIV.CGLLEGE STATION, USA,1973,BI6P. 2182 YUDHBIR INDIAN INST.TECHNOL.KANPt~, IND Residual strength and landslides in clay and shale. Discussion of original paper by H.L. Noble. J. Soil Mech. Found. Div. Ng, SeI~.I973. 3F, SR. J .GEOTECH.ENG~.DIV.VI00, N. G ~ , 1974, P956-958. The significance of er~ineerir6 neology on colluvial slopes and its effect on shearing resistance operating on failure surfaces in these materials is discussed. 2183 FEDOROV, VI SERGEVNINA, W Effect of clay filler on the stremghh characteristics of ruBble-clay soils. 2F,2T, SR. SOIL MECH.FOUNDATION ENG.VIO, N6,1973,P394-397. LabQratory tests were carried out on the sheer resistance of rubble-clay mixtures, tests were also carried out in semimatural conditions (in a flmze). The resuits of the experiments were suBjected to statistical treatment with the use of the correlation analysis method. An analysis of the results of the investigation shows that the values of the angles of internal friction of the rubble-clay soils increases with an increase of the ruBble and gravel content and a decrease in the values of specific cohesions.
ion that there is a statistical ccrrela~.ion between the
orlentatio~s of microfractures in ~rains an~ the stresses actlmg across the boundaries of the rock aggregate in bulk. The research was carried out in two phases, one deali~ with uncemez~ed a~d the o t h ~ with cemented a~gre~tes. Both ~ e s o f a ~ e g a t e s were studied using a s y ~ e s i s of l ~ h o t ~ c s , experimental rock defc~matlon azd petrofabrlcs. Study of uncemented models was initiated with simple photoels~tic arrays, culminatlmg with a three-disc model. Stresses in this model were come,red with fracture patterns in three rock discs. S~m~ler comparisons were performed for larger arrays, some with circular, and others wi%h naturally shaped elements. Work on uncemented a~gregates was concluded with petrofabric study of experimen~mlly d e f a m e d glass spheres and unconsolidated quartz sand. 2175 K~,WW ~ U R . M I ~ , TWIN CITIFY, MINN. USA CHAM~N, PG BUR.MINES, TWIN CITIES, MTNN. USA New technique for measuri:~ rock fracture energy. SOC •P ~ A ' ~ ~ . J, %r14,N3, J U ~ , 1974~ P237- 242. The use of cloeod-loop, servocontrolled test systems to obtain rock fracture encTgy measurements in unlaxial tension, ~ s l o : ~ and direct shear is described. Results of fractt~e e n c ~ tests performed on three rock types are ;resented. A~alyais of the test results substantiates the validit~ of ~ i ~ fracture e~ergy by the new test t e ~ q u e s . F r a c ~ e energy values for three rock types tested ~1~er four different load co~fig~rstions indicate that fracture energy requirements depend on the type of loading applied to the specimen. The ratio of fracture energy required in uniaxial compression to that required in uniaxial tension r a r e s from 140 for Berea sardstone to 560 for Barre granite.
Strength characteristics 2176 BARTON, N NORWEG.GEOT~CH. INST. OSLO, N Review of a ne~ shear stremgth criterion for rock J oirf~s. 20F, 6T, 5~R • ENGNG.GEGLDGY, VT, E%, 1973, P287-332 • Methods of es~.~tlng the strer~h of weathered rock are discussed amd the predicted values of shear strength are in a~reement with experimental results from the literature, for bo%h weathered ani ur~eathered rough Joints. A simple r o t ~ s s classification involving a sliding scale of r o t ~ s s was used to aid the evaluation of the sheer s t r e ~ of tu~illed Joints of intermediate roughhess. The presence of water is found to reduce the shear s t r e ~ of rough unfilled Joints but hardly to affect the s t r e ~ of planar surfaces. This result is predicted by the peak stre~ah criterion for roughumdulatimg Joints which is proposed in this paper. 2177 ~{A.R~ALEI~'O, "v'D Spatial periodicity in the strengths of rocks. 2F, 12R. S O V I ~ MIN.SCI.V~,N2,MAR-APR.1973, P153-156. The distribution of stremgth in rocks was investigated by meam~ of local probing of the surfaces and specimens of polymlct sa~Istome, granite and white marble. On the surfaces of the specimens re~ions of unlf~rm mineralogical ccmpositlon a ~ structural pattern were distimguished. The aggregate hardness was determined on a coc~iinate lattice marked on the specimen surfaces and then the distributions of mineralogical composition and punch hardness of the tested rocks were compared by referring these ir~Idces to the co-c~xlir~tes on the surfaces of the specimens. A regular periodic character in the variation of stremgth in the rocks urger test was established.
2178 ~NSON, DE UNIV. I~E~ MEEICO, A Y ~ U Q ~ J ~ , USA ~AFILIDIS, GE UNI~. NE~ MEXICO, ALBUQ~ERQL~, USA Influence of specimen size amd g e ~ on umlaxial c~essive stre~ of rock. llF,6T,11R. BULL. ASSOC . E ~ . G E O L . V l l , NI, 1974, F29-47. The compressive strengths of three rock types (tonelite, granite, and limestone) were investi@~ted in relation to their specimen size and ge~mrt~Ic shape in a luBca~tcry study as pert of a laburatc~y/field testing prO~'~-~. Specimens of two geometries, cylindrical and ~ I r i a ~ prismatic, were ~epared and tested in uniaxial ccerpreaslo] Strain measmwments were also made along the length of the specimens to determine modulus and strain distribution. Auth. 2179 LAED, CO MIT, L~X/~aTON, MASSACHUSETTS, USA FO~, R MIT, L E X I E N , MASSAC~US~S, USA New design l~rocedure far stability of soft clays. 1OF, 3T, 39R. J. GEOTECN.EN3NG. DIV. VI00, N •GT7, JULY, 1974, F763"786 • A new method for evaluatir~ the undrai:~-d atrer6th of clay foundations is presented. The paper includes a short review of l~esent design practice, which is widely used to determine the stability of clay f~?~-tions, and recent research; and an analysis of the present design ~ c t i c e before introducing the new method of design framed SHANS~P, Cstress history and normalised soil er~ineering properties. ) Four case studies, involving the use of SHANSEP on different clay types are included. 2180 SHACEEL, B Repeated loadi~ of soils - a review. 4F, ST,64R. AUSTRAL. RD.RES .VS,N3,1973, P22-49. 2181 WINDHAM, JE A qualitative study of the stress-strain behavlour of a cohesionlesm material within the framework of a second order Cauchy elastic cormtitutive relation. Thesis. Figs,Tabls, Ref s. TEXAS A AND M UNIV.CGLLEGE STATION, USA,1973,BI6P. 2182 YUDHBIR INDIAN INST.TECHNOL.KANPt~, IND Residual strength and landslides in clay and shale. Discussion of original paper by H.L. Noble. J. Soil Mech. Found. Div. Ng, SeI~.I973. 3F, SR. J .GEOTECH.ENG~.DIV.VI00, N. G ~ , 1974, P956-958. The significance of er~ineerir6 neology on colluvial slopes and its effect on shearing resistance operating on failure surfaces in these materials is discussed. 2183 FEDOROV, VI SERGEVNINA, W Effect of clay filler on the stremghh characteristics of ruBble-clay soils. 2F,2T, SR. SOIL MECH.FOUNDATION ENG.VIO, N6,1973,P394-397. LabQratory tests were carried out on the sheer resistance of rubble-clay mixtures, tests were also carried out in semimatural conditions (in a flmze). The resuits of the experiments were suBjected to statistical treatment with the use of the correlation analysis method. An analysis of the results of the investigation shows that the values of the angles of internal friction of the rubble-clay soils increases with an increase of the ruBble and gravel content and a decrease in the values of specific cohesions.