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Effect of environmental contaminants on the health of Mytilus edulis from puget sound, Washington: Cytochemical measures of lysomal responses and detoxifying enzymes using automatic image analysis
Abstracts
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immediate vicinty of the Dutch coast in the Rhine-Meuse. estuary. When normalized to organic carbon, coarse coastal sediments contained slightly higher levels of both PAHs and PCBs than similar sediments from offshore areas.
Effect of Environmental Contaminants on the Health of Mytilrrs eddis from Puget Sound, Washington: Cytochemical Measures of Lysomal Responses and Detoxifying Enzymes using Automatic Image Analysis. P. K. KRISHNAKUMAR,O E. CASILLASb & U. VARANASI.’ aCentral Marine Fisheries Research Institute, PO Box 2704, Cochin 682 031, Kerala India; ‘Environmental Conservation Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 2725, Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, Washington 98112, USA.
Cytochemical responses in the digestive cells of Mytilus edulis from nine variably contaminated sites in Puget Sound, Washington (USA) were measured using automatic image analysis. Mussels from urban-associated sites (areas with elevated sediment concentration of PAHs, PCBs, DDTs and metals) showed reduced lysosomal labilization period, enhanced lipofuscin deposition, increased accumulation of lysosomal and cytoplasmic unsaturated neutral lipids. Mussels from the contaminated sites also showed high levels of NADPH-ferrihemoprotein reductase, DT-diaphorase and catalase activity in the digestive cells. Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase activity was found supressed in mussels from the contaminated sites with an increase in peroxisome proliferatin in the digestive cells. Condition indices (tissue wt/length) in mussels from urban-associated sites were lower relative to mussels from reference sites. Highly significant correlations were observed among tissue PAH and PCB concentrations (measures of anthropogenic exposure) and lysosomal labilization period, NADPH-ferrihemoprotein reductase and catlase activity in the digestive cells. The sampling design (numerous sites from a variety of areas within Puget Sound, WA) indicated that pathological alterations in molecular and cellular level of mussels from the urban-associated sites were more likely induced by the high tissue concentrations of organic contaminants and not a result of potential confounding biotic (spawning stress) or abiotic (temperature, salinity and food availability) factors. The results shows that cytochemical measurement of molecular and cellular responses combined with automatic image analysis have the potential to be used as a sensitive, accurate and rapid technique for assessing the biological impact of environmental contaminants in mussels in the near coastal environment.
Response of the Bivalve Macoma balt&a Exposed to Acute Doses of Metals: Allozyme Genotype Effects. M. LAULIER,” J.-C. AMIARDb & C. AMIARDTRIQUETb. 0 GIREM, Loboratoire de Biologie Animale, Faculte des Sciences, Universite du Maine, Avenue 0. Messian, 72 017 le Mans cedex, France; ’ GIREM, Service d’Ecotoxicologie, Fact& de Pharmacie, Universite’ de Nantes, I Rue G. Veil, 44035 Nantes cedex 01, France.
The potential selection pressure due to metal pollution was tested by comparing allelic frequencies in two enzymatic systems, GPI (phosphoglucose isomerase)
361
immediate vicinty of the Dutch coast in the Rhine-Meuse. estuary. When normalized to organic carbon, coarse coastal sediments contained slightly higher levels of both PAHs and PCBs than similar sediments from offshore areas.
Effect of Environmental Contaminants on the Health of Mytilrrs eddis from Puget Sound, Washington: Cytochemical Measures of Lysomal Responses and Detoxifying Enzymes using Automatic Image Analysis. P. K. KRISHNAKUMAR,O E. CASILLASb & U. VARANASI.’ aCentral Marine Fisheries Research Institute, PO Box 2704, Cochin 682 031, Kerala India; ‘Environmental Conservation Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 2725, Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, Washington 98112, USA.
Cytochemical responses in the digestive cells of Mytilus edulis from nine variably contaminated sites in Puget Sound, Washington (USA) were measured using automatic image analysis. Mussels from urban-associated sites (areas with elevated sediment concentration of PAHs, PCBs, DDTs and metals) showed reduced lysosomal labilization period, enhanced lipofuscin deposition, increased accumulation of lysosomal and cytoplasmic unsaturated neutral lipids. Mussels from the contaminated sites also showed high levels of NADPH-ferrihemoprotein reductase, DT-diaphorase and catalase activity in the digestive cells. Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase activity was found supressed in mussels from the contaminated sites with an increase in peroxisome proliferatin in the digestive cells. Condition indices (tissue wt/length) in mussels from urban-associated sites were lower relative to mussels from reference sites. Highly significant correlations were observed among tissue PAH and PCB concentrations (measures of anthropogenic exposure) and lysosomal labilization period, NADPH-ferrihemoprotein reductase and catlase activity in the digestive cells. The sampling design (numerous sites from a variety of areas within Puget Sound, WA) indicated that pathological alterations in molecular and cellular level of mussels from the urban-associated sites were more likely induced by the high tissue concentrations of organic contaminants and not a result of potential confounding biotic (spawning stress) or abiotic (temperature, salinity and food availability) factors. The results shows that cytochemical measurement of molecular and cellular responses combined with automatic image analysis have the potential to be used as a sensitive, accurate and rapid technique for assessing the biological impact of environmental contaminants in mussels in the near coastal environment.
Response of the Bivalve Macoma balt&a Exposed to Acute Doses of Metals: Allozyme Genotype Effects. M. LAULIER,” J.-C. AMIARDb & C. AMIARDTRIQUETb. 0 GIREM, Loboratoire de Biologie Animale, Faculte des Sciences, Universite du Maine, Avenue 0. Messian, 72 017 le Mans cedex, France; ’ GIREM, Service d’Ecotoxicologie, Fact& de Pharmacie, Universite’ de Nantes, I Rue G. Veil, 44035 Nantes cedex 01, France.
The potential selection pressure due to metal pollution was tested by comparing allelic frequencies in two enzymatic systems, GPI (phosphoglucose isomerase)