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Effect of liming on mycorrhiza formation in pinus sylvestris and picea abies
459
Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 28 (1989) 459-462 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam Printed in Czechoslovakia
EFFECT OF LIMING ON MYCORRHIZA FORMATION IN PINUS SYLVESTRIS AND PICEA ABIES Semjonova L. Forest
Research
Institute,
Karelian
Branch
of
the USSR
Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, USSR Introduction The
acidity
of
the
environment
of mycorrhizal fungi
varies over wide ranges (Eremeeva, 1980, Schemachanova, 1962, Mikola, ful both
1956). Mycorrhiza formation can be succes-
on acidic podzolic soils and carbonate chernozem
(Lobanov~ 1953, Clement et ai.,1977, Mikola, 1966). Investigators often find no direct connections acidity and
between soil
the intensity of myccorhiza formation. Richards
(1965) shows that mycorrhizae are formed within a wide range of pH
values and
in cases when inhibition takes place, the
effect can be explained by a high concentration of nitrates, but not
by soil
to Mirchnik total number (1966), in are
formed
in alkalinity. On the other hand according
(1957)
soil . liming
of fungi. acidic soils on
pine
considerably
reduces the
According to observations of Mikola myccorhizae with
seedling
roots.
a thicker mantle
Liming also reduces
dichotomous branching of short roots. Materials and Methods The effect of different levels of
liming on
growth of
Pinus sylvestris (L.) and Picea abies (L.) Karsten seedlings was studied in a field experiment. Mycorrhizal infection was examined in
one year old seedlings to determine optimal and
toxic levels of liming. Experimental plots were placed
in a
460
uprooted clearing
with medium
(CaCO~ - 73.5% and
MgCO~
-
sandy soil. Milled limestone 12.9%)
was
spread
on fallow
plots one year prior to sowing (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 5.0, 7.0, 8.0, i0.0, 14.0, 20.0, 25.0, t/ha).
All the plots were fertilized (N30 P40 K30) before sowing. The experimental
plots were
1.5 x
1.5 m
size. The sowing
was performed in the middle part of each plot (i.0 x 1.0 m). Each dose was applied on two plots. The plots with spruce
were
adjacent
to
each
other
in
pine and
each
tratment.
Mycorrhiza formation was examined in 30 - 50
seedlings from
each
formation
plot.
The
intensity
of
mycorrhiza
was
estimated on a graded scale: 1 - mycorrhizal infection of up to 25%
of all short roots of seedling, 2 - up to 50%,
3 - over 50% (Schubin, 1973). Results and discussion The results of
our
reserach
revealed
no correlation
between the lime rate applied and the intensity of mycorrhiza formation both of pine highest
mycorrhiza
and
spruce
infection
was
from the plot with lime rate 0.5 t/ha one
with
4
t/ha
sandy
soil. The
in pine roots
(pH 4.5),
the lowest
rate (pH 6.3). Ectomycorrhizae, however,
developed successfully with (Fig. I).
in
observed
even
Bifurcated mycorrhizae
higher
application rates
were absent on plots with
i0 and 14 t/ha (pH 7.4 - 7.5) but on plots receving higher rates
(20 and
25 t/ha,
seedlings had dichotomous of high
lime doses
pH 7.5
branching.
and an
- 7.8) Thus
lime at
92% of pine
the application
increase of pH of soil from 4.3
(control) to 7.8 (25 t/ha) does not rule out the possibility of
mycorrhiza
formation
degree of
mycorrhiza
roots are
probably rather
of
seedlings. Differences in the
infection
and
branching
of short
due to the initial background of
fungal flora of the plots than to the lime rate applied.
461
SY
8~ FII
I
I
~'~ ~
-
J
4
[tl~)
R 2"
D1
I,
4 Fig. i.
pH b
7
8~
Mycorrhiza infection and dry weight of above-ground parts of one year
old pine (I) and spruce (II) seedlings in limed sandy soll.
References Eremeeva,
L. V.: Vliyanie pH sredy na rost m i k o r i z n y k h
saprofitnykh gribov. lesoobrazuyushchikh p. 45-64, 1980.
In: M i k o r i z n ye
griby i m i k o r i z y
porod Severa. Pettrozavodsk,
i
462
Clement, A., Garbaye, J., Le Tacon, F.: Importance des ectomycorrhizes dans la resistance au calcaire du Pin noir (Pinus nigra Arn. spp. nigricans Host). Oecol. Plant. 12: 111-131,-1977. Lobanov, N.
V.: Mikotrofnost drevesnykh rastenii. Moskva,
1953. Mikola, P.: Studies on the ectendotrophic mycorrhiza in pine forests
with spruce
undergrowth. Ann.
Bot. Fenn.
3: 406-409, 1966. Mirchnik, T. G.: 0 gribakh, vyzyvayushchikh toksichonst dernovopodzolistoi pochvy turennosti. Mikrobiol.
razlichnoi stepeni okul'-
26: 78, 1957.
Richards, B. N.: Mycorrhiza development of loblolly pine seedlings in
relation to soil reaction and the supply
of nitrate. Plant Soil, 22: 187-199, 1965. Shemakhanova, N. M.: Mikotrofiya drevesnykh porod.
Moskva,
1962. Shubin, V.
I.: Mikotrofnost drevesnykh porod i e e
znachenie
pri razvedenii lesa v taezhnoi zone. Leningrad,
1982.
Semjonova, L., 1989: Effect of liming on mycorrhiza formation in Pinus svlvestris and picea ables. Agric., Ecosystems Environ., 28: 459-462.
Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 28 (1989) 459-462 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam Printed in Czechoslovakia
EFFECT OF LIMING ON MYCORRHIZA FORMATION IN PINUS SYLVESTRIS AND PICEA ABIES Semjonova L. Forest
Research
Institute,
Karelian
Branch
of
the USSR
Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, USSR Introduction The
acidity
of
the
environment
of mycorrhizal fungi
varies over wide ranges (Eremeeva, 1980, Schemachanova, 1962, Mikola, ful both
1956). Mycorrhiza formation can be succes-
on acidic podzolic soils and carbonate chernozem
(Lobanov~ 1953, Clement et ai.,1977, Mikola, 1966). Investigators often find no direct connections acidity and
between soil
the intensity of myccorhiza formation. Richards
(1965) shows that mycorrhizae are formed within a wide range of pH
values and
in cases when inhibition takes place, the
effect can be explained by a high concentration of nitrates, but not
by soil
to Mirchnik total number (1966), in are
formed
in alkalinity. On the other hand according
(1957)
soil . liming
of fungi. acidic soils on
pine
considerably
reduces the
According to observations of Mikola myccorhizae with
seedling
roots.
a thicker mantle
Liming also reduces
dichotomous branching of short roots. Materials and Methods The effect of different levels of
liming on
growth of
Pinus sylvestris (L.) and Picea abies (L.) Karsten seedlings was studied in a field experiment. Mycorrhizal infection was examined in
one year old seedlings to determine optimal and
toxic levels of liming. Experimental plots were placed
in a
460
uprooted clearing
with medium
(CaCO~ - 73.5% and
MgCO~
-
sandy soil. Milled limestone 12.9%)
was
spread
on fallow
plots one year prior to sowing (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 5.0, 7.0, 8.0, i0.0, 14.0, 20.0, 25.0, t/ha).
All the plots were fertilized (N30 P40 K30) before sowing. The experimental
plots were
1.5 x
1.5 m
size. The sowing
was performed in the middle part of each plot (i.0 x 1.0 m). Each dose was applied on two plots. The plots with spruce
were
adjacent
to
each
other
in
pine and
each
tratment.
Mycorrhiza formation was examined in 30 - 50
seedlings from
each
formation
plot.
The
intensity
of
mycorrhiza
was
estimated on a graded scale: 1 - mycorrhizal infection of up to 25%
of all short roots of seedling, 2 - up to 50%,
3 - over 50% (Schubin, 1973). Results and discussion The results of
our
reserach
revealed
no correlation
between the lime rate applied and the intensity of mycorrhiza formation both of pine highest
mycorrhiza
and
spruce
infection
was
from the plot with lime rate 0.5 t/ha one
with
4
t/ha
sandy
soil. The
in pine roots
(pH 4.5),
the lowest
rate (pH 6.3). Ectomycorrhizae, however,
developed successfully with (Fig. I).
in
observed
even
Bifurcated mycorrhizae
higher
application rates
were absent on plots with
i0 and 14 t/ha (pH 7.4 - 7.5) but on plots receving higher rates
(20 and
25 t/ha,
seedlings had dichotomous of high
lime doses
pH 7.5
branching.
and an
- 7.8) Thus
lime at
92% of pine
the application
increase of pH of soil from 4.3
(control) to 7.8 (25 t/ha) does not rule out the possibility of
mycorrhiza
formation
degree of
mycorrhiza
roots are
probably rather
of
seedlings. Differences in the
infection
and
branching
of short
due to the initial background of
fungal flora of the plots than to the lime rate applied.
461
SY
8~ FII
I
I
~'~ ~
-
J
4
[tl~)
R 2"
D1
I,
4 Fig. i.
pH b
7
8~
Mycorrhiza infection and dry weight of above-ground parts of one year
old pine (I) and spruce (II) seedlings in limed sandy soll.
References Eremeeva,
L. V.: Vliyanie pH sredy na rost m i k o r i z n y k h
saprofitnykh gribov. lesoobrazuyushchikh p. 45-64, 1980.
In: M i k o r i z n ye
griby i m i k o r i z y
porod Severa. Pettrozavodsk,
i
462
Clement, A., Garbaye, J., Le Tacon, F.: Importance des ectomycorrhizes dans la resistance au calcaire du Pin noir (Pinus nigra Arn. spp. nigricans Host). Oecol. Plant. 12: 111-131,-1977. Lobanov, N.
V.: Mikotrofnost drevesnykh rastenii. Moskva,
1953. Mikola, P.: Studies on the ectendotrophic mycorrhiza in pine forests
with spruce
undergrowth. Ann.
Bot. Fenn.
3: 406-409, 1966. Mirchnik, T. G.: 0 gribakh, vyzyvayushchikh toksichonst dernovopodzolistoi pochvy turennosti. Mikrobiol.
razlichnoi stepeni okul'-
26: 78, 1957.
Richards, B. N.: Mycorrhiza development of loblolly pine seedlings in
relation to soil reaction and the supply
of nitrate. Plant Soil, 22: 187-199, 1965. Shemakhanova, N. M.: Mikotrofiya drevesnykh porod.
Moskva,
1962. Shubin, V.
I.: Mikotrofnost drevesnykh porod i e e
znachenie
pri razvedenii lesa v taezhnoi zone. Leningrad,
1982.
Semjonova, L., 1989: Effect of liming on mycorrhiza formation in Pinus svlvestris and picea ables. Agric., Ecosystems Environ., 28: 459-462.