Effects of Bacitracin Methylene Disalicylate in Combination with Monensin on Weight Gain and Feed Utilization of Turkeys1

Q1w3Applied Poultry Scicnfe, Inc

EFFECTS OF BACITRACIN METHYLENE DISALICYLATE IN COMBINATION WITH MONENSIN ON WEIGHT GAINAND FEED UTILIZATION OF TURKEYS'

Primary Audience: Nutritionists, Production Managers, Veterinarians

these products in turkeys grown to market DESCRIPTION OF PROBLEM weights. The objective of this report was to Several antibioticsare approved for use in turkey diets. Bacitracin, in the form of either zinc bacitracin (ZB) or bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD) has been reported to improve weight gain and feed utilization in turkeys [l, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1.As well as can be determined from these reports, none were carried out in combination with an anticoccidial compound in the diet. Many were short-term studies in wire pens or cages and, therefore, may be of little help in assessing the value of

examine the response of male and female turkeys to bacitracin methylene disalicylate in combination with the anticoccidial compound monensin when fed to market weights. The turkeys were grown in litter-floor pens under conditions simulating commercial conditions.

MATERIALS AND METHODS Poults of a commercialLarge White strain [SI were obtained from a local hatchery and distributed randomly by sex into thirty-two

Published with approval of the Director, Arkansas AgriculturalExperiment Station. To whom correspondence should be addressed 3 Present Address: Charoen Pokphand Group, 14thFloor,C.P. Tower, 313Silom Road, Bangrak, Bangkok 1500,Thailand. 1 2

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PARK W! WALDROU$, MARIO C. CABEL3,and MICAH H. ADAMS Depamnent of Poultry Science, UniversityOfArkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 Phone: (501) 575-2065 F M : (501) 575-3026

Research Report 269

WALDROUPetal.

INGREDIENT

Mwks

Yellow corn

4-8-

455.58

I

Blended fat Fish meal analog (60% CP)"

1

I

20.41

fans, and automatic curtains. An evaporative cooling system maintained normal temperature and ventilation, Poults were brooded at 90°F at floor level for the first 7 days with the minimum temperature reduced 5 degrees each week to 70".Incandescent lights supplemented natural daylight to provide 23 hr of light daily (0100 to 2400). Historically, turkeys grown in the research facility where the present research was conducted suffer from coccidial infection if not given an anticoccidial medication; therefore, no m e d i c a t e d control group was included in the study. ' b o test diets were prepared from aliquots of a large mix of each diet for the appropriate age period. The treatments consisted oE 1) monensin [lo] at 90 g/ton; 2) monensin at 90 g/ton plus BMD [ll] at 50 g/ton. The basal diet was formulated to meet or exceed National Research Council [9]

I

50.00

8-12Wks

531.97

I

15.15

I

12-16Wks

602.27

I

650.92

28.00

I

38.47

50.00

75.00

75.00

16-2OWks 723.02

I

3452 75.00

Dicalcium phosphate

16.60

11.12

4.24

2.52

0.00

Limestone

13.39

10.95

8.31

6.85

5.60

Salt

2.93

250

250

250

250 2.50

Vitamin premixB

5.00

5.00

5.00

5.00

Trace mineral mixC

1.00

0.78

0.00

I

1.00

2.07

1

1.00

DLMethionine (99%)

I

1.00

0.00

I

0.00

1.14

1

0.95

I

0.84

]

0.78

I

0.72

Methionine

+ cystine (%)

I

1.00

"Pro-Pak, H. J. Baker & Bro., New York,NY 10017. l

BProvidesper kilogram of diet: vitamin A, 6,600IU; cholecalciferol,2,200 ICU; vitamin E, 6.6 IU; vitamjn Biz, 0.01

I mg; riboflavin, 5 5 mg,niacin, 33 mg; d-pantothenicacid, 8.8 mg; choline,500 mg, menadione, 3.3 mg; folacin,0.66 mg,

thiamin, 1.1 mg; pyridoxine, 1.1 mg; d-biotin, 0.11 mg; Se, 0.01 m g ethoxyquin, 125 mg.

'Provides per kilogram of diet: Mn, 100 mg;Zn, 100 mg; Fe, 100 mg, Cu, 10 mg; I, 1 mg.

I

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pens so that sixteen pens contained 18 males and sixteen pens contained 22 females. Birds that died or were culled during the first 7 days were replaced with hatchmates fed the same experimental diet. Poults were housed in a conventional steel-truss building with insulated roof and side walls and a three-foot curtain on each side. Pens were 56 ft2 and equipped with an automatic water fountain and two hanging feeders for the first 8 weeks and one floor-type feeder for the remainder of the study. Each pen was equippedwith a thermostaticallycontrolled gas brooder. Plastic feeder lids and water jars were used for the first 7 days for supplemental feed and water. New softwood shavings (4") were placed in each pen after cleaning and sanitizing the house. Temperature and air flow were regulated with thermostaticallycontrolled gas brooders,

BACITRACIN FOR TURKEYS

270

Data were subjected to analysis of variance using the General Linear Models procedure of the Statistical Analysis System [12]. All percentage data were transformed to arc sine percentage prior to statistical analysis.

RESULTSAND DISCUSSION The performance of turkeys fed diets supplemented with BMD plus monensin vs. those fed diets supplemented only with monensin appears in Table 2. The body weight of both male and female turkeys at both 70 days of age and at the final weighiig (101 days for females and 115 days for males) was significantly (Pc.01) improved by addition of BMD to diets containing monensin. Feed utilization of both males and females at 70 days of age and of females at 101 days also significantly improved with the addition of BMD to the diets containingmonensin.Feed utilization of males at 115 days was improved by the addition of BMD to diets containing monensin; however, differences were not statistically significant (P > .OS). There were no significant differences (P > .05) in mortality or percentage of culled turkeys related to dietary treatment. The results of the present study are in general agreementwith previous research. Although a number of studies have been re-

Percentage dead, males

05519

4.17

2.78

1.61

Percentage dead, females

05103

1.14

1.70

0.59

Percentage culls, males

0.2813

11.11

6.94

2.63

Percentage culls, females

0.6437

9.09

7.95

1.70

Percentage dead and culls, males

0.2429

15.28

9.72

3.22

Percentage dead and culls, females

0.8189

10.23

9.65

1.72

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recommendations (Table 1). Samples from each mixed feed were submitted to a commercial laboratory for analysis of monensin and BMD; analyses indicated that all mixtures contained appropriate levels. A randomized block design was used with eight replicate pens for each sex. Blocks were quadrants of pens in each end of a house divided by a feed room. Tivo adjacent pens in each block were randomly assigned to each dietary treatment. Males and females were placed in the two adjacent pens assigned to each dietary treatment. Body weights of individual birds were taken, with one intermediate weighing at 70 days of age for both sexes. Birds were again weighed and the study terminated when the birds reached weights considered normal for commercial practice (approximately 26 pounds for toms and 16 for hens). Final weights for females were taken at 101 days of age and final weights for males at 115 days of age, Feed consumption by pen was obtained at 4-wk feed-change intervals. Feed efficiency was adjusted for mortality by adding the weight of the dead birds to the total pen weight. None of the drugs were withdrawn prior to final weighing; however, monensin was withdrawn three days prior to marketing.

Research Report 271

WALDROUP et al.

weight response in a cool (7°C) environment, but in a warm (27°C) environment the same antibiotic supplements only maintained the body weight differential observed at 8 weeks. Spencer and Waldroup [Ireported positive responses in body weight and feed utilization from feeding various combinations of BMD to male and female Large White turkeys grown to 147 and 112 days, respectively. In contrast to these positive responses, Waldroup and Reese [16] reported that the addition of up to 55 mgkg BMD to the diet of Large White turkeys had no significant effect on body weight or feed utilization of females fed to 119 days or males fed to 147 days of age. Because turkeys grown in this research facility have historically suffered from coccidiosis if not offered an anticoccidial, no unmedicated control turkeys were included in this study. However, commercial turkey producers routinely include an anticoccidial compound in their diets as in this study. In comparison to other commercially available anticoccidial compounds approved for use in turkey diets, monensin supported equal or superior growth and feed utilization [17,18].

CONCLUSIONS AND APPLICATIONS 1. Continuous supplementation of BMD at 50 @tonsigntficantlyimproved the growth rate of both male and female turkeys fed diets supplemented with 90 @ton of monensin. 2. The addition of BMD significantlyimproved feed utilization of both sexes at 70 days of age and of females at 101 days. 3. There were no effects of BMD on the number of birds that died or were culled during the study.

REFERENCES AND NOTES 1. Chang, C.H. andP.E Waibd, 1970. Efficacyof zinc bacitracin and sources of unidentifiedgrowth factorswith corn-soybean meal type diet for turkeypoults. PoultrySci. 49:733-743.

bacitracin in diets of turkey poults. Poultry Sci. 5716871698.

2. Poller, LM., J.R Sheldon, and M. Kelly, 1971. Effects of zinc bacitracin, dried bakery product and different fish meals in diets of young turkeys. Poultry Sci. 50:1109-1115. 3. Potter, LM., J.R Sheldon, and LG. Melton, 1974. Zinc bacitracin and added fat in diets of growing turkeys. Poultxy Sci. 532072-2081.

turkey nutrition. Poultry Sci. 61:962976. 7. Spencer, G.K. and P.W. Waldroup, 1984. The use of bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD) and flavomycin in diets of growing turkeys. Mimeo Series 317, University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Fayetteville, AR

4. Poller, LM., J . R Sheldon, and EE Pierson, 1977. Menhaden fish meal, dried fish solubles, methionine and zinc bacitracin in diets of young turkeys. Poultry Sci. 56:1189-1200.

5. Francis, C., D.M. Janky, AS. h f 4 and RH. Harms, 1978. InterrelationshipsofLactobacillusand zinc

6. Daghighian, P. and P.E Waibel, 1982. The efficacy of bacitracin methylene disalicylate and zinc bacitracin in

8. Nicholas Poultry Breeding Farms, Sonoma, CA 95476. 9. National Research Council, 1984. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 8th revised edition. National Academy Press, Washington, DC. 10. Coban, Elanco Products Co.,Division of Eli Lilly & Co.,Indianapolis, IN 46285.

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ported regarding the response of growing turkeys to bacitracin supplementation, many of these have utilized the zinc salt of bacitracin [l,2,3,4,6, 13,141. In two trials conducted to 3 wks of age, Buresh et al. [151 examined the response of turkey poults to BMD in diets with and without supplemental (adequate) methionine. The addition of 55 m a g BMD to methionine-deficient diets gave no response in either study;in one of the two studiesthere was a significant improvement in body weight and feed utilization when BMD was added to the MET-adequate diet. Daghighian and Waibel [6] conducted three trials in which turkeys were grown to market weights on diets containing BMD. In the first trial, 55 mgkg of BMD elicited a si&icant growth response. The second trial, 55 mg/kg of BMD to 8 wks of age followed by 22 mgkg to market age, yielded 3.7 to 3.8% growth response at 8 wks and market age, respectively. In the third trial, growth responses of 10 to 12% were obtained by feeding 55 mgkg from day old to 8 wks of age. Continued feeding of the antibiotic at 22 mgkg from 8 to 20 wks supported an increasing body

272 11.BMD, A. L. Laboratories, Inc., Ft. Lee, NJ 07024. 12. SAS Instltute, 1982. SAS User's Guide: Statistics. SAS Institute, Cary, NC. 13.Potter, LM. and J.R Sheldon, 1978. Evaluation of hydrolyzed feather meal and zinc bacitracin supplements of various purities in diets of young turkeys. Poultry S i . 57947-953. 14. Pierson, EE, LM. Potter, and J.R Sheldon, 1979. Response from menhaden fish meal in diets of young turkeys. Poultry Sci. 58616625 15. Bluesh, R E , RH. Harms, and RD. Milcs, 1986. A differential response in turkey poults to various antibiotics in diets designed to be deficient or adequate in certain essential nutrients. Poultry Sci. 6523162317.

BACITRACIN FOR TURKEYS 16.Waldroup, P.W. and G.L Reese, 1983. Evaluation of Histostat and Bacitracin-MD in the diet of growing turkeys. Mimeo Series 302, University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Fayetteville, AR. 17. Cabel, M.C. and P.W. Waldroup, 1991. Effects of different coccidiostats on performance of Large White turkeys. Poultly Ssi. 70.241-249. 18. Cabel, M.C,R k Norton, T.A.Yazwinski, and P.W. Wddroup, 1991.Efficacy of different anticoccidials apinst experimental coccidiosis in Large white turkeys. Poultry Sei. 70989-292. 19. This study was su orted by a grant from A. L. Laboratories, Fort Lee, 807024. Downloaded from http://japr.oxfordjournals.org/ at North Dakota State University on May 25, 2015