- Email: [email protected]
Efficacy of Extrinsic Stain Removal by Novel Dentifrice Containing Papain and Bromelain Extracts
Pharmacology
(I¿FDF\RI([WULQVLF6WDLQ5HPRYDOE\1RYHO'HQWLIULFH&RQWDLQLQJ Papain and Bromelain Extracts Chakravarthy PK, Acharya S Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India Address for correspondence: Dr. P. Kalyana Chakravarthy, E-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT 7RHYDOXDWHWKHVWDLQUHPRYDOHI¿FDF\RIDQRYHOGHQWLIULFHFRQWDLQLQJSDSDLQDQGEURPHODLQH[WUDFWV *ORGHQW LQFRPSDULVRQZLWKDFRQWUROGHQWLIULFH &ROJDWHUHJXODU 7KLVZDVDUDQGRPL]HGSRVLWLYHFRQWUROOHGGRXEOH blinded, clinical study. Subjects were randomly divided into one of the two study groups. Pre-treatment and SRVWWUHDWPHQWSKRWRJUDSKVRIWKHDQWHULRUWHHWKZHUHUHFRUGHGXQGHUVWDQGDUGL]HGFRQGLWLRQVDQGDQDO\]HG for lightness or luminosity values using Adobe Photoshop. The difference between the mean pre-treatment OXPLQRVLW\RIWHVWDQGFRQWUROJURXSVZDVQRWVWDWLVWLFDOO\VLJQL¿FDQW,QERWKWHVWDQGFRQWUROJURXSVWKH SRVWWUHDWPHQWOXPLQRVLW\ZDVVLJQL¿FDQWO\KLJKHUWKDQSUHWUHDWPHQWOXPLQRVLW\ P < 0.001 and P = 0.003 UHVSHFWLYHO\ 7KHPHDQSRVWWUHDWPHQWOXPLQRVLW\IRUWHVWJURXSZDVIRXQGWREHVLJQL¿FDQWO\KLJKHUWKDQ FRQWUROJURXS7KHPHDQSHUFHQWDJHUHPRYDORIVWDLQVIRUWHVWJURXSZDVVLJQL¿FDQWO\KLJKHUWKDQFRQWURO JURXS7KHWHVWGHQWLIULFHVKRZHGVLJQL¿FDQWVWDLQUHPRYDOZKHQFRPSDUHGWRFRQWUROZKLFKFRXOGEHDWWULEXWHG WRWKHUROHRISURWHRO\WLFHQ]\PHVLQWKHWHVWGHQWLIULFH Key words:%URPHODLQH[WULQVLFVWDLQVLPDJHDQDO\VLVSDSDLQSURWHRO\WLFHQ]\PHVVWDLQUHPRYDO
INTRODUCTION
7HHWKFRORULVDFRPELQDWLRQRI LQWULQVLFFRORURI WKHWHHWK and the presence of extrinsic stains that might accumulate on the tooth surface.>@ ([WULQVLF VWDLQV DUH OLQNHG ZLWK the adsorption of materials into the acquired pellicle on the enamel surface.>@ )DFWRUV LQÁXHQFLQJ H[WULQVLF VWDLQ IRUPDWLRQLQFOXGHSRRUWRRWKEUXVKLQJWHFKQLTXHVPRNLQJ Access this article online Quick Response Code: Website: www.jyoungpharm.in
DOI: 10.4103/0975-1483.104368
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Journal of Young Pharmacists Vol 4 / No 4
245
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ZD\V,WFDQEHE\EOHDFKLQJRI WKHWHHWKRUE\DGGLWLRQ RI VSHFLÀFDEUDVLYHVRUFKHPLFDODJHQWVWRWRRWKSDVWHIRU the removal and control of extrinsic stain. Abrasives have EHHQ VKRZQ WR HIIHFWLYHO\ UHPRYH H[WULQVLF VWDLQV DORQJ ZLWKIRRGGHEULVDQGSODTXHDQGDOVRKHOSLQSUHYHQWLQJ extrinsic teeth stains from reforming.>@ 7RRWKSDVWHDEUDVLRQRI GHQWDOKDUGWLVVXHVLVDQLPSRUWDQW IDFWRULQWHUPVRI LWVWUDGHRII ZLWKFOHDQLQJHIÀFDF\GXULQJ WKHIRUPXODWLRQRI ZKLWHQLQJWRRWKSDVWHV+HQFHZKLWHQLQJ WRRWKSDVWHVFRQWDLQDGGLWLRQDOFKHPLFDODJHQWVZKLFKDXJPHQW WKHDEUDVLYHFOHDQLQJE\DLGLQJWKHUHPRYDODQGRUSUHYHQWLRQ RI H[WULQVLFVWDLQV0DQ\VXEVWDQFHVOLNHVXUIDFWDQWVSHUR[LGHV HQ]\PHV FLWUDWH S\URSKRVSKDWHV DQG KH[DPHWDSKRVSKDWH ZHUHVWXGLHGSUHYLRXVO\IRUWKHLUVWDLQUHPRYDOHIÀFDF\>@ 6LQFH H[WULQVLF VWDLQV DUH SULPDULO\ LQFRUSRUDWHG LQWR WKH SHOOLFOHLWLVSRVVLEOHWKDWHQ]\PHVVXFKDVSURWHDVHVFRXOG KHOSGHJUDGHWKHVWDLQHGÀOPVDQGSRWHQWLDWHWKHLUUHPRYDO (DUO\FOLQLFDOHYLGHQFHGHPRQVWUDWHGWKDWDKLJKO\SURWHRO\WLF PL[WXUH RI HQ]\PHV RI IXQJDO RULJLQ IRUPXODWHG LQWR WRRWKSDVWHZHUHHIIHFWLYHDWUHGXFLQJH[WULQVLFVWDLQOHYHOVDV FRPSDUHGWRDQHJDWLYHFRQWUROWRRWKSDVWHDIWHUPRQWKVRI use.>@&OLQLFDOVWXGLHVKDYHGHPRQVWUDWHGWKHVWDLQUHPRYDO HIÀFDF\RI GHQWLIULFHFRQWDLQLQJSDSDLQDOXPLQDDQGVRGLXP citrate.> @5HFHQWO\DQin vitroVWXG\UHSRUWHGWKDWDSDSDLQDQG EURPHODLQ SURWHRO\WLF HQ]\PHV FRQWDLQLQJ GHQWLIULFH ZDV more effective in removing stains than the control dentifrice.>@ 7KH PHWKRGV XVHG WR PHDVXUH H[WULQVLF VWDLQ OHYHOV LQ FOLQLFDOVWXGLHVLQFOXGHVXEMHFWLYHFOLQLFLDQGHWHUPLQDWLRQV EDVHG RQ LQGLFHV DQG REMHFWLYH LQVWUXPHQWDO PHWKRGV 7KHREMHFWLYHLQVWUXPHQWDOPHWKRGVXVHGLQWKHSDVWZHUH 9LWDVKDGHJXLGHV>@ colorimeters,>@DQGLPDJHDQDO\VLVRI digital photographs of teeth.>@'LJLWDOLPDJHDQDO\VLVFDQ EH XWLOL]HG IRU DVVHVVLQJ VWDLQV DQG RYHUFRPHV VRPH RI WKHSUREOHPVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKVRPHRI WKHVXEMHFWLYHDQG instrumental approaches.>@ +HQFHWKHSUHVHQWVWXG\DLPHGWRHYDOXDWHWKHVWDLQUHPRYDO HIILFDF\ RI D QRYHO FRPPHUFLDOO\ DYDLODEOH GHQWLIULFH FRQWDLQLQJ SDSDLQ DQG EURPHODLQ *ORGHQW *URXS 3KDUPDFHXWLFDOV/WG0XPEDL,QGLD LQFRPSDULVRQZLWK D FRQWURO GHQWLIULFH &ROJDWH 5HJXODU &ROJDWH 3DOPROLYH ,QGLD/WG0XPEDL,QGLD XVLQJDFXVWRPL]HGGLJLWDOLPDJH DQDO\VLVV\VWHP MATERIALS AND METHODS
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N
Test group (Glodent) Control Group (Colgate regular) P-value
12 11
Pre-treatment luminosity Mean±SD 157.95±16.93 143.82±17.48 0.062‡
Post-treatment P-value luminosity Mean±SD 170.76±14.14 <0.001† 147.81±16.47 0.003† 0.002‡
P-value for paired t-test, P-value for independent sample t-test
†
‡
Table 2: Mean percent removal of stains among test and control groups Percent removal of stains
Test group (Glodent) Mean±SD 8.44±4.83
Control Group (Colgate regular) Mean±SD 2.92±2.89
P-value
0.004
Figure 4: Pre-treatment and post-treatment photographs of subjects Journal of Young Pharmacists Vol 4 / No 4
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(I¿FDF\RI([WULQVLF6WDLQ5HPRYDOE\1RYHO'HQWLIULFH&RQWDLQLQJ Papain and Bromelain Extracts Chakravarthy PK, Acharya S Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India Address for correspondence: Dr. P. Kalyana Chakravarthy, E-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT 7RHYDOXDWHWKHVWDLQUHPRYDOHI¿FDF\RIDQRYHOGHQWLIULFHFRQWDLQLQJSDSDLQDQGEURPHODLQH[WUDFWV *ORGHQW LQFRPSDULVRQZLWKDFRQWUROGHQWLIULFH &ROJDWHUHJXODU 7KLVZDVDUDQGRPL]HGSRVLWLYHFRQWUROOHGGRXEOH blinded, clinical study. Subjects were randomly divided into one of the two study groups. Pre-treatment and SRVWWUHDWPHQWSKRWRJUDSKVRIWKHDQWHULRUWHHWKZHUHUHFRUGHGXQGHUVWDQGDUGL]HGFRQGLWLRQVDQGDQDO\]HG for lightness or luminosity values using Adobe Photoshop. The difference between the mean pre-treatment OXPLQRVLW\RIWHVWDQGFRQWUROJURXSVZDVQRWVWDWLVWLFDOO\VLJQL¿FDQW,QERWKWHVWDQGFRQWUROJURXSVWKH SRVWWUHDWPHQWOXPLQRVLW\ZDVVLJQL¿FDQWO\KLJKHUWKDQSUHWUHDWPHQWOXPLQRVLW\ P < 0.001 and P = 0.003 UHVSHFWLYHO\ 7KHPHDQSRVWWUHDWPHQWOXPLQRVLW\IRUWHVWJURXSZDVIRXQGWREHVLJQL¿FDQWO\KLJKHUWKDQ FRQWUROJURXS7KHPHDQSHUFHQWDJHUHPRYDORIVWDLQVIRUWHVWJURXSZDVVLJQL¿FDQWO\KLJKHUWKDQFRQWURO JURXS7KHWHVWGHQWLIULFHVKRZHGVLJQL¿FDQWVWDLQUHPRYDOZKHQFRPSDUHGWRFRQWUROZKLFKFRXOGEHDWWULEXWHG WRWKHUROHRISURWHRO\WLFHQ]\PHVLQWKHWHVWGHQWLIULFH Key words:%URPHODLQH[WULQVLFVWDLQVLPDJHDQDO\VLVSDSDLQSURWHRO\WLFHQ]\PHVVWDLQUHPRYDO
INTRODUCTION
7HHWKFRORULVDFRPELQDWLRQRI LQWULQVLFFRORURI WKHWHHWK and the presence of extrinsic stains that might accumulate on the tooth surface.>@ ([WULQVLF VWDLQV DUH OLQNHG ZLWK the adsorption of materials into the acquired pellicle on the enamel surface.>@ )DFWRUV LQÁXHQFLQJ H[WULQVLF VWDLQ IRUPDWLRQLQFOXGHSRRUWRRWKEUXVKLQJWHFKQLTXHVPRNLQJ Access this article online Quick Response Code: Website: www.jyoungpharm.in
DOI: 10.4103/0975-1483.104368
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ZD\V,WFDQEHE\EOHDFKLQJRI WKHWHHWKRUE\DGGLWLRQ RI VSHFLÀFDEUDVLYHVRUFKHPLFDODJHQWVWRWRRWKSDVWHIRU the removal and control of extrinsic stain. Abrasives have EHHQ VKRZQ WR HIIHFWLYHO\ UHPRYH H[WULQVLF VWDLQV DORQJ ZLWKIRRGGHEULVDQGSODTXHDQGDOVRKHOSLQSUHYHQWLQJ extrinsic teeth stains from reforming.>@ 7RRWKSDVWHDEUDVLRQRI GHQWDOKDUGWLVVXHVLVDQLPSRUWDQW IDFWRULQWHUPVRI LWVWUDGHRII ZLWKFOHDQLQJHIÀFDF\GXULQJ WKHIRUPXODWLRQRI ZKLWHQLQJWRRWKSDVWHV+HQFHZKLWHQLQJ WRRWKSDVWHVFRQWDLQDGGLWLRQDOFKHPLFDODJHQWVZKLFKDXJPHQW WKHDEUDVLYHFOHDQLQJE\DLGLQJWKHUHPRYDODQGRUSUHYHQWLRQ RI H[WULQVLFVWDLQV0DQ\VXEVWDQFHVOLNHVXUIDFWDQWVSHUR[LGHV HQ]\PHV FLWUDWH S\URSKRVSKDWHV DQG KH[DPHWDSKRVSKDWH ZHUHVWXGLHGSUHYLRXVO\IRUWKHLUVWDLQUHPRYDOHIÀFDF\>@ 6LQFH H[WULQVLF VWDLQV DUH SULPDULO\ LQFRUSRUDWHG LQWR WKH SHOOLFOHLWLVSRVVLEOHWKDWHQ]\PHVVXFKDVSURWHDVHVFRXOG KHOSGHJUDGHWKHVWDLQHGÀOPVDQGSRWHQWLDWHWKHLUUHPRYDO (DUO\FOLQLFDOHYLGHQFHGHPRQVWUDWHGWKDWDKLJKO\SURWHRO\WLF PL[WXUH RI HQ]\PHV RI IXQJDO RULJLQ IRUPXODWHG LQWR WRRWKSDVWHZHUHHIIHFWLYHDWUHGXFLQJH[WULQVLFVWDLQOHYHOVDV FRPSDUHGWRDQHJDWLYHFRQWUROWRRWKSDVWHDIWHUPRQWKVRI use.>@&OLQLFDOVWXGLHVKDYHGHPRQVWUDWHGWKHVWDLQUHPRYDO HIÀFDF\RI GHQWLIULFHFRQWDLQLQJSDSDLQDOXPLQDDQGVRGLXP citrate.> @5HFHQWO\DQin vitroVWXG\UHSRUWHGWKDWDSDSDLQDQG EURPHODLQ SURWHRO\WLF HQ]\PHV FRQWDLQLQJ GHQWLIULFH ZDV more effective in removing stains than the control dentifrice.>@ 7KH PHWKRGV XVHG WR PHDVXUH H[WULQVLF VWDLQ OHYHOV LQ FOLQLFDOVWXGLHVLQFOXGHVXEMHFWLYHFOLQLFLDQGHWHUPLQDWLRQV EDVHG RQ LQGLFHV DQG REMHFWLYH LQVWUXPHQWDO PHWKRGV 7KHREMHFWLYHLQVWUXPHQWDOPHWKRGVXVHGLQWKHSDVWZHUH 9LWDVKDGHJXLGHV>@ colorimeters,>@DQGLPDJHDQDO\VLVRI digital photographs of teeth.>@'LJLWDOLPDJHDQDO\VLVFDQ EH XWLOL]HG IRU DVVHVVLQJ VWDLQV DQG RYHUFRPHV VRPH RI WKHSUREOHPVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKVRPHRI WKHVXEMHFWLYHDQG instrumental approaches.>@ +HQFHWKHSUHVHQWVWXG\DLPHGWRHYDOXDWHWKHVWDLQUHPRYDO HIILFDF\ RI D QRYHO FRPPHUFLDOO\ DYDLODEOH GHQWLIULFH FRQWDLQLQJ SDSDLQ DQG EURPHODLQ *ORGHQW *URXS 3KDUPDFHXWLFDOV/WG0XPEDL,QGLD LQFRPSDULVRQZLWK D FRQWURO GHQWLIULFH &ROJDWH 5HJXODU &ROJDWH 3DOPROLYH ,QGLD/WG0XPEDL,QGLD XVLQJDFXVWRPL]HGGLJLWDOLPDJH DQDO\VLVV\VWHP MATERIALS AND METHODS
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7KH FXUUHQW VWXG\ HYDOXDWHG WKH FOLQLFDO VWDLQ UHPRYDO HIILFDF\ RI D QRYHO GHQWLIULFH FRQWDLQLQJ SDSDLQ DQG EURPHODLQ LQ FRPSDULVRQ ZLWK D FRQWURO GHQWLIULFH ,Q WKLVVWXG\DQHFRQRPLFDODQGSRUWDEOHFXVWRPL]HGGLJLWDO LPDJHDQDO\VLVV\VWHPZDVGHYHORSHGDQGXVHGWRHYDOXDWH stain removal. A number of studies have reported the use of clinical indices IRUVWDLQHYDOXDWLRQ7KHVHLQGLFHVDUHTXLFNDQGHDV\WRXVH EXW WKH\ IDFH UHOLDELOLW\ LVVXHV EHFDXVH RI WKHLU VXEMHFWLYH QDWXUH 7R RYHUFRPH VXFK SUREOHPV LPDJH DQDO\VLV KDV EHHQXVHGDVDQREMHFWLYHPHWKRGLQWKHSDVWWRDVVHVVVWDLQ build up in vitroRQDFU\OLFDQGHQDPHOVODEV>@,WZDVDOVR VKRZQWREHDQHIIHFWLYHWRROIRUDVVHVVLQJSODTXH>@ and stains>@FOLQLFDOO\+RZHYHUWKHPHWKRGRORJ\XVHGLQWKLV VWXG\ZDVGLIIHUHQWDOWKRXJKWKHXQGHUO\LQJFRQVWUXFWIRU FRORUDVVHVVPHQWZDVVDPH ,PDJH DQDO\VLV LV YHU\ VHQVLWLYH HYHQ IRU PLQRU FKDQJHV LQVWDLQUHPRYDO7KLVPLJKWIDFLOLWDWHLQUHGXFWLRQRI WKH 7DEOH &RPSDULVRQRIOXPLQRVLW\YDOXHVDPRQJWHVW and control groups Group
N
Test group (Glodent) Control Group (Colgate regular) P-value
12 11
Pre-treatment luminosity Mean±SD 157.95±16.93 143.82±17.48 0.062‡
Post-treatment P-value luminosity Mean±SD 170.76±14.14 <0.001† 147.81±16.47 0.003† 0.002‡
P-value for paired t-test, P-value for independent sample t-test
†
‡
Table 2: Mean percent removal of stains among test and control groups Percent removal of stains
Test group (Glodent) Mean±SD 8.44±4.83
Control Group (Colgate regular) Mean±SD 2.92±2.89
P-value
0.004
Figure 4: Pre-treatment and post-treatment photographs of subjects Journal of Young Pharmacists Vol 4 / No 4
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EHFDXVH RI SDSDLQ DQG EURPHODLQ EHLQJ SURWHRO\WLF LQ QDWXUH2YHUDOORXUVWXG\FDQEHFRQVLGHUHGDVDSLORWVWXG\ to evaluate the stain removal of this novel dentifrice and a IHDVLELOLW\VWXG\RI GLJLWDOLPDJHDQDO\VLVLQWKHDVVHVVPHQW RI VWDLQV7KHUHVXOWVRI WKLVVWXG\FDQEHXVHIXOWRSODQ WKHQHHGHGFOLQLFDOWULDOVZLWKODUJHQXPEHURI SDUWLFLSDQWV REFERENCES
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