- Email: [email protected]
EGYPT.
PARIS.—EGYPT.
1593
29th ult. in the Hardwicke Fever Hospital, and four others in the North Workhouse Hospital, which latter were also placed in the Hardwicke Hospital. Their clothing and bedding
the once vaccinated of this class the mortality was identical with that prevailing amongst the unvaccinated, proving that the immunity formerly conferred by the operation had Between twenty and fifty years of age were placed on a grass plot in front of the ward, and being become exhausted. saturated with naphtha were destroyed by fire. The clothes of the proportion of patients vaccinated but not revaccinated the patient at the Fever Hospital were conveyed in a closed becomes greater ; they constitute rather more than fourbox to the disinfecting chamber and burnt. The most minute fifths of the total. Their mortality is less than that obtain;and precise directions were then given to the officers with ing amongst the totally unvaccinated, but it attains to regard to the measures of precaution to be adopted in order thrice that of the once vaccinated patients of the previous to arrest the spread of the disease. The next day Mr. Staf- class (from ten to twenty years). Again, the revaccinated ford, Local Government Board inspector, visited the hospital variolous cases become more frequent and their mortality is and workhouse with Sir C. Cameron, and also on Saturday, increased. Above the age of fifty years the mortality of the and advised with the officials as to the precautions to be non-vaccinated is at its maximum ; in other words, an taken. On June lst, Wardmaster O’Brien was found to be unvaccinated person who congratulates himself on having affected with small-pox, and an inmate named Bulger was attained an advanced age without having contracted .attacked on the following day. No further cases have small-pox, and is convinced of his permanent immunity, occurred up to the present. There seems to have been may be lulling himself into a false security. If anti-vacci.three sources of infection in this outbreak. The two first nationists ever consult figures drawn up with strict imcases came into the hospital from different places, and partiality as the above have been, I hope they will in their own they could not have infected the workhouse residents, interests do me the honour of digesting the information given who sickened simultaneously, or nearly so, with them. in this paragraph. It seems highly probable that the infection was brought The Library of the Academy of Medicine. into the workhouse by casuals who frequently spend a The librarian of the Academy, Dr. Dureau, reports that on night or two in the institution. Owing to the prompt Dec. 31st, 1893, the library under his charge contained measures which have been taken to prevent this outbreak 147,405 volumes (bound and unbound). The number received from extending, it is probable that no further cases of this during 1893 was 8164. The majority of these works were loathsome disease will appear. gifts. Thus in the year 1892-93 the donors included Mesdames Roger and de Villiers, both widows of acadeDublin. University of Drs. Duche, There will be a meeting of the Senate on Wednesday, the micians ; Dr. Bergeron, Baron Larrey, 20th inst., to consider graces for honorary degrees which will Feulhard, Laboulbene (Professor of the History of MediThe be submitted by the Provost and Senior Fellows, and also a cine at the Faculty), Lermoyez, and Marjolin. member gave no less than 4069 works. meeting of the Senate on the 28th inst. for the purpose of latter well-known Among the curiosities of the collection there are 6000 prints conferring degrees. and portraits of distinguished practitioners of the healing Charitable Bequests. of forty art. Five-sixths of these were collected in the By the will of the late Mr. Matthew Honan, of Cork, a years by a country practitioner, M. Munaret. space on the While sum of £1000 has been bequeathed to the Cancer Hospital, of the Academy of Medicine, it is surprising that the subject Wellington-road ; and 1000 to the North Infirmary, Cork. profession in France can put up with such a mean local. Mr. Honan has also left £25,000 to erect an institution to be Some years ago I announced in these columns the gift to the called Honan’s Hospital." Academy by a lady of her mansion, and the early removal of the learned body to the new and more appropriate premises Gorey Union. Dr. Weldon has been appointed medical officer to Gorey was anticipated. But they still continue deliberations in the Workhouse. A vacancy consequent on Dr. Weldon’s appoint- Rue des Saints-Peres, which street is rendered none the ment is the Gorey dispensary, for which Dr. J. S. Owens, of gayer by the dingy pillowed frontage of the Academy Enniscorthy, is a candidate. Transfusian of Blood in its Legal Aspects. Transfusion June, 19th. gspeets. A gentleman named Lefevre being sick unto death, transfusion of blood was had recourse to, and the patient’s gardener PARIS. volunteered to supply the vital fluid. The offer was accepted. Some time afterwards the gardener fell ill in his turn, and (FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.) the worthy delver attributing his illness to his act of generosity towards his master, claimed 60,000 francs damages. Elect?’olysis of Urinary Calculi. Three experts were appointed to examine and report on the M. YvoN has, since the year 1884, been engaged in experibut before the report was forthcoming the man died. ments on the above subject, and he nowI informs us that case, His widow continued the action, and the Civil Tribunal of he has succeeded in dissolving calculi-in vitro only, it is the Seine has delivered judgment in favour of the defendant. true. When the platinum electrodes of a battery are plunged A post-mortem examination of the gardener’s body had into an aqueous solution of sodium sulphate, there are evolved revealed as the cause of death cancer of the stomach. The at the positive pole sulphuric acid and oxygen, metallic court held that even had the transfusion lessened the A further sodium being deposited at the negative pole. of resistance of the man to the ravages of the powers action takes place at this latter pole, caustic soda and disease that caused his death, the fact of his having If a calculus be between hydrogen being produced. placed offered his blood for the benefit of his master the points of the platinum electrodes, themselves plunged in voluntarily the latter from any financial responsibility that absolved sodium sulphate solution, the passage of a current brings be urged against him. .about the gradual hollowing of the stone which dissolves at might June 19th. its point of contact with one of the electrodes. In the case of a simple phosphatic or earthy carbonate calculus, the dissolving electrode is the positive ; a uric acid calculus is EGYPT. ’dissolved at the negative pole. It is evident that, if difficulties OUR OWN obvious to any surgeon could be surmounted, the clinical (FROM CORRESPONDENT.) application of this method would mark a distinct progress in Influenza Epidemics. urinary surgery. THE statistical branch of the Sanitary Department has Vaccination and Revaccination:their Protective Properties. Dr. Layet of Bordeaux furnishes US2 with the results of now, somewhat tardily, brought out a report on the first outhis observation of 2000 cases of small-pox with reference to break of influenza in this country, together with an appendix the ages and the previous vaccinations and revaccinations of on another epidemic of the same disease two years later. But it is now recognised by all that influenza has been the patients. Up to the age of ten years no cases of variola to Egypt for the last five winters by visitors or by were observed in individuals who had been revaccinated. In brought residents returning from Europe. Dr. Engel, the writer of the patients in this age category who had been vaccinated once with his colleagues here in believing that the the mortality was five times less than in the unvaccinated. report, agrees disease is quite distinct from dengue, which has not been here Between the ages of ten and twenty years the disease’was in an epidemic form since the autumn of 1887. The report rare in the revaccinated, but never led to a fatal result. In includes the experience of 105 medical men, most of whom, however, are Egyptians employed in the Government service. June 1894. de 1 Société 13th, Thérapeutique, The sum total of their hospital and private practice represents 2 Académie de Médecine, June 12th.
building.
__
_______________
1594
EGYPT.-MEDICAL
NEWS.
during a whole winter among either visitors or residents.
In among 6000 searchers after health and pleasure are not an appalling number to anyone who knows the recent history of enteric fever in London.
about 6500 influenza patients. Information has also been obtained from 73 schools, consisting of 11,000 pupils, who furnished some 2500 of the patients. Two cases are mentioned of isolated schools where there was not a single pupil attacked. The earliest cases of this pandemic seem to have occurred in November and December, 1889, and in no one winter have patients suffering from influenza been noted after May. It would almost seem as if the dry heat of spring here proved implacably inimical to the bacillus. Moreover, the bronchopneumonic type of influenza flourishes here only in the damp winter months. Spring cases are liable to have the scourge without cough, and perhaps even without fever. In this connexion it may be mentioned that typhus fever patients as seen among the poorest hospital patients invariably get an amount of pneumonia in February and March, which is absent in cases seen a little later in the year; on the other hand, influenza spread in March, 1890, to Annan and Wady Halfa, where the climate is something similar to that of Cairo in April. The disease travelled to Suakim in February, but there are no means of knowing how far it made inroads into the Soudan. The question has been raised in the medical papers as to whether it is possible to have true influenza without fever, and it may therefore be worth noting that of 189 cases seen by private practitioners and by medical officers of the Egyptian Army 11 were reported to have no fever, and 30 had subnormal temperatures, but as 93, or half the cases, had fever lasting only from one to three days it is fair to assume that, in some cases at least, there may have been a little fever before the patient came under the supervision of the medical attendant.
the meantime 6
cases
The Deaconesses’ Victoria The German
Hospital,
as
it is
Hospital. usually called, has recently
been enlarged, and is continuing to do most useful work. A young lady from New York most generously contributed ,g1000, and among other improvements a new operating theatre has been constructed on the modern principles of surgical cleanliness. The greatest number of the patients treated in 1893 were Greeks and Egyptians, besides 53 EDglish and Maltese out of a total of 370 paying inmates. In the contagious block, which was presented to the hospital by the English residents as a Jubilee memorial, 14 cases were treated during the year for small-pox, diphtheria, scarlet fever, and measles among no less than seven nationalities. The out-patient department was attended by 25,172 eye patients and only 1009 ordinary patients. The typhoid fever admissions for the year were 20. Cairo, June.
Medical News. ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS OF ENGLAND.following gentlemen having passed the necessary examinations, and, having conformed to the by-laws and regulaThe
Enteric Feve7- in Cairo. There is often heard much exaggeration about the risks tions, have been admitted Fellows of the College :of typhoid fever for tourists in Cairo. It is no unHamerton, George Albert,M.D. Brux.,L R.C.P. Lond.,St. Thomases Hospital, diploma of Member dated July 23rd, 1874. common thing to meet patients in Egypt who profess to have Clarke, Ernest, M.D. Lond., St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, July 27th been warned by their London consultants that they must not 1880. spend even a single night in Cairo, because of this danger. Cadman, Arthur Wellesley, L.K.Q.C.P.L, Owens College and Royal Infirmary, Manchester, May 15th, 1882. If I assume that there is no desire on the part of interested Howse, Percy William Macdowall, L.R.C P. Lond., London Hospeople to cast aspersions upon one of the most popular pital, Jan. 22nd, 1883. winter resorts, it is difficult to understand how the cases of Green, Charles David, M.D.Lond., St. Thomas’s Hospital, July 20th, 1883. typhoid fever are multiplied unintentionally every year. The Griffith, John, L R.C.P. Lond., St. Mary’s Hospital, Aug. 1st, 1889. army of occupation suffers every year and almost every month Westmacott" Frederic Hibbeit, L. B. C P. Lond., Owens College and from this fever, but it must be remembered that it consists Royal Infirmary, Manchester, Feb. 13th, 1890. in a large part of boys and young men, who, whether Littler, Robert Meredith, L. R.C. P. Lond , Owens College and Royal Infirmary. Manchester, Nov. 13th, 1890. privates or sub-lieutenants, are specially liable to contract the Mahood, Allan Edward, M.B, R.U.L, Queen’s College, Birmingdisease. The private soldiers are here all the summer ; they ham and Dublin, Nov. 13th, 1890 live in barracks which are not drained by ideal sanitation, and Hall, John Moore, M.D., tc.U L, Queen’s College, Belfast, and their habits and customs, both in barracks and in the native London Hospital, May 14th, 1891. Hogarth, Robert George, L.R.C.P. Lond., St. Butholomew’s quarters of the town, are very different to those of the visitors. Hospital, July 30th, 1891. The case of the tourists who are in Cairo from November to Ouston, Thomas George, L .R.C.P.Lond., Yorkshire College and General Infirmary, Leeds, and Guy’s Hospital, July 30th, 1891. May should be considered quite separately from that of the Purvis, William Prior, M.B. Lond., L R.C.P. Lond., St. Thomaes British army. Some 6000 come every winter to Cairo, including Hospital, July 30th, 1891. many delicate young women, who are stimulated by the Rutter, Hubert Llewellyn, M.D.Durh., L.R.C P. Lond., London various attractions of the place to take more out-door Hospital and Durham University, Nov. 12th, 1891. exercise and more evening dissipation than is good for their Armstead, Hugh Wel6s, M B. Lond., L.R.C.P. Lond., St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Feb. llth, 1892. health. Visits to mosques and bazaars, all of which are Gerald Theodore Silvester, L.R.C.P.Lond., Guy’s Hospital, Sichel, when the stomach the is and abominably insanitary, empty 1892. 12th, May body tired by riding or dancing, should theoretically produce Hemy, Edwin, LR.C.P.Lond., St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, more typhoid fever than there really is. From last November Nov. 10th, 1892. Jones, George David Edwardes, L.R,C.P. Lond., Middlesex Hosuntil the present date there have been 6 cases of enteric fever pital, Nov. 10th, 1892. reported among the 6000 visitors, and this number is rather Lister, Thomas David, L.R.C.P. Lond., Guy’s Hospital, Nov. 10th, in excess of the usual winter supply. Five of the six were 1892. women between twenty-five and thirty years of age, and Christie, William Ledingham, M D. New Zealand, Otago University and London Hospital, Feb. 9th, 1893. the sixth was a young man who went up the Nile in a Frank, M.B.Cantab., L. It. C P. Lond., Cambridge University Belben, dahabiyeh which, all too late, was found to be discharging and bt. Bartholomew’s Hospital, May lLth, 1883 its sewage into the hold. A close inquiry has led to the Boyd, Thomas Hugh, M.B.Melb . Meloourne University and University College Hospital, July 27th, 1893 discovery of only two civilian residents who contracted Buchanan, James Spittal, M.BGlasg, L.R.C.P.Lond., Glasgow the on the other fever late winter, but, hand, during typhoid University and London Hospital, July27th, 1893. the four children of a conductor in the army all caught Wilkinson George, M.B.Cantab., L.It.C.P.Lond., Cambridge Unithis fever by living in a house without any pretence to versity, Feb. 8th, 18d4, Grimsdale, Harold Barr, M.B CJ.nta.1-t., L.R.C.P. Lond., Cambridge sanitation. It is noteworthy that all the twelve cases above University College and st. Thomas’s Hospital, May 10th, 1894. mentioned were English, and that eleven of them have happily Keith, Arthur, M.U.Aberd., Aberdeen University and University recovered, the twelfth having died from pneumonia on the, College Hospital, May 10th. 1894. Leathes, John Beresford, M B Oxon., L R C P.Lond., Oxford Unifortieth day of the fever. This patient had a history of versity and Guy’s Hospital, May 10th,1894. delicate lungs and had complicated his chances of recovery by Rigby, George 0 wen, M.B. Melb., Melbourne University, May lCth, see man the a medical 1894. during walking about and refusing to first twelve days of the fever. No American or German tourists; Barrington, Fourness, M. B. Edin., Edinburgh University, Univer. sity College, and St. Bartholomew’s Ho pital, not a member. have contracted typhoid fever this winter, and the Latin races Seven other candidates the examination, but not having yet have continued to enjoy a noticeable immunity here. At the complied with the by-liws,passed will recaive their diplomas at future meetGerman hospital there have been a few cases among Greek; ings of the Council, and twenty-three candidates were referred. residents, and one in a little Turkish girl from a harem. The following gentlemen having previously passed the Curiously enough, typhoid fever is almost unknown among thes necessary examinations and having now attained the legal Egyptians. Every year a greater number of hotels and houses age of twenty-five years, were also admitted Fellows :— in Cairo are made sanitary, and it is to be hoped that some Adams, Edmund Weaver, L.R.C.P.Lond., King’s College Hospital, Feb. Ilth, 1892. day I may be able to report that there has been no case ,
.
1593
29th ult. in the Hardwicke Fever Hospital, and four others in the North Workhouse Hospital, which latter were also placed in the Hardwicke Hospital. Their clothing and bedding
the once vaccinated of this class the mortality was identical with that prevailing amongst the unvaccinated, proving that the immunity formerly conferred by the operation had Between twenty and fifty years of age were placed on a grass plot in front of the ward, and being become exhausted. saturated with naphtha were destroyed by fire. The clothes of the proportion of patients vaccinated but not revaccinated the patient at the Fever Hospital were conveyed in a closed becomes greater ; they constitute rather more than fourbox to the disinfecting chamber and burnt. The most minute fifths of the total. Their mortality is less than that obtain;and precise directions were then given to the officers with ing amongst the totally unvaccinated, but it attains to regard to the measures of precaution to be adopted in order thrice that of the once vaccinated patients of the previous to arrest the spread of the disease. The next day Mr. Staf- class (from ten to twenty years). Again, the revaccinated ford, Local Government Board inspector, visited the hospital variolous cases become more frequent and their mortality is and workhouse with Sir C. Cameron, and also on Saturday, increased. Above the age of fifty years the mortality of the and advised with the officials as to the precautions to be non-vaccinated is at its maximum ; in other words, an taken. On June lst, Wardmaster O’Brien was found to be unvaccinated person who congratulates himself on having affected with small-pox, and an inmate named Bulger was attained an advanced age without having contracted .attacked on the following day. No further cases have small-pox, and is convinced of his permanent immunity, occurred up to the present. There seems to have been may be lulling himself into a false security. If anti-vacci.three sources of infection in this outbreak. The two first nationists ever consult figures drawn up with strict imcases came into the hospital from different places, and partiality as the above have been, I hope they will in their own they could not have infected the workhouse residents, interests do me the honour of digesting the information given who sickened simultaneously, or nearly so, with them. in this paragraph. It seems highly probable that the infection was brought The Library of the Academy of Medicine. into the workhouse by casuals who frequently spend a The librarian of the Academy, Dr. Dureau, reports that on night or two in the institution. Owing to the prompt Dec. 31st, 1893, the library under his charge contained measures which have been taken to prevent this outbreak 147,405 volumes (bound and unbound). The number received from extending, it is probable that no further cases of this during 1893 was 8164. The majority of these works were loathsome disease will appear. gifts. Thus in the year 1892-93 the donors included Mesdames Roger and de Villiers, both widows of acadeDublin. University of Drs. Duche, There will be a meeting of the Senate on Wednesday, the micians ; Dr. Bergeron, Baron Larrey, 20th inst., to consider graces for honorary degrees which will Feulhard, Laboulbene (Professor of the History of MediThe be submitted by the Provost and Senior Fellows, and also a cine at the Faculty), Lermoyez, and Marjolin. member gave no less than 4069 works. meeting of the Senate on the 28th inst. for the purpose of latter well-known Among the curiosities of the collection there are 6000 prints conferring degrees. and portraits of distinguished practitioners of the healing Charitable Bequests. of forty art. Five-sixths of these were collected in the By the will of the late Mr. Matthew Honan, of Cork, a years by a country practitioner, M. Munaret. space on the While sum of £1000 has been bequeathed to the Cancer Hospital, of the Academy of Medicine, it is surprising that the subject Wellington-road ; and 1000 to the North Infirmary, Cork. profession in France can put up with such a mean local. Mr. Honan has also left £25,000 to erect an institution to be Some years ago I announced in these columns the gift to the called Honan’s Hospital." Academy by a lady of her mansion, and the early removal of the learned body to the new and more appropriate premises Gorey Union. Dr. Weldon has been appointed medical officer to Gorey was anticipated. But they still continue deliberations in the Workhouse. A vacancy consequent on Dr. Weldon’s appoint- Rue des Saints-Peres, which street is rendered none the ment is the Gorey dispensary, for which Dr. J. S. Owens, of gayer by the dingy pillowed frontage of the Academy Enniscorthy, is a candidate. Transfusian of Blood in its Legal Aspects. Transfusion June, 19th. gspeets. A gentleman named Lefevre being sick unto death, transfusion of blood was had recourse to, and the patient’s gardener PARIS. volunteered to supply the vital fluid. The offer was accepted. Some time afterwards the gardener fell ill in his turn, and (FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.) the worthy delver attributing his illness to his act of generosity towards his master, claimed 60,000 francs damages. Elect?’olysis of Urinary Calculi. Three experts were appointed to examine and report on the M. YvoN has, since the year 1884, been engaged in experibut before the report was forthcoming the man died. ments on the above subject, and he nowI informs us that case, His widow continued the action, and the Civil Tribunal of he has succeeded in dissolving calculi-in vitro only, it is the Seine has delivered judgment in favour of the defendant. true. When the platinum electrodes of a battery are plunged A post-mortem examination of the gardener’s body had into an aqueous solution of sodium sulphate, there are evolved revealed as the cause of death cancer of the stomach. The at the positive pole sulphuric acid and oxygen, metallic court held that even had the transfusion lessened the A further sodium being deposited at the negative pole. of resistance of the man to the ravages of the powers action takes place at this latter pole, caustic soda and disease that caused his death, the fact of his having If a calculus be between hydrogen being produced. placed offered his blood for the benefit of his master the points of the platinum electrodes, themselves plunged in voluntarily the latter from any financial responsibility that absolved sodium sulphate solution, the passage of a current brings be urged against him. .about the gradual hollowing of the stone which dissolves at might June 19th. its point of contact with one of the electrodes. In the case of a simple phosphatic or earthy carbonate calculus, the dissolving electrode is the positive ; a uric acid calculus is EGYPT. ’dissolved at the negative pole. It is evident that, if difficulties OUR OWN obvious to any surgeon could be surmounted, the clinical (FROM CORRESPONDENT.) application of this method would mark a distinct progress in Influenza Epidemics. urinary surgery. THE statistical branch of the Sanitary Department has Vaccination and Revaccination:their Protective Properties. Dr. Layet of Bordeaux furnishes US2 with the results of now, somewhat tardily, brought out a report on the first outhis observation of 2000 cases of small-pox with reference to break of influenza in this country, together with an appendix the ages and the previous vaccinations and revaccinations of on another epidemic of the same disease two years later. But it is now recognised by all that influenza has been the patients. Up to the age of ten years no cases of variola to Egypt for the last five winters by visitors or by were observed in individuals who had been revaccinated. In brought residents returning from Europe. Dr. Engel, the writer of the patients in this age category who had been vaccinated once with his colleagues here in believing that the the mortality was five times less than in the unvaccinated. report, agrees disease is quite distinct from dengue, which has not been here Between the ages of ten and twenty years the disease’was in an epidemic form since the autumn of 1887. The report rare in the revaccinated, but never led to a fatal result. In includes the experience of 105 medical men, most of whom, however, are Egyptians employed in the Government service. June 1894. de 1 Société 13th, Thérapeutique, The sum total of their hospital and private practice represents 2 Académie de Médecine, June 12th.
building.
__
_______________
1594
EGYPT.-MEDICAL
NEWS.
during a whole winter among either visitors or residents.
In among 6000 searchers after health and pleasure are not an appalling number to anyone who knows the recent history of enteric fever in London.
about 6500 influenza patients. Information has also been obtained from 73 schools, consisting of 11,000 pupils, who furnished some 2500 of the patients. Two cases are mentioned of isolated schools where there was not a single pupil attacked. The earliest cases of this pandemic seem to have occurred in November and December, 1889, and in no one winter have patients suffering from influenza been noted after May. It would almost seem as if the dry heat of spring here proved implacably inimical to the bacillus. Moreover, the bronchopneumonic type of influenza flourishes here only in the damp winter months. Spring cases are liable to have the scourge without cough, and perhaps even without fever. In this connexion it may be mentioned that typhus fever patients as seen among the poorest hospital patients invariably get an amount of pneumonia in February and March, which is absent in cases seen a little later in the year; on the other hand, influenza spread in March, 1890, to Annan and Wady Halfa, where the climate is something similar to that of Cairo in April. The disease travelled to Suakim in February, but there are no means of knowing how far it made inroads into the Soudan. The question has been raised in the medical papers as to whether it is possible to have true influenza without fever, and it may therefore be worth noting that of 189 cases seen by private practitioners and by medical officers of the Egyptian Army 11 were reported to have no fever, and 30 had subnormal temperatures, but as 93, or half the cases, had fever lasting only from one to three days it is fair to assume that, in some cases at least, there may have been a little fever before the patient came under the supervision of the medical attendant.
the meantime 6
cases
The Deaconesses’ Victoria The German
Hospital,
as
it is
Hospital. usually called, has recently
been enlarged, and is continuing to do most useful work. A young lady from New York most generously contributed ,g1000, and among other improvements a new operating theatre has been constructed on the modern principles of surgical cleanliness. The greatest number of the patients treated in 1893 were Greeks and Egyptians, besides 53 EDglish and Maltese out of a total of 370 paying inmates. In the contagious block, which was presented to the hospital by the English residents as a Jubilee memorial, 14 cases were treated during the year for small-pox, diphtheria, scarlet fever, and measles among no less than seven nationalities. The out-patient department was attended by 25,172 eye patients and only 1009 ordinary patients. The typhoid fever admissions for the year were 20. Cairo, June.
Medical News. ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS OF ENGLAND.following gentlemen having passed the necessary examinations, and, having conformed to the by-laws and regulaThe
Enteric Feve7- in Cairo. There is often heard much exaggeration about the risks tions, have been admitted Fellows of the College :of typhoid fever for tourists in Cairo. It is no unHamerton, George Albert,M.D. Brux.,L R.C.P. Lond.,St. Thomases Hospital, diploma of Member dated July 23rd, 1874. common thing to meet patients in Egypt who profess to have Clarke, Ernest, M.D. Lond., St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, July 27th been warned by their London consultants that they must not 1880. spend even a single night in Cairo, because of this danger. Cadman, Arthur Wellesley, L.K.Q.C.P.L, Owens College and Royal Infirmary, Manchester, May 15th, 1882. If I assume that there is no desire on the part of interested Howse, Percy William Macdowall, L.R.C P. Lond., London Hospeople to cast aspersions upon one of the most popular pital, Jan. 22nd, 1883. winter resorts, it is difficult to understand how the cases of Green, Charles David, M.D.Lond., St. Thomas’s Hospital, July 20th, 1883. typhoid fever are multiplied unintentionally every year. The Griffith, John, L R.C.P. Lond., St. Mary’s Hospital, Aug. 1st, 1889. army of occupation suffers every year and almost every month Westmacott" Frederic Hibbeit, L. B. C P. Lond., Owens College and from this fever, but it must be remembered that it consists Royal Infirmary, Manchester, Feb. 13th, 1890. in a large part of boys and young men, who, whether Littler, Robert Meredith, L. R.C. P. Lond , Owens College and Royal Infirmary. Manchester, Nov. 13th, 1890. privates or sub-lieutenants, are specially liable to contract the Mahood, Allan Edward, M.B, R.U.L, Queen’s College, Birmingdisease. The private soldiers are here all the summer ; they ham and Dublin, Nov. 13th, 1890 live in barracks which are not drained by ideal sanitation, and Hall, John Moore, M.D., tc.U L, Queen’s College, Belfast, and their habits and customs, both in barracks and in the native London Hospital, May 14th, 1891. Hogarth, Robert George, L.R.C.P. Lond., St. Butholomew’s quarters of the town, are very different to those of the visitors. Hospital, July 30th, 1891. The case of the tourists who are in Cairo from November to Ouston, Thomas George, L .R.C.P.Lond., Yorkshire College and General Infirmary, Leeds, and Guy’s Hospital, July 30th, 1891. May should be considered quite separately from that of the Purvis, William Prior, M.B. Lond., L R.C.P. Lond., St. Thomaes British army. Some 6000 come every winter to Cairo, including Hospital, July 30th, 1891. many delicate young women, who are stimulated by the Rutter, Hubert Llewellyn, M.D.Durh., L.R.C P. Lond., London various attractions of the place to take more out-door Hospital and Durham University, Nov. 12th, 1891. exercise and more evening dissipation than is good for their Armstead, Hugh Wel6s, M B. Lond., L.R.C.P. Lond., St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Feb. llth, 1892. health. Visits to mosques and bazaars, all of which are Gerald Theodore Silvester, L.R.C.P.Lond., Guy’s Hospital, Sichel, when the stomach the is and abominably insanitary, empty 1892. 12th, May body tired by riding or dancing, should theoretically produce Hemy, Edwin, LR.C.P.Lond., St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, more typhoid fever than there really is. From last November Nov. 10th, 1892. Jones, George David Edwardes, L.R,C.P. Lond., Middlesex Hosuntil the present date there have been 6 cases of enteric fever pital, Nov. 10th, 1892. reported among the 6000 visitors, and this number is rather Lister, Thomas David, L.R.C.P. Lond., Guy’s Hospital, Nov. 10th, in excess of the usual winter supply. Five of the six were 1892. women between twenty-five and thirty years of age, and Christie, William Ledingham, M D. New Zealand, Otago University and London Hospital, Feb. 9th, 1893. the sixth was a young man who went up the Nile in a Frank, M.B.Cantab., L. It. C P. Lond., Cambridge University Belben, dahabiyeh which, all too late, was found to be discharging and bt. Bartholomew’s Hospital, May lLth, 1883 its sewage into the hold. A close inquiry has led to the Boyd, Thomas Hugh, M.B.Melb . Meloourne University and University College Hospital, July 27th, 1893 discovery of only two civilian residents who contracted Buchanan, James Spittal, M.BGlasg, L.R.C.P.Lond., Glasgow the on the other fever late winter, but, hand, during typhoid University and London Hospital, July27th, 1893. the four children of a conductor in the army all caught Wilkinson George, M.B.Cantab., L.It.C.P.Lond., Cambridge Unithis fever by living in a house without any pretence to versity, Feb. 8th, 18d4, Grimsdale, Harold Barr, M.B CJ.nta.1-t., L.R.C.P. Lond., Cambridge sanitation. It is noteworthy that all the twelve cases above University College and st. Thomas’s Hospital, May 10th, 1894. mentioned were English, and that eleven of them have happily Keith, Arthur, M.U.Aberd., Aberdeen University and University recovered, the twelfth having died from pneumonia on the, College Hospital, May 10th. 1894. Leathes, John Beresford, M B Oxon., L R C P.Lond., Oxford Unifortieth day of the fever. This patient had a history of versity and Guy’s Hospital, May 10th,1894. delicate lungs and had complicated his chances of recovery by Rigby, George 0 wen, M.B. Melb., Melbourne University, May lCth, see man the a medical 1894. during walking about and refusing to first twelve days of the fever. No American or German tourists; Barrington, Fourness, M. B. Edin., Edinburgh University, Univer. sity College, and St. Bartholomew’s Ho pital, not a member. have contracted typhoid fever this winter, and the Latin races Seven other candidates the examination, but not having yet have continued to enjoy a noticeable immunity here. At the complied with the by-liws,passed will recaive their diplomas at future meetGerman hospital there have been a few cases among Greek; ings of the Council, and twenty-three candidates were referred. residents, and one in a little Turkish girl from a harem. The following gentlemen having previously passed the Curiously enough, typhoid fever is almost unknown among thes necessary examinations and having now attained the legal Egyptians. Every year a greater number of hotels and houses age of twenty-five years, were also admitted Fellows :— in Cairo are made sanitary, and it is to be hoped that some Adams, Edmund Weaver, L.R.C.P.Lond., King’s College Hospital, Feb. Ilth, 1892. day I may be able to report that there has been no case ,
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