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Ein verfahren zur bestimmung des 137Cs gehaltes im meerwasser
410
Oceanographic Abstracts
SCHINKE H., 1961. Model-tank investigations on the mutual influence of wave and sea-bottom. (In Polish; English summary) Prace Inst. Morsk., Gdansk, (l) Hydrotech., II. Sesja Naukowa Inst. Morsk., 20-21 wrzesnia 1960: 105-128; English Summary 149. In order to collect data for coast protection designs, experiments have been carried out in a 70 m-long model channel. The fluctuations in wave characteristics (height, length, period and velocity) have been investigated, with waves' motion perpendicular to the uniformly inclined seabottom. At the same time, measurements of the wave motion orbital velocity components were carried out, as well as-observations of sand particles motion and of seabottom deformations. The measuring devices and methods are presented by the author, as applied to particular characteristics. The analysis of the results thus obtained makes it possible for the author to state a regularity in the mutual influence of wave and seabottom. On its presentation, the paper was illustrated by a film. ScnMrrr D. E. and H. KAtYrsKv, 1961. Ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung des 137Cs Gehaltes im Meerwasser. Deutsche ttydrogr. Z., 14 (5): 194-197. Description of a method for the determination of 137Cs-content of sea water (Summary). A method is described permitting the specific separation of 137Cs from any volume of sea water within a comparatively short time. After having carried out an enrichment deposition by means of sodiumhexanitrocobaltat and after having solved the deposit in hydrochloric acid the cesium is specifically deposited as Cs3Bi:J9 by adding a concentrated acetate solution. SCnMITZ H. P., 1961. Kritische Betrachtungen zu gebrhuchlichen Methoden zur Ermittlung des Windschuss auf dem Meere. Deutsche Hydrogr. Zeits., 14 (5): 169-193. The three methods most frequently used in determining the wind stress at sea are subject to a critical analysis comprising (a) the method deriving the stress from wind profiles above the water surface in accordance with Prandtl's conception, (b) the method of computing the stress at the sea surface from the deviation from geostrophic wind within the friction layer and (c) the method of deriving the stress from the effect of windstau on the coast. The analysis shows that the three methods are neither too precise nor too reliable owing to a too far going idealization, especially in the case of the second and third method, to a problematical conception of the first method, and to difficulties encountered with the technique of measurement when using the first and second method. A relatively reliable determination of wind stress is obviously obtained by the measurement of tilt, if it is carried out on waters having a sufficiently geometrical shape, especially in the case of rectangular basins with the wind blowing in their longitudinal direction. This method does, however, not properly embrace the additional effect of heavy fully developed sea. SERGEANT D. E., The biology of the pilot or pat head whale Globicephala melaena (TraiU) in Newfoundland waters. Fish Res. Bd. Canad. Bull. No. 132:84 pp. The biology of Globicephala melaena (Traill) has been studied in eastern Newfoundland. Large representative samples were obtained from complete herds driven onto shore in an intensive summer fishery. Ages were determined from growth layers in the dentine of the teeth, a method limited by the eventual filling-up of the pulp-cavity; and to some extent also from the growth layers in the cementum which are laid down throughout life are too small for accurate counting. Males attain an extreme length of 20.2 ft (617 cm), and females 16-8 ft (511 cm), measured in a straight line from tip of snout to notch of tail flukes. Weights of grown animals were calculated by extrapolation from weighed foetuses and calves; maximum weight is about 2900 kg (3 tons). The food consists almost entirely of squid lllex illecebrosus LeSueur; cod Gadus morhua L. are taken at times when squid is scarce. The average food intake per animals is about 14 kg (30 lb) per meal. Predators appear to be non-existent in summer, Parasites include nematodes in stomach and respiratory tract, cestodes in the small intestine, cirripedes on the lips and teeth and amphipods in wounds of the skin. Males are slightly larger than females at birth, and attain their much greater adult size by accelerated growth at puberty. Weaning and tooth eruption begin at a calculated age of 6 months, but are not complete till about 22 months. Females mature sexually at 6 to 7 years, males not until about 12 years. As a result there is an excess of mature females, and the species is undoubtedly polygamous. Births take place with maximal frequency in mid-August, and are approaching completion by the end of October. The breeding season (defined by 95 per cent of births) is deduced from foetal frequencies to last from May to November. The length of gestation, calculated from dated foetal lengths, is 15½ to 16 months, giving a calculated peak of matings in April and May. This is in agreement with the finding that the males are going out of rut in July-September. Ovulating females, however, are found throughout July-October with no decline in frequency through this period. The proportion of lactating to pregnant females suggests a total lactation period of 22 months, and since pregnancy and lactation rarely overlap, the whole reproductive cycle on average lasts about 40 months. From 1 to 3 ovulations, with an average of about 1.7, occur at each ovulatory cycle. Females frequently reach a climacteric, and from 3 to 16 (on average 12) corpora albicantia were found in the ovaries of senile females. Assessing the ages of a number of mature females from cemental growth layers, and assuming no loss of corpora albicantia, ovulation rates are deduced of from 0.3 to 0-5 per annum. Regarding the higher rate as the result of no significant loss of corpora albicantia, this figure suggests that a series of ovulations occurs once in each reproductive cycle of 3-3 years. The maximum number of calves produced in a full reproductive lifetime is then about 9. The foetuses show an excess of males, but in young
Oceanographic Abstracts
SCHINKE H., 1961. Model-tank investigations on the mutual influence of wave and sea-bottom. (In Polish; English summary) Prace Inst. Morsk., Gdansk, (l) Hydrotech., II. Sesja Naukowa Inst. Morsk., 20-21 wrzesnia 1960: 105-128; English Summary 149. In order to collect data for coast protection designs, experiments have been carried out in a 70 m-long model channel. The fluctuations in wave characteristics (height, length, period and velocity) have been investigated, with waves' motion perpendicular to the uniformly inclined seabottom. At the same time, measurements of the wave motion orbital velocity components were carried out, as well as-observations of sand particles motion and of seabottom deformations. The measuring devices and methods are presented by the author, as applied to particular characteristics. The analysis of the results thus obtained makes it possible for the author to state a regularity in the mutual influence of wave and seabottom. On its presentation, the paper was illustrated by a film. ScnMrrr D. E. and H. KAtYrsKv, 1961. Ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung des 137Cs Gehaltes im Meerwasser. Deutsche ttydrogr. Z., 14 (5): 194-197. Description of a method for the determination of 137Cs-content of sea water (Summary). A method is described permitting the specific separation of 137Cs from any volume of sea water within a comparatively short time. After having carried out an enrichment deposition by means of sodiumhexanitrocobaltat and after having solved the deposit in hydrochloric acid the cesium is specifically deposited as Cs3Bi:J9 by adding a concentrated acetate solution. SCnMITZ H. P., 1961. Kritische Betrachtungen zu gebrhuchlichen Methoden zur Ermittlung des Windschuss auf dem Meere. Deutsche Hydrogr. Zeits., 14 (5): 169-193. The three methods most frequently used in determining the wind stress at sea are subject to a critical analysis comprising (a) the method deriving the stress from wind profiles above the water surface in accordance with Prandtl's conception, (b) the method of computing the stress at the sea surface from the deviation from geostrophic wind within the friction layer and (c) the method of deriving the stress from the effect of windstau on the coast. The analysis shows that the three methods are neither too precise nor too reliable owing to a too far going idealization, especially in the case of the second and third method, to a problematical conception of the first method, and to difficulties encountered with the technique of measurement when using the first and second method. A relatively reliable determination of wind stress is obviously obtained by the measurement of tilt, if it is carried out on waters having a sufficiently geometrical shape, especially in the case of rectangular basins with the wind blowing in their longitudinal direction. This method does, however, not properly embrace the additional effect of heavy fully developed sea. SERGEANT D. E., The biology of the pilot or pat head whale Globicephala melaena (TraiU) in Newfoundland waters. Fish Res. Bd. Canad. Bull. No. 132:84 pp. The biology of Globicephala melaena (Traill) has been studied in eastern Newfoundland. Large representative samples were obtained from complete herds driven onto shore in an intensive summer fishery. Ages were determined from growth layers in the dentine of the teeth, a method limited by the eventual filling-up of the pulp-cavity; and to some extent also from the growth layers in the cementum which are laid down throughout life are too small for accurate counting. Males attain an extreme length of 20.2 ft (617 cm), and females 16-8 ft (511 cm), measured in a straight line from tip of snout to notch of tail flukes. Weights of grown animals were calculated by extrapolation from weighed foetuses and calves; maximum weight is about 2900 kg (3 tons). The food consists almost entirely of squid lllex illecebrosus LeSueur; cod Gadus morhua L. are taken at times when squid is scarce. The average food intake per animals is about 14 kg (30 lb) per meal. Predators appear to be non-existent in summer, Parasites include nematodes in stomach and respiratory tract, cestodes in the small intestine, cirripedes on the lips and teeth and amphipods in wounds of the skin. Males are slightly larger than females at birth, and attain their much greater adult size by accelerated growth at puberty. Weaning and tooth eruption begin at a calculated age of 6 months, but are not complete till about 22 months. Females mature sexually at 6 to 7 years, males not until about 12 years. As a result there is an excess of mature females, and the species is undoubtedly polygamous. Births take place with maximal frequency in mid-August, and are approaching completion by the end of October. The breeding season (defined by 95 per cent of births) is deduced from foetal frequencies to last from May to November. The length of gestation, calculated from dated foetal lengths, is 15½ to 16 months, giving a calculated peak of matings in April and May. This is in agreement with the finding that the males are going out of rut in July-September. Ovulating females, however, are found throughout July-October with no decline in frequency through this period. The proportion of lactating to pregnant females suggests a total lactation period of 22 months, and since pregnancy and lactation rarely overlap, the whole reproductive cycle on average lasts about 40 months. From 1 to 3 ovulations, with an average of about 1.7, occur at each ovulatory cycle. Females frequently reach a climacteric, and from 3 to 16 (on average 12) corpora albicantia were found in the ovaries of senile females. Assessing the ages of a number of mature females from cemental growth layers, and assuming no loss of corpora albicantia, ovulation rates are deduced of from 0.3 to 0-5 per annum. Regarding the higher rate as the result of no significant loss of corpora albicantia, this figure suggests that a series of ovulations occurs once in each reproductive cycle of 3-3 years. The maximum number of calves produced in a full reproductive lifetime is then about 9. The foetuses show an excess of males, but in young