- Email: [email protected]
Engineering applications of computational hydraulics, vol. II. Numerical models in environmental fluid mechanics
288
minerals with high birefringence, minerals with very strong anisotropy, etc. Accompanying each mineral name, which is clearly printed in bold type, is its chemical formula, together with a set of abbreviated optical and physical properties, which are a little ambiguous until the explanatory key has been carefully studied. To the left of this information are usually found two coloured photomicrographs (approximately 5 cm wide and 3 cm high) of thin sections of characteristic occurrences of the mineral concerned; the left one taken in plane polarised light and the right one in crossed polarised light. The quality of the colour printing is reasonable, considering the size of each photomicrograph but, unfortunately, is not as good as that to be found in the Atlas of Rock.Forming Minerals in Thin Section, published by Longman. One of the problems is that most of the photomicrographs taken in plane polarised light have an overall greeny to browny colour when they should, in many cases, be "colourless": The tables include classification schemes for plutonic and volcanic rocks {based on the IUGS recommendations) as well as gabbroic and ultramafic rocks, chamockites, basalts, lamprophyres, volcanoclastic and dynamometamorphic rocks, meteorites, sandstones, limestones, conglomerates and breccias, shale, phosphorites, carbonaceous rocks and coal. Textural diagrams are given for migmatites, age relationships of minerals and intergrowth patterns. Some facies diagrams are given for metamorphic rocks, the upper mantle and ore deposits. A table of ore associations is also given. The MichelLevy chart (approximately 6.5 cm by 16.5 cm) contains three orders of colour and is reasonably reproduced, although the change in colour from red to blue across the sensitive tint colours tends to be slightly too abrupt. Nevertheless, in spite of these shortcomings, the chart should provide a colourful and useful addition for classrooms and study walls. The price per single copy (approximately US$17.00) is very high, presumably due to handling costs, but this reduces rapidly to US$7.88 per copy for an order of 10 copies and to US$5.11 each for an order of 100 copies. R.W. LE MAITRE (Parkville, Vict.)
Engineering Applications of Computational Hydraulics, Vol. II. Numerical Models in Environmental Fluid Mechanics. J.-P. Benqud, A. Hauguel and P.-L. Viollet, Pitman Advanced Publishing Program, London, 1982, xii + 160 pp., £stg.22.50 (hardcover). This small volume is the second of two books written in homage to Alexandre Preissmann. In this book numerical models developed by the authors at the Laboratoire National d'Hydraulique are presented. The book is organized into three major sections dealing with tidal flows, lakes and rivers, and atmospheric movement, respectively. The tidal section is the most extensive covering two
289
into flow simulations. Equation development and finite difference procedures for solution of the equations are presented in sufficient detail. Special attention is paid to simplifying assumptions and the impact of different time and length scales on the requirements of the numerical model. Representative simulations are also discussed. The presentation of the authors' work provides much insight into the complexities of numerical simulation and procedures for dealing with these complexities. The second major section of the book describes flows in lakes and rivers. The chapter on wind generated currents deals primarily with appropriate governing equations. The chapter on rivers is concerned with two- and three
Multio bjective Decision Analysis with Engineering and Business Applications. Ambrose Goicoechea, Don R. Hansen and Lucien Duckstein. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1982, xvii + 519 pp., US$34.95, £stg.26.50 (hardback). This book is intended as both an introductory text and a reference book on methods o f solution for a type of problem frequently faced by resource developers, environmental planners and regulators, public officials, and business managers -- that of finding an acceptable solution to a problem with multiple physical and economic constraints and several simultaneous, but conflicting, goals. Analysis of this type of problem is much more complicated than optimizing a single objective function using linear programming techniques. A goal is represented mathematically by an objective function, which is a linear combination of the input variables. Usually, increasing the value o f an objective function corresponds to better satisfying the goal. However, the possible alternatives or feasible solutions are constrained by the available quantities of the input variables, If a solution is nondominated, any change that increases the value of one objective function will cause another to decrease. As one moves from one nondominated solution to another, one objective function will improve, but one or more of the other objective functions will decrease in value. The decision maker must then choose from among the nondominated solutions. Most of the more than 50 techniques for analyzing multiobjective prob-
minerals with high birefringence, minerals with very strong anisotropy, etc. Accompanying each mineral name, which is clearly printed in bold type, is its chemical formula, together with a set of abbreviated optical and physical properties, which are a little ambiguous until the explanatory key has been carefully studied. To the left of this information are usually found two coloured photomicrographs (approximately 5 cm wide and 3 cm high) of thin sections of characteristic occurrences of the mineral concerned; the left one taken in plane polarised light and the right one in crossed polarised light. The quality of the colour printing is reasonable, considering the size of each photomicrograph but, unfortunately, is not as good as that to be found in the Atlas of Rock.Forming Minerals in Thin Section, published by Longman. One of the problems is that most of the photomicrographs taken in plane polarised light have an overall greeny to browny colour when they should, in many cases, be "colourless": The tables include classification schemes for plutonic and volcanic rocks {based on the IUGS recommendations) as well as gabbroic and ultramafic rocks, chamockites, basalts, lamprophyres, volcanoclastic and dynamometamorphic rocks, meteorites, sandstones, limestones, conglomerates and breccias, shale, phosphorites, carbonaceous rocks and coal. Textural diagrams are given for migmatites, age relationships of minerals and intergrowth patterns. Some facies diagrams are given for metamorphic rocks, the upper mantle and ore deposits. A table of ore associations is also given. The MichelLevy chart (approximately 6.5 cm by 16.5 cm) contains three orders of colour and is reasonably reproduced, although the change in colour from red to blue across the sensitive tint colours tends to be slightly too abrupt. Nevertheless, in spite of these shortcomings, the chart should provide a colourful and useful addition for classrooms and study walls. The price per single copy (approximately US$17.00) is very high, presumably due to handling costs, but this reduces rapidly to US$7.88 per copy for an order of 10 copies and to US$5.11 each for an order of 100 copies. R.W. LE MAITRE (Parkville, Vict.)
Engineering Applications of Computational Hydraulics, Vol. II. Numerical Models in Environmental Fluid Mechanics. J.-P. Benqud, A. Hauguel and P.-L. Viollet, Pitman Advanced Publishing Program, London, 1982, xii + 160 pp., £stg.22.50 (hardcover). This small volume is the second of two books written in homage to Alexandre Preissmann. In this book numerical models developed by the authors at the Laboratoire National d'Hydraulique are presented. The book is organized into three major sections dealing with tidal flows, lakes and rivers, and atmospheric movement, respectively. The tidal section is the most extensive covering two
289
into flow simulations. Equation development and finite difference procedures for solution of the equations are presented in sufficient detail. Special attention is paid to simplifying assumptions and the impact of different time and length scales on the requirements of the numerical model. Representative simulations are also discussed. The presentation of the authors' work provides much insight into the complexities of numerical simulation and procedures for dealing with these complexities. The second major section of the book describes flows in lakes and rivers. The chapter on wind generated currents deals primarily with appropriate governing equations. The chapter on rivers is concerned with two- and three
Multio bjective Decision Analysis with Engineering and Business Applications. Ambrose Goicoechea, Don R. Hansen and Lucien Duckstein. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1982, xvii + 519 pp., US$34.95, £stg.26.50 (hardback). This book is intended as both an introductory text and a reference book on methods o f solution for a type of problem frequently faced by resource developers, environmental planners and regulators, public officials, and business managers -- that of finding an acceptable solution to a problem with multiple physical and economic constraints and several simultaneous, but conflicting, goals. Analysis of this type of problem is much more complicated than optimizing a single objective function using linear programming techniques. A goal is represented mathematically by an objective function, which is a linear combination of the input variables. Usually, increasing the value o f an objective function corresponds to better satisfying the goal. However, the possible alternatives or feasible solutions are constrained by the available quantities of the input variables, If a solution is nondominated, any change that increases the value of one objective function will cause another to decrease. As one moves from one nondominated solution to another, one objective function will improve, but one or more of the other objective functions will decrease in value. The decision maker must then choose from among the nondominated solutions. Most of the more than 50 techniques for analyzing multiobjective prob-