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Mechanics of liquids, an elementary text in hydraulics and fluid mechanics
Oct., I94O.]
BOOK REVIEWS.
525
PRINTING INKS, TItEIR CHI~MISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY, by Carleton Ellis. 56o pages, illustrations, I6 X 24 cms. New York, Reinhold Publishing Corporation, 194o. Price $7.00. One need only page through a few periodicals today to realize the tremendous ad,~ance made in the art of color work in printing. Illustrations in many colors and shades are beautiful to behold and impossible only a few years ago. In fact a little serious thinking when examining modern periodicals will bring forth a multitude of questions which must have been answered before the finished product was made. For instance, there are various grades of paper and surface finishes, printing was done in different parts of the country under different conditions of atmosphere effecting drying rates, etc., the accuracy and detailed composition, the mechanics of the work, the numerous colors and blends, and many others. The chemist dealing with printing inks, of necessity, has played a very important role in this rapidly developing field. In casting about for treatises on the subject the author was struck ~ i t h the very limited number available. The reason for this book, he says, is to fill the needs of chemists ~ h o are groping for information on printing inks and are unable to find the subject discussed in any comprehensive treatise dealing with it in a modern way. It, therefore, takes the form of a monograph, giving innumerable references throughout. At the outset, printing inks are likened to paints and varnishes as coating compositions. Those not intimately familiar with the subject will be surprised at the similarities and will be interested in the peculiar problems described on the requirements of inks and the methods of using them. There is given a brief history of printing inks which is instructive to anyone. With this as a background, printing ink vehicles are discussed, followed by driers, modifiers and pigments. Inks for the three general methods of printing (typography, lithography, and intaglio) are described. Somewhat of a departure from the general theme but important from the standpoint of completeness is the portion of the book devoted to photochemical preparation of matrices. There is a rather short discussion of the more important reproduction processes involving the use of sensitized surfaces, after which there is described the preparation of intaglio, relief, copy relief, and lithographic plates. Transfer inks, emulsion inks, special types of printing inks, printing ink problems, and the testing of printing inks are separate topics taken up later. The book contains m a n y illustrations and tables, and there is a glossary, a subject and a name index in the back. The author, ~ hose versatility and thoroughness is well known, has produced here a book which is the result of an exhaustive examination of the literature coupled with an uncommon knowledge of the subject and an experienced hand at presentation. It is a modern exposition. R. H. OPPERMANN. MECHANICS OF LIQUIDS, AN ELEMENTARY TEXT IN HYDRAULICS AND FLUID MECHANICS, by Ralph W. Powell. 27I pages, illustrations, tables, 16 >( 24 cms. New York, The Macmillan Company, 194o. Price $3.5 o. There are a n u m b e r of texts already available in this field. The unusual method of presentation and progression of this book suggests t h a t t h a t is the justification for its publication. But there is more than that. The author in the preface states, " D u r i n g the past few years, there has been a great deal of discussion
526
BOOK REVIEWS.
[J. F. I.
of Fluid Mechanics versus Hydraulics. Thinking of these as two competing subjects is a great mistake . . . . The question is very closely analogous to the corresponding situation in the mechanics of materials (solids). The teacher of Strength of Materials does not consider the Theory of Elasticity as a competing subject, but as the primary control ~ i t h which he must constantly check . . . . The writer believes t h a t with the time available at most institutions, and with the possible exception of a few specialized curricula, it is wisest to limit the first course to non-compressible fluids--to what is here called the Mechanics of Liquids." Thus it is seen t h a t this text has an individual pedagogical background. The line of progression begins with elements of the subjects of hydrostatics and fluid flow and then passes to orifices and weirs, pipe flow, flow in open channels, a more advanced t r e a t m e n t on pipe flow, effect of viscosity and the use of models. The t r e a t m e n t is a vigorous, practical one. The author uses the practice of working out problems as illustrations, and these and the text are supplemented by many problems for exercise, to which answers are supplied. Always it moves from the simple to the more complex. The question of the suitability of the construction of this book to the classroom is one for teachers to decide. There are evidences t h a t it at least should be given its " d a y in court." The book has definite value to the man who wishes to gain an insight into the principles or the fundamentals of the subject with which he may already have a working knowledge of facts and rules of practice. R. H. OPPERMANN. NATURAL COLOR PROCESSES, by Carlton E. Dunn. Third Edition, 232 pages, plates, 14 X 21 cms. Boston, American Photographic Publishing Company, 194o. Price $2.00. The fascination and satisfaction obtained from the practice of photography is manifest from the enthusiasm exhibited by its many followers. Parallel to other similar fields of activity certain of its main branches are not available to all, but only to those who have passed through elementary stages underlying the principles of the art generally, and who have inclinations toward them. One of these branches is color photography. It is a specialized branch. The purpose of this book is to explain the various practical methods available for making photographs in natural colors, with as little theory as possible. As such its appeal is to the practical worker who has the background of photographic experience as a prerequisite. Testifying to the acceptance of this book among color photographers, is the fact that two editions have appeared previous to this one, in 1936 and 1938. This is also evidence of the progress of the art, and it is an indication of improvements in method of presentation and coverage. At the outset there is given a simple analysis of color with relation to photography. "['his is somewhat brief but sufficient. The rest of the book is divided into eleven different sections including the making of color-separation negatives, Autotype Trichrome Carbro which is a method of making natural color prints on paper by means of superimposed red, blue and yellow pigment images. Belcolor printing film, the Chromatone process, reliefs and imbibition for color prints and transparencies, Duxochrome and Colorstil color printing films, dye mordanting, screen color transparencies, Dufaycolor, multilayer color processes, and the Finlay process.
BOOK REVIEWS.
525
PRINTING INKS, TItEIR CHI~MISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY, by Carleton Ellis. 56o pages, illustrations, I6 X 24 cms. New York, Reinhold Publishing Corporation, 194o. Price $7.00. One need only page through a few periodicals today to realize the tremendous ad,~ance made in the art of color work in printing. Illustrations in many colors and shades are beautiful to behold and impossible only a few years ago. In fact a little serious thinking when examining modern periodicals will bring forth a multitude of questions which must have been answered before the finished product was made. For instance, there are various grades of paper and surface finishes, printing was done in different parts of the country under different conditions of atmosphere effecting drying rates, etc., the accuracy and detailed composition, the mechanics of the work, the numerous colors and blends, and many others. The chemist dealing with printing inks, of necessity, has played a very important role in this rapidly developing field. In casting about for treatises on the subject the author was struck ~ i t h the very limited number available. The reason for this book, he says, is to fill the needs of chemists ~ h o are groping for information on printing inks and are unable to find the subject discussed in any comprehensive treatise dealing with it in a modern way. It, therefore, takes the form of a monograph, giving innumerable references throughout. At the outset, printing inks are likened to paints and varnishes as coating compositions. Those not intimately familiar with the subject will be surprised at the similarities and will be interested in the peculiar problems described on the requirements of inks and the methods of using them. There is given a brief history of printing inks which is instructive to anyone. With this as a background, printing ink vehicles are discussed, followed by driers, modifiers and pigments. Inks for the three general methods of printing (typography, lithography, and intaglio) are described. Somewhat of a departure from the general theme but important from the standpoint of completeness is the portion of the book devoted to photochemical preparation of matrices. There is a rather short discussion of the more important reproduction processes involving the use of sensitized surfaces, after which there is described the preparation of intaglio, relief, copy relief, and lithographic plates. Transfer inks, emulsion inks, special types of printing inks, printing ink problems, and the testing of printing inks are separate topics taken up later. The book contains m a n y illustrations and tables, and there is a glossary, a subject and a name index in the back. The author, ~ hose versatility and thoroughness is well known, has produced here a book which is the result of an exhaustive examination of the literature coupled with an uncommon knowledge of the subject and an experienced hand at presentation. It is a modern exposition. R. H. OPPERMANN. MECHANICS OF LIQUIDS, AN ELEMENTARY TEXT IN HYDRAULICS AND FLUID MECHANICS, by Ralph W. Powell. 27I pages, illustrations, tables, 16 >( 24 cms. New York, The Macmillan Company, 194o. Price $3.5 o. There are a n u m b e r of texts already available in this field. The unusual method of presentation and progression of this book suggests t h a t t h a t is the justification for its publication. But there is more than that. The author in the preface states, " D u r i n g the past few years, there has been a great deal of discussion
526
BOOK REVIEWS.
[J. F. I.
of Fluid Mechanics versus Hydraulics. Thinking of these as two competing subjects is a great mistake . . . . The question is very closely analogous to the corresponding situation in the mechanics of materials (solids). The teacher of Strength of Materials does not consider the Theory of Elasticity as a competing subject, but as the primary control ~ i t h which he must constantly check . . . . The writer believes t h a t with the time available at most institutions, and with the possible exception of a few specialized curricula, it is wisest to limit the first course to non-compressible fluids--to what is here called the Mechanics of Liquids." Thus it is seen t h a t this text has an individual pedagogical background. The line of progression begins with elements of the subjects of hydrostatics and fluid flow and then passes to orifices and weirs, pipe flow, flow in open channels, a more advanced t r e a t m e n t on pipe flow, effect of viscosity and the use of models. The t r e a t m e n t is a vigorous, practical one. The author uses the practice of working out problems as illustrations, and these and the text are supplemented by many problems for exercise, to which answers are supplied. Always it moves from the simple to the more complex. The question of the suitability of the construction of this book to the classroom is one for teachers to decide. There are evidences t h a t it at least should be given its " d a y in court." The book has definite value to the man who wishes to gain an insight into the principles or the fundamentals of the subject with which he may already have a working knowledge of facts and rules of practice. R. H. OPPERMANN. NATURAL COLOR PROCESSES, by Carlton E. Dunn. Third Edition, 232 pages, plates, 14 X 21 cms. Boston, American Photographic Publishing Company, 194o. Price $2.00. The fascination and satisfaction obtained from the practice of photography is manifest from the enthusiasm exhibited by its many followers. Parallel to other similar fields of activity certain of its main branches are not available to all, but only to those who have passed through elementary stages underlying the principles of the art generally, and who have inclinations toward them. One of these branches is color photography. It is a specialized branch. The purpose of this book is to explain the various practical methods available for making photographs in natural colors, with as little theory as possible. As such its appeal is to the practical worker who has the background of photographic experience as a prerequisite. Testifying to the acceptance of this book among color photographers, is the fact that two editions have appeared previous to this one, in 1936 and 1938. This is also evidence of the progress of the art, and it is an indication of improvements in method of presentation and coverage. At the outset there is given a simple analysis of color with relation to photography. "['his is somewhat brief but sufficient. The rest of the book is divided into eleven different sections including the making of color-separation negatives, Autotype Trichrome Carbro which is a method of making natural color prints on paper by means of superimposed red, blue and yellow pigment images. Belcolor printing film, the Chromatone process, reliefs and imbibition for color prints and transparencies, Duxochrome and Colorstil color printing films, dye mordanting, screen color transparencies, Dufaycolor, multilayer color processes, and the Finlay process.