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Engineering practice in artificial ground freezing. State-of-the-art report
72A
t h e r m a l and h ~ t r a u l i c l ~ o p e r t i e s o f t h i s p r o duct as functions of the temperature concerned, a r ~ c c ~ a r e s them t o t h e p r o p e r t i e s o f ~ r i n e s o f Calcium chloride. Field ~ e s t s , cc~pari~ the brine and terpene, were carried out t o check t h e o r e t i c a l statements made.
823198 E ~ G I ~ I R 3
QUALITY ASSURANCE FO~ CONSTRUCTION
S~uster, J A GeOl, ViS, NI-~, Dec 1981, P333-350 to 2zz:l. International S3~posium on Ground Freezing, Tro~dheim, 2~26 June 1980) P r e s e n t s d i s c u s s i o n s and recemmemdatione fc~ various c o n s t r u c t i o n operations and the related quality asslwamce n e c e s s a r y for az~ grou~i
freezi~ project. S~bJects covered include: site l~eparation, s~sm~face installation at' pipes, •i n s t a l l a t i o n o f refrigeration plant and coolant distribution ~stem, Imstrt~e~tatlon required, and excavation and simsltaneous protection of e x p o s e d f r o z e n soils. Concl~cleswlth recc~mendatlons fc~ applied research topics to be u r ~ taken. A discussion of t h e p a l e r is included as an al~l~d IX. 823199 ARTIFICIAL FREET~RG AND C0(~Ih~3 OF SOILS AT CONSTRUCTION SITES Sodovsk~, A V; Durman, Y A E ~ 0 g Geol, V18, NI-4, Dec 1981, P327-331 (Paper to 2nd Inter~atloml Symposium on Groumd Freezlmg, Tromdheim, 2[~-26 J u n e 1980) Presents a shc~'t survey of Soviet experience in the field of artificial freezing of soils, mostly used in mining and subway construction, illustrated with examples in t h e USER. A special field of cold al~xlication at the construction site is the cooling of soils which already have a negative temperature. 823200 E N G I ~ I ~ PRACTICE IN ARTIFICIAL GROUND F ~ Z I N G . STATE-OF-THE-ART REPORT Jones, J S Engng Geol, VIS, NI-4, Dec 1981, P313-326 (Paper to 2rod International S~mp?sium on Groumd Freezing, Tror~heim, 24-26 June 1980)
Reviews the use of artificial ground freezing in tunnel and large diameter cofferdam construction. The design methcclology far a freezing system is then briefly examined: site expleration, laboratory testings thermal design, groumd movement considerations, amd structvral Ar~lyses. Lastly, current construction practices fc~ instrumentation systems and insulation techniques are discussed, together with the ,use of concrete adjacent to frozen soll walls. 63 refs.
823201 GROUND FREEZING - THE APPLICATION OF THE MIXED METHOD (~RINE-LIQUID N I ~ E ~ ) Gallavresi, F Engng Geol, V18, N1-4, Dec 1981, P361-375 (Paper to 2nd International Symposium on Ground Freezing, Tromdheim, 24-26 June 1980) The paper deals with different ground freezing techr~ques, ie open, closed and mixed systems. The main criteria of choice are defined, and experiments with the mixed system are outlined. In particular, the work carried out in Naples in 1979 is described where the mixed treatment was used to excavate below the water table for a sewer trunk line of 3.~0m diameter in the city centre and beneath existing buildings.
823202 NEW CONCEP~ FOR SIRKING ~
SHAFTS INTO GREAT D~A'~S Hegemann, J E ~ n g Geol, V18, NI-~, Dec 1981 , P385-393 ~Paper to 2rid International Symposium on Ground Freezimg, Trondheim, 24-26 June 1980)
Discusses studies undertaken in the sinking of the Voerde S~aft, Wals1~n Colliery, Germany. The location meant si~king the shaft 600m through soft and water-bearing strata, so freeze shafts were to be sur~. The lining had to be constructed as an absolutely watertight tube, and the associated investigations ard measurements are discussed.
t h e r m a l and h ~ t r a u l i c l ~ o p e r t i e s o f t h i s p r o duct as functions of the temperature concerned, a r ~ c c ~ a r e s them t o t h e p r o p e r t i e s o f ~ r i n e s o f Calcium chloride. Field ~ e s t s , cc~pari~ the brine and terpene, were carried out t o check t h e o r e t i c a l statements made.
823198 E ~ G I ~ I R 3
QUALITY ASSURANCE FO~ CONSTRUCTION
S~uster, J A GeOl, ViS, NI-~, Dec 1981, P333-350 to 2zz:l. International S3~posium on Ground Freezing, Tro~dheim, 2~26 June 1980) P r e s e n t s d i s c u s s i o n s and recemmemdatione fc~ various c o n s t r u c t i o n operations and the related quality asslwamce n e c e s s a r y for az~ grou~i
freezi~ project. S~bJects covered include: site l~eparation, s~sm~face installation at' pipes, •i n s t a l l a t i o n o f refrigeration plant and coolant distribution ~stem, Imstrt~e~tatlon required, and excavation and simsltaneous protection of e x p o s e d f r o z e n soils. Concl~cleswlth recc~mendatlons fc~ applied research topics to be u r ~ taken. A discussion of t h e p a l e r is included as an al~l~d IX. 823199 ARTIFICIAL FREET~RG AND C0(~Ih~3 OF SOILS AT CONSTRUCTION SITES Sodovsk~, A V; Durman, Y A E ~ 0 g Geol, V18, NI-4, Dec 1981, P327-331 (Paper to 2nd Inter~atloml Symposium on Groumd Freezlmg, Tromdheim, 2[~-26 J u n e 1980) Presents a shc~'t survey of Soviet experience in the field of artificial freezing of soils, mostly used in mining and subway construction, illustrated with examples in t h e USER. A special field of cold al~xlication at the construction site is the cooling of soils which already have a negative temperature. 823200 E N G I ~ I ~ PRACTICE IN ARTIFICIAL GROUND F ~ Z I N G . STATE-OF-THE-ART REPORT Jones, J S Engng Geol, VIS, NI-4, Dec 1981, P313-326 (Paper to 2rod International S~mp?sium on Groumd Freezing, Tror~heim, 24-26 June 1980)
Reviews the use of artificial ground freezing in tunnel and large diameter cofferdam construction. The design methcclology far a freezing system is then briefly examined: site expleration, laboratory testings thermal design, groumd movement considerations, amd structvral Ar~lyses. Lastly, current construction practices fc~ instrumentation systems and insulation techniques are discussed, together with the ,use of concrete adjacent to frozen soll walls. 63 refs.
823201 GROUND FREEZING - THE APPLICATION OF THE MIXED METHOD (~RINE-LIQUID N I ~ E ~ ) Gallavresi, F Engng Geol, V18, N1-4, Dec 1981, P361-375 (Paper to 2nd International Symposium on Ground Freezing, Tromdheim, 24-26 June 1980) The paper deals with different ground freezing techr~ques, ie open, closed and mixed systems. The main criteria of choice are defined, and experiments with the mixed system are outlined. In particular, the work carried out in Naples in 1979 is described where the mixed treatment was used to excavate below the water table for a sewer trunk line of 3.~0m diameter in the city centre and beneath existing buildings.
823202 NEW CONCEP~ FOR SIRKING ~
SHAFTS INTO GREAT D~A'~S Hegemann, J E ~ n g Geol, V18, NI-~, Dec 1981 , P385-393 ~Paper to 2rid International Symposium on Ground Freezimg, Trondheim, 24-26 June 1980)
Discusses studies undertaken in the sinking of the Voerde S~aft, Wals1~n Colliery, Germany. The location meant si~king the shaft 600m through soft and water-bearing strata, so freeze shafts were to be sur~. The lining had to be constructed as an absolutely watertight tube, and the associated investigations ard measurements are discussed.