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Environmental hazards in the chemical industry
110
L~RS
TO "rimEDrroRs
Vol. 13
In premixed hydrogen-oxygen flames, the intensity of the 'blue continuum' is greatest in the reaction zone and decreases with increasing distance from the reaction zone. Padley ~ has shown that this continuum is due to the recombination of H and OH radicals H + OH --* H 2 0 + hv
[4]
In turbulent flames, however, the intensity of the blue continuum, although at a maximum in a welldefined blue zone about 2 cm above the burner mouth, is appreciable throughout the rest of the flame giving rise to a diffuse blue colour. Such observations are consistent with reaction 4 and the high OH concentration m the uoper regions of the flame. Since /continuum OC [HI [OH]
[5]
and there is a decrease in H concentration and an increase in OH concentration with increasing height in the flame, then the product [HI [OH] is considerable at all heights in the flame giving rise to a blue continuum spread throughout the flame. A full account of these and other observations in turbulent hydrogen flames will appear elsewhere 4.
We are grateful to MOM (Hungarian Optical Works)for financiai help. One of us (D.J.H.) is grateful for a scholarship under the British Council- Hungarian Institute of Cultural Relations exchange scheme. D. J. HALLS* and E. PUNGOR Analytical Chemistry Department. University of Chemical Industrh'~, Vc~zprkm. Hungary.
(Received October 1968)
References t BULEWICZ. E. M,, JAMES. C. G. and SUGDEN, T. M. Proc. Roy. Sac. A, 235. 89 (1956p 2 KASKAN, W. E. Combuxtion & Flume, 2, 229 (1958) 3 BULEWtCZ, E. M. and SUGDEN, T, M. Tran.s. Faraday Soc, 52. 1475 q1956) 4 HALLS, D, J. and Pt;NGOR. E. Analyt. chim. Acta, In press 5 KASKAN, W. E. Combustion & Flame, 2. 286 (1958) REID, R. W. and ,~I_'GDEN.T. M. Discuss, Faraday Soc. 33, 213 ~1962~ 7 PADLEV, P. J. Trans. Faradar Soc. 56, 449 (1961)) * Prc~cnt addre~
Dcpartrtwnt ot ( h e m t . lr? and (icoiog~. Port~moulh ( ollcgc ol I cchno og~ Burq:tb~ R~iad P~rl~rnotJth }|Ar]I,
ANNOUNCEMENT Environmental Hazards in the Chemical Industry A two-day course on tile above subject will be given at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology on 22 and 23 April 1969. It is designed for chemists and engineers in the chemical industry and in academic work who are concerned with ensuring safe working conditions. Lectures will be given on: Fundamental principles of gaseous explosions, Ignition of gases by friction and impact, Spread and arregt of explosions, Safe electrical equipment for use in hazardous atmospheres, Respirable dust hazards, Buoyancy effects in the spread and mixing of gases and vapours, and Toxicology of solvent vapours. There will be ample time allowed for questions and discussion. Meals and overnight accommodation will be provided. More detailed information is available from the Registrar, UMIST, P. O. Box No. 88, Manchester, M60 1 QD.
L~RS
TO "rimEDrroRs
Vol. 13
In premixed hydrogen-oxygen flames, the intensity of the 'blue continuum' is greatest in the reaction zone and decreases with increasing distance from the reaction zone. Padley ~ has shown that this continuum is due to the recombination of H and OH radicals H + OH --* H 2 0 + hv
[4]
In turbulent flames, however, the intensity of the blue continuum, although at a maximum in a welldefined blue zone about 2 cm above the burner mouth, is appreciable throughout the rest of the flame giving rise to a diffuse blue colour. Such observations are consistent with reaction 4 and the high OH concentration m the uoper regions of the flame. Since /continuum OC [HI [OH]
[5]
and there is a decrease in H concentration and an increase in OH concentration with increasing height in the flame, then the product [HI [OH] is considerable at all heights in the flame giving rise to a blue continuum spread throughout the flame. A full account of these and other observations in turbulent hydrogen flames will appear elsewhere 4.
We are grateful to MOM (Hungarian Optical Works)for financiai help. One of us (D.J.H.) is grateful for a scholarship under the British Council- Hungarian Institute of Cultural Relations exchange scheme. D. J. HALLS* and E. PUNGOR Analytical Chemistry Department. University of Chemical Industrh'~, Vc~zprkm. Hungary.
(Received October 1968)
References t BULEWICZ. E. M,, JAMES. C. G. and SUGDEN, T. M. Proc. Roy. Sac. A, 235. 89 (1956p 2 KASKAN, W. E. Combuxtion & Flume, 2, 229 (1958) 3 BULEWtCZ, E. M. and SUGDEN, T, M. Tran.s. Faraday Soc, 52. 1475 q1956) 4 HALLS, D, J. and Pt;NGOR. E. Analyt. chim. Acta, In press 5 KASKAN, W. E. Combustion & Flame, 2. 286 (1958) REID, R. W. and ,~I_'GDEN.T. M. Discuss, Faraday Soc. 33, 213 ~1962~ 7 PADLEV, P. J. Trans. Faradar Soc. 56, 449 (1961)) * Prc~cnt addre~
Dcpartrtwnt ot ( h e m t . lr? and (icoiog~. Port~moulh ( ollcgc ol I cchno og~ Burq:tb~ R~iad P~rl~rnotJth }|Ar]I,
ANNOUNCEMENT Environmental Hazards in the Chemical Industry A two-day course on tile above subject will be given at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology on 22 and 23 April 1969. It is designed for chemists and engineers in the chemical industry and in academic work who are concerned with ensuring safe working conditions. Lectures will be given on: Fundamental principles of gaseous explosions, Ignition of gases by friction and impact, Spread and arregt of explosions, Safe electrical equipment for use in hazardous atmospheres, Respirable dust hazards, Buoyancy effects in the spread and mixing of gases and vapours, and Toxicology of solvent vapours. There will be ample time allowed for questions and discussion. Meals and overnight accommodation will be provided. More detailed information is available from the Registrar, UMIST, P. O. Box No. 88, Manchester, M60 1 QD.